No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Systematischer Literaturüberblick über deutschsprachige Praxispublikationen zur Bürgerinnen- und Bürgerpartizipation
Abstract
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3563720
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Public Corporate Governance (PCG) befasst sich mit dem Ordnungsrahmen und der praktizierten Steuerung von Organisationen der öffentlichen Hand mit selbständiger Wirtschaftsführung. Empirische Studien zur Anzahl von Beschäftigten, Investitionssummen, Verschuldung sowie zu Defiziten bei der PCG verdeutlichen die Relevanz des Themas in der Diskussion um Verwaltungsreformen und Staatsmodernisierung. Der Beitrag veranschaulicht Grundsachverhalte der PCG und gibt einen Überblick über wesentliche Instrumente sowie Entwicklungsperspektiven.
We present a research model of extra-role behavior, integrating the literature on public service motivation (PSM) with stewardship theory. We propose that the extent to which volunteers perform activities that go beyond role prescription depends on the individual’s PSM. Our research model is further grounded in the notion that a stewardship-oriented organizational culture serves as a means to enhance the effect of PSM on extra-role behavior. We empirically test this research model in a sample of 475 Austrian and German volunteer firefighters and provide evidence that PSM positively relates to extra-role behavior at the 10% significance level. Furthermore, firefighters’ commitment to the occupation and organization positively moderates the relationship between PSM and extra-role behavior. We also find that stewardship-like characteristics, such as a motivating work design and perceived organizational support, directly relate to extra-role behavior. Implications for research and practice are discussed, focusing on the relevance of these insights for volunteerism research and management.
While crowdsourcing is an increasingly common method of open-government practices to strengthen participatory democracy, its impact on governance is unclear. Using data from a crowdsourced city-plan update by the City of Palo Alto, California, this paper examines the impact of a crowd’s input on policy changes. We used an enacted policy change to quantify government’s response to crowd suggestions-whether crowd suggestions are adopted in the policy changes or not. While the city responded to less than half of the crowd’s suggestions, the likelihood of its doing so increased by half (51.42%) when the crowd’s ideas were amplified by a citizen advisory committee (CAC), a panel of residents working with the city in the policy update. We also found that the government is more likely to respond to crowd suggestions that are perceived actionable. These two factors–CAC and the perceived data quality – constitute a filter which the crowd’s suggestions have to pass to make into the policy. This filter created a hierarchy in the participatory practice. Although crowdsourcing intends to create equality and inclusiveness in policymaking, our findings reveal that the civic data overload and the filter hierarchy complicate the adoption of crowdsourcing as a democratic innovation in governance.
Western governments are increasingly trying to stimulate citizens to coproduce public services by, among other strategies, offering them financial incentives. However, there are competing views on whether financial incentives stimulate coproduction. While some argue that financial incentives increase citizens' willingness to coproduce, others suggest that incentives decrease their willingness (i.e., crowding out). To test these competing expectations, the authors designed a set of experiments that offered subjects a financial incentive to assist municipalities in helping refugees integrate. The experiment was first conducted among university students within a laboratory setting. Then, the initial findings were replicated and extended among a general adult sample. Results suggest that small financial rewards have no effect: they neither increase nor decrease people's willingness to coproduce. When the offered amount is increased substantially, willingness to coproduce increases only marginally. Hence, financial incentives are not a very cost-efficient instrument to stimulate coproduction.
Revisiting the concept and typology of co-production, this study discusses web-based co-production and crowdsourcing of public services, in particular, how information communication technology changes the nature of co-production and how citizens and governments collaborate in designing and producing public services. With the advent of social media and continued development of web technologies, for example, open government initiatives taken by many countries facilitate web-based interaction between citizens and governments. Linking traditional co-production with web-based co-production, we propose and discuss four different types of web-based co-production characterized by the roles of citizens and governments in the design and delivery of public services. We provide illustrations of each type through selected cases and then discuss policy implications.
Crowdsourcing has proliferated across disciplines and professional fields. Implementers in the public sector face practical challenges, however, in the execution of crowdsourcing. This review synthesizes prior crowdsourcing research and practices from a variety of disciplines and focuses to identify lessons for meeting the practical challenges of crowdsourcing in the public sector. It identifies three distinct categories of crowdsourcing: organizations, products and services, and holistic systems. Lessons about the fundamental logic of process design—alignment, motivation, and evaluation—identified across the three categories are discussed. Conclusions drawn from past studies and the resulting evidence can help public managers better design and implement crowdsourcing in the public sector.
