Influence of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield attributes of summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Abstract

The experiment was conducted during 2015-16 at farmers' field of Binuria (23 o 40'N and 87 o 39'E) village of Birbhum, West Bengal, under the red and lateritic belt. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments and three replications for assessing the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of summer rice. The plot size was 5 x 4 m and the treatment combinations were : T 1 : Control, T 2 : 25% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN)+75% poultry manure, T 3 : 50% RDN+50% poultry manure, T 4 : 75% RDN+25% poultry manure, T 5 : 100% RDN, T 6 : 25% RDN+75% farm yard manure (FYM), T 7 : 50% RDN+50% FYM and T 8 : 75% RDN+25% FYM. The rice variety IR-36 showed positive influence on integrated nutrient management and resulted in significantly greater values of growth and yield attributes and yield of summer rice. The recommended dose of nutrients was 120 : 60 : 60 kg/ha of N : P 2 O 5 : K 2 O of summer rice, respectively. The treatments with 75% RDN+25% poultry manure (T 4) and 75% RDN+25% FYM (T 8) recorded better performance compared to other treatments.

Full text

Crop Res. 55 (1 & 2) : 1-5 (2020)
Printed in India
Influence of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield
attributes of summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)
TANMOY SHANKAR1,*, SAGAR MAITRA1, MASINA SAI RAM1 AND RAJESH MAHAPATRA
Palli Siksha Bhavana
Visva-Bharati, Sriniketan-731 204, Birbhum, West Bengal, India
*(e-mail : tanmoy.shankar125@gmail.com)
(Received : February 13, 2020/Accepted : March 21, 2020)
ABSTRACT
The experiment was conducted during 2015-16 at farmers’ field of Binuria (23
o40’N and 87 o39’E) village of Birbhum, West Bengal, under the red and lateritic belt. The
experiment was laid out in randomized block design with eight treatments and three
replications for assessing the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and
yield of summer rice. The plot size was 5 x 4 m and the treatment combinations were : T1
: Control, T2 : 25% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN)+75% poultry manure, T3 : 50%
RDN+50% poultry manure, T4 : 75% RDN+25% poultry manure, T5 : 100% RDN, T6 : 25%
RDN+75% farm yard manure (FYM), T7 : 50% RDN+50% FYM and T8 : 75% RDN+25%
FYM. The rice variety IR-36 showed positive influence on integrated nutrient management
and resulted in significantly greater values of growth and yield attributes and yield of
summer rice. The recommended dose of nutrients was 120 : 60 : 60 kg/ha of N : P2O5 : K2O
of summer rice, respectively. The treatments with 75% RDN+25% poultry manure (T4) and
75% RDN+25% FYM (T8) recorded better performance compared to other treatments.
Key words : FYM, integrated nutrient management (INM), poultry manure, summer rice
1Department of Agronomy, M. S. Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University Technology
and Management, Paralakhemundi-761 211 (Odisha), India.
INTRODUCTION
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most
important crop in India and additionally the
hub of food security of the worldwide
population. It has about an area of 155.6
million ha with production and productivity of
461 million tonnes and 4.09 t/ha, respectively,
in the world. India ranks first in respect of area
44.5 million hectares and second in production
102.7 Mt after China, but the productivity of
rice is extremely low 2.20 t/ha (Anonymous,
2014). In West Bengal conditions, during
summer season, the rice is grown prominently
with higher productivity compared to other
seasons. The adoption of improved practices
including integrated nutrient management is
essential to urge higher productivity of crops.
The high grain yield of wetland rice removes a
substantial amount of major and minor
nutrients from the soil and deficiency of either
nutrients reduces its grain yield (Pawar et al.,
2017; Shankar et al., 2018). But with today
high yielding cultivars, which have higher
nutrient requirements, the use of inorganic
fertilizers has increased considerably resulting
in decline within the utilization of organic
manures (Hossain and Singh, 2000; Yin et al.,
2018). Therefore, so on form the soil well given
all the plant nutrients within the readily
available form and to need care of soil health,
it’s necessary to use organic manures in
conjunction with inorganic fertilizers to urge
optimum yields (Ramalakshmi et al., 2012;
Shultana et al., 2019).The combined use of
organic manures like poultry manure and FYM
in conjunction with chemical fertilizers had
shown good effect on growth and yield
components of summer