Smartness in contemporary society implies the use of massive data to improve the experience of people with connected services and products. The use of big data to collect information about people’s behaviours opens a new concept of “user-centred design” where users are remotely monitored, observed and profiled. In this paradigm, users are considered as sources of information and their participation in the design process is limited to a role of data generators. There is a need to identify methodologies that actively involve people and communities at the core of ecosystems of interconnected products and services. Our contribution to designing for social innovation in ecosystems relies on developing new methods and approaches to transform data-driven design using a participatory and co-creative data-enabled design approach. To this end, we present one of the methods we have developed to design “smart” systems called Experiential Design Landscapes (EDL), and two sample projects, Social Stairs and [Y]our Perspective. Social Stairs faces the topic of behaviour change mediated by sensing technologies. [Y]our Perspective is a social platform to sustain processes of deliberative democracy. Both projects exemplify our approach to data-enabled design as a social proactive participatory design approach.
This article explores how public managers can use insights about public sector innovation and public value governance to make more than incremental progress in remedying society’s most pressing needs. After outlining the features of public innovation, it considers some traditional barriers to achieving it. It then considers the usefulness of the public value framework for managers seeking to design innovative solutions for complex problems, and examines the type of leadership that is likely to foster collaborative innovation and public value. It finishes by offering levers for achieving innovation by adopting design logics and practices associated with inclusive, experimentalist governance.
A central question for programs that involve constituents in the coproduction of government services is: what motivates constituents to participate? This study compares two perspectives on this question: the traditional public-as-citizen model treats participation as a function of a general civic disposition that extends to many forms of civic and political participation (e.g. volunteering and voting); and we introduce the public-as-partner model, which argues that a given program might rely on any of the diverse array of human motivations, depending on the specific nature of participation required. We compare these using 311 systems, which provide a hotline and online tools for requesting nonemergency government services (e.g. graffiti removal), evaluating whether using 311 to contribute to neighborhood maintenance primarily reflects a civic disposition or is additionally motivated by a capacity for territoriality (i.e. identifying with and claiming responsibility for spaces), per the public-as-partner model. The study links three forms of information at the individual level for a sample of 311 users from Boston, Massachusetts (n = 722): objective reporting activity, derived from the 311 archive; a user survey including self-reports of civic activities and territorial motives; and voter registration records. Controlling for demographics and the contextual effects of home neighborhood, higher territorial motives predicted a greater likelihood of a person reporting any issues of public concern and reporting more issues over a broader geographical range in one’s home neighborhood (where >80% of reports are made). Civic activities and voting predicted a greater likelihood of reporting in nonhome neighborhoods (e.g. work). This dichotomy highlights the distinction between the two models in conceptualizing the motivations for participation in coproduction. The article explores how to extend this logic to the assessment of participation, outreach, and disparities in access across programs.
This study examines the conditions for co-production in the delivery of immigrant services in Hong Kong. The study shows that co-production of new immigrant services occurs under three conditions: a joint plan, direct participation, and establishing partnerships. The analysis also suggests that co-production is affected by structural and cultural factors, resulting in three insights. First, a civic culture of “mutual help” develops in co-production activities. Second, maintaining co-production activities requires formal arrangements and informal relationships. Third, participants become strongly connected through repeated social interactions and day-to-day communication. The implications of these findings for the broader study of co-production are discussed.
Systematic reviews should build on a protocol that describes the rationale, hypothesis, and planned methods of the review; few reviews report whether a protocol exists. Detailed, well-described protocols can facilitate the understanding and appraisal of the review methods, as well as the detection of modifications to methods and selective reporting in completed reviews. We describe the development of a reporting guideline, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses for Protocols 2015 (PRISMA-P 2015). PRISMA-P consists of a 17-item checklist intended to facilitate the preparation and reporting of a robust protocol for the systematic review. Funders and those commissioning reviews might consider mandating the use of the checklist to facilitate the submission of relevant protocol information in funding applications. Similarly, peer reviewers and editors can use the guidance to gauge the completeness and transparency of a systematic review protocol submitted for publication in a journal or other medium.
Link to published article: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/poi3.102/abstract
DOI: 10.1002/poi3.102
What is the state of the research on crowdsourcing for policymaking? This article begins to answer this question by collecting, categorizing, and situating an extensive body of the extant research investigating policy crowdsourcing, within a new framework built on fundamental typologies from each field. We first define seven universal characteristics of the three general crowdsourcing techniques (virtual labor markets, tournament crowdsourcing, open collaboration), to examine the relative trade-offs of each modality. We then compare these three types of crowdsourcing to the different stages of the policy cycle, in order to situate the literature spanning both domains. We finally discuss research trends in crowdsourcing for public policy and highlight the research gaps and overlaps in the literature.
The transfer of knowledge in an ecotourism project is never a one-way affair. An approach connected to bottom-up development is the submersion into another culture, while creating a new organizational structure. For co-creation, patterns that are often latent, such as leadership roles, the association with business, or even the color of education can be revealed by carefully facilitated brainstorms or workshops. Especially in countries with a different hierarchical structure, such as Indonesia compared to Holland, a careful analysis is needed before starting cooperation. Although a case is only a temporary view on a situation and not a guarantee for a truly sustainable system, the bottom-up approach tested has interesting starting points for an ecotourism system. Two cases were conducted in Bali, Indonesia, which resulted in guidelines on how to approach user-centered ecotourism development.
State-owned enterprises represent approximately 10% of global gross domestic product. Yet they remain relatively underexplored by management scholars. Firms have often been viewed dichotomously as either state owned or privately owned. Today, however, we encourage a more nuanced view of state-owned enterprises as hybrid organizations, in which the levels of ownership and control by the state can vary. Drawing on 36 cases from four industries in 23 countries, we lay the groundwork for a richer understanding of state-owned enterprises by management scholars in the future.
We examine the potential of co-production to enhance or obstruct the realization of public values by analysing what value tensions co-producers experience and what coping strategies they follow. In-depth study of a social care initiative in Flanders shows that co-production enhances the realization of values relating to services delivered, relationships between public servants and citizens, and the democratic quality of the service delivery process. However, public servants and citizen co-producers experience tensions between values, such as efficiency, individual freedom of co-producers, reciprocity, and inclusion. In trying to deal with these value tensions, public servants are found to follow a variety of coping strategies, whereas citizen co-producers tend to escalate tensions or avoid coping with them. The type of coping strategy followed, however, influences if and what values are ultimately represented in the service delivery process and its results.
Die Thematik „Personal“ wird in struktureller Gesamtsicht immer noch unterschätzt und wiederholt zu einseitig aus Kostengesichtspunkten betrachtet. Der Beitrag liefert eine verdichtete Übersicht zur Bedeutung des Personalmanagements der öffentlichen Hand, zu theoretisch-konzeptionellen Zugängen und zu einigen aktuellen Herausforderungen. In der Zukunft wird sich auch die öffentliche Hand an den Anforderungen eines evidenzbasierten Personalmanagements noch stärker messen lassen müssen. Da häufig ein erheblicher Anteil des Personals in ausgelagerten Organisationseinheiten tätig ist, bedarf es zudem verstärkter Überlegungen zur Ausgestaltung eines integrierten Personalmanagements für Kernverwaltung und öffentlichen Unternehmen.
This article presents a systematic review of the English-language empirical literature about citizen participation to identify the obstacles to its implementation and the most successful ways to address them. Three sets of variables seem to impact effectiveness: contextual factors, including information asymmetries and public officials’ attitude; organizational arrangements, including community representation criteria and process design; and process management patterns, including group dynamics and collaboration quality. Two recommendations stem from our analysis: internalize decisions in organizational procedures, and establish ongoing interactions between government bodies and their stakeholders. We conclude that half-hearted engagement is unlikely to lead to successful citizen participation.
Diese Einführung knüpft an das Lehrbuch zur Architektursoziologie an und stellt - nicht zuletzt durch zahlreiche Abbildungen und Schaubilder - die Soziologie der Stadt sehr anschaulich und nachvollziehbar dar.
With the resurgent interest in coproduction, questions arise around who joins with government in coproducing services and why. This article reports an exploratory study of these questions using data from Atlanta, Georgia. To guide the research, the article first proposes a set of hypotheses on involvement in coproduction based on theories of political participation, where psychological motivations and social factors dominate, and citizen-initiated contacting, where perceived needs for public services are usually primary. The hypotheses are tested using survey data on the engagement of 797 neighborhood organization participants in various forms of local coproduction in Atlanta. The findings provide some support for both theories along with evidence for significant idiosyncratic variations suggested by neither theory. A concluding section considers implications of the findings for future research and for public management.
Der Begriff der Fokusgruppen bezeichnet ein moderiertes Diskursverfahren, bei dem eine Kleingruppe durch einen Informationsinput zur Diskussion über ein bestimmtes Thema angeregt wird. Eingeführt als Partizipationsverfahren ermöglicht dies die Einbindung von BürgerInnen in politische Entscheidungsprozesse. Anhand diverser Beispiele aus der empirischen Sozialforschung stellen die AutorInnen dieses Sammelbands die Methode vor und diskutieren deren Stärken und Schwächen. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Auswahl der TeilnehmerInnen, möglichen Moderationstechniken, der Bestimmung der Stimuli sowie den Auswertungsstrategien.
What effect does bureaucratic responsiveness have on citizen participation? Since the 1940s, attitudinal measures of perceived efficacy have been used to explain participation. The authors develop a "calculus of participation" that incorporates objective efficacy-the extent to which an individual's participation actually has an impact-and test the model against behavioral data from the online application Fix My Street (n = 399,364). A successful first experience using Fix My Street is associated with a 57 percent increase in the probability of an individual submitting a second report, and the experience of bureaucratic responsiveness to the first report submitted has predictive power over all future report submissions. The findings highlight the importance of responsiveness for fostering an active citizenry while demonstrating the value of incidentally collected data to examine participatory behavior at the individual level.
By using information and communications technologies, public administration encourages external actors to get involved in governmental activities once performed by civil servants. This article seeks to investigate the open innovation phenomenon beyond the entrepreneurial domain in the context of open government. For this purpose, a multiple case study was conducted to explore the current state of open government in Austria. The study first reveals the role of citizens as an active part of the system, then discusses the impact of citizensourcing projects, and finally concludes with giving implications for research and practice.
This article explores whether co-creation offers a viable path for the public sector. After an initial account of the transformation of the public sector from a legal authority and a service provider to an arena of co-creation, it defines co-creation and provides some empirical examples. This is followed by a discussion of the risks and benefits of co-creation as well as the drivers and barriers that may stimulate or hamper its expansion. The article also reflects on how institutional design, public leadership, and systemic change can advance co-creation. The conclusion summarizes the findings by setting out some researchable propositions.
Much of the current discussion of user and community co-production makes strong claims for its potential to improve outcomes. How much is actually known about the level, drivers, and potential effects of co-production? In this article, some of the key claims made for co-production are examined and an assessment is made of how they stack up against the empirical evidence. In particular, some areas are identified in which practice must be cautious about the potential contribution of co-production, and where further research is needed.
Alongside the ongoing renewal process of the Finnish welfare state, the role of the citizens is also revisited. So far the attention has mainly focused on how the responsibility for service provision is shared between the public sector and the service users, while the role of public services as a part of the democratic system has been more or less ignored. Based on the results from a 3-year participatory action research project called KAMPA, this article will discuss if the development of co-production in the context of public welfare services shows the way forward toward a new kind of society where democracy is an inseparable part of the structures and procedures of the service provision. The data gathered during the project (textual material, interviews, notes from meetings, and observation diaries) are analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that while legislation and official policies strongly highlight the participation of citizens and service users, there are still many obstacles to overcome at both the attitudinal and practical level. The development of co-production and arenas of a new kind of democracy requires continuity in the attempts and recognition of the achievements, but it also has the potential to demonstrate the way in which a new more lively democratic society can come true in practice.
Zunehmender internationaler Wettbewerb und beschleunigter technologischer Wandel kennzeichnen das Umfeld, in dem Unternehmen ihren Wettbewerbsvorteil entwickeln und erhalten müssen. Die zunehmende externe Dynamik erfordert dabei die Fähigkeit zur schnellen Anpassung und die stete Erneuerung des Produkt- und Dienstleistungsangebots. Dieses Lehrbuch und Nachschlagewerk schärft das Problembewusstsein für die aktuellen Herausforderungen des Innovationsmanagements. Es präsentiert den Stand des Wissens systematisch und liefert Ihnen theoretisch wie empirisch fundierte Aussagen zum erfolgreichen Management von Innovationen.
Co-production is currently one of cornerstones of public policy reform across the globe. Inter alia, it is articulated as a valuable route to public service reform and to the planning and delivery of effective public services, a response to the democratic deficit and a route to active citizenship and active communities, and as a means by which to lever in additional resources to public service delivery. Despite these varied roles, co-production is actually poorly formulated and has become one of a series of ‘woolly-words’ in public policy. This paper presents a conceptualization of co-production that is theoretically rooted in both public management and service management theory. It argues that this is a robust starting point for the evolution of new research and knowledge about co-production and for the development of evidence-based public policymaking and implementation.
This article presents an adult education approach to community development with board members of non-profit childcare facilities, family resource and women's centres. Community organizations are important vehicles for development in terms of the degree to which they increase citizen participation and revitalize neighbourhoods through the creation of social capital (Gittell, Ortega-Bustamante, and Steffy 1999). Through workshop/focus groups we explored the learning and resource needs of 25 inner city board volunteers, a majority of whom were Aboriginal women. Utilizing an experiential model of learning (Kolb 1999), we used an interactive approach that validated cultural and gender-related differences in styles of governance and capitalized on and deepened existing networks. Findings include the unique strengths of and challenges experienced by this sample of inner city board members and the attributes of the capacity building approach deemed most helpful by participants. We conclude with policy recommendations for enhancing board development in non-profit organizations. Copyright © 2005 by the Institute of Urban Studies All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
Co-production of public services means that services are not only delivered by professional and managerial staff in public agencies, but also co-produced by citizens and communities. While recent research on this topic has advanced the debate considerably, there is still no consensus on what co-production means precisely. This article argues that, rather than trying to determine one encompassing definition of the concept, several different types of co-production can be distinguished. Starting from the classical definitions of Elinor Ostrom and Roger Parks, the article draws on the literature on professionalism, volunteering and public management to (1) identify the distinctive nature of co-production, (2) to identify basic dimensions on which a typology of co-production can be constructed. Recognizing different types of co-production more systematically is a critical step in making research on this phenomenon more comparable and more cumulative.
Governments have made strides in “crowdsourcing” yet the concept has not been defined as a tool in either policy-making or in delivering services. The article identifies different forms of crowdsourcing and argues that existing taxonomies for governing instruments insufficiently account for crowdsourcing as a strategic tool in its arsenal. Focusing on the most important types of crowdsourcing drawn from the federal, provincial and municipal levels, it explores the limits of crowdsourcing and issues it raises for governance and administration. The cases reveal how crowdsourcing can help the state meet needs by activating crowds into accomplishing tasks. Using crowds is more than a procedural novelty: it opens new venues for direct contact between the state and citizens that can affect the force and direction of decision making.SommaireLes gouvernements ont fait des progrès dans le domaine du « crowdsourcing » ou « externalisation ouverte », et cependant le concept n'a pas été défini comme un outil en élaboration de politiques ou en prestation de services. L'article présente différentes formes d'externalisation ouverte et fait valoir que les taxonomies existantes d'instruments directeurs ne tiennent pas suffisamment compte de l'externalisation ouverte en tant qu'outil stratégique. En se penchant sur les plus importants types d'externalisation ouverte tirés des paliers de gouvernement fédéral, provinciaux et municipaux, l'article étudie en profondeur les limites de l'externalisation ouverte et les questions que cela pose pour la gouvernance et l'administration. Les cas révèlent comment l'externalisation ouverte peut aider l’État à répondre aux besoins en faisant participer les foules à l'accomplissement des tâches. Le recours aux foules va au-delà d'une simple nouveauté de procédure : cela ouvre de nouvelles voies pour le contact direct entre l’État et les citoyens qui peuvent avoir une incidence sur la force et l'orientation de la prise de décisions.
This qualitative study analyzes an Italian hospital’s endeavor to introduce a coproduction practice and the critical factors that affect its efficacy and efficiency. The empirical evidence shows that the meaningful engagement of the patient can be achieved only by factoring in the socio organizational conditions of all stakeholders; that no divide exists between organizational production and client coproduction, rather, it is a relationship of interdependence that in turn raises critical issues; and that formalized and effective “practices-in-use” cannot work unless there is strong managerial commitment and enforcement of the new coproduction initiative.
Citizen involvement in public sector innovation is ubiquitously called for. However, public administrations are still hesitant to adopt such practices. We identify key issues in citizen involvement from the government perspective on the basis of related work and a survey among German local authorities (n = 358). First, we find that public administrations perceive a mismatch between citizens’ expertise and the complexity of problems. Second, public administrations are uncertain about citizens’ motivation for participating in citizensourced innovation. To examine the citizen perspective on these issues, we review literature on citizensourcing and conduct a survey among citizens (n = 128). We find that citizens with relevant expertise are more motivated to collaborate on complex challenges in their area of expertise. While financial rewards generally work as incentives, they are not always necessary due to the variety of motivational factors in citizensourcing. Our study reveals further that the willingness to engage is related to the demography of potential participants. The paper concludes with implications for policy and theory and an outlook on potentially fruitful avenues for future research.
Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarize evidence relating to efficacy and safety of health care interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, is not optimal. Poor reporting of systematic reviews diminishes their value to clinicians, policy makers, and other users. Since the development of the QUOROM (QUality Of Reporting Of Meta-analysis) Statement-a reporting guideline published in 1999-there have been several conceptual, methodological, and practical advances regarding the conduct and reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Also, reviews of published systematic reviews have found that key information about these studies is often poorly reported. Realizing these issues, an international group that included experienced authors and methodologists developed PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses) as an evolution of the original QUOROM guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses of evaluations of health care interventions. The PRISMA Statement consists of a 27-item checklist and a four-phase flow diagram. The checklist includes items deemed essential for transparent reporting of a systematic review. In this Explanation and Elaboration document, we explain the meaning and rationale for each checklist item. For each item, we include an example of good reporting and, where possible, references to relevant empirical studies and methodological literature. The PRISMA Statement, this document, and the associated Web site (www.prisma-statement.org) should be helpful resources to improve reporting of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
Debates surrounding the ostensibly 'transformative' potential of personalisation for social work services, and service users, have variously illustrated the risks and opportunities this presents, although the implications for criminal justice social work services have received comparatively limited attention. By extending the concept of 'service user' to include not only offenders, but wider stakeholders (victims and communities), this paper considers the practical application of theories of personalisation and co-production by reviewing proposed and extant strategies for maximising stakeholder involvement in criminal justice services. It is argued that, in progressing beyond the more individualistic interpretations of this somewhat controversial reform agenda-in prioritising not only the individual, their rights, strengths and subjective identities, but locating the individual in situ, in the concrete realities and textures of their lives and communities-the strength of the personalisation agenda rests in its potential to develop and strengthen the collective organisation of service users, service providers and communities in a co-productive endeavour. It is argued that both this reading and the principles underpinning it resonate more widely with the empirical and theoretical literature on just and effective penal practices and, in so doing, this paper exposes the complexities that lie behind the apparent simplicity of this argument.
This article examines the use of three service design methods in exploring complex public service systems. The methods used were the persona technique, mapping techniques in collaborative design workshops, and observations supplemented by group discussions. In their application to a university service, it was found that through their user-centred and collaborative approach, the service design methods assisted in the analysis of user experiences, including critical incidents, within the service system. It was also identified that user co-production formed the core of the service system and its processes, which highlights the need to actively involve users in public service design projects.
This article opens a debate on how to make social care in England more sustainable in the context of environmental, social
and economic changes. Based on an innovative research project commissioned by the Department of Health through the Social
Care Institute for Excellence, we provide an analysis of the policy context for sustainability in the social care sector as
set out by New Labour and discuss the extent to which the new coalition government has taken this agenda forward. Drawing
on case studies from England and Wales, the article describes a range of good practice for embedding sustainability within
the commissioning and delivery of social care services. We then consider how to develop frameworks that support sustainable
practices within social care services, and critically discuss some of drivers and challenges. We conclude that social care
can only be sustainable if an integrated approach is taken that combines environmental, economic and social considerations.
The current fiscal crisis has added urgency to the need to develop innovative systems of social care based on co-production,
mutualism and localism. Piloting and mainstreaming approaches such as these can only be done with strong leadership, long-term
thinking and meaningful incentives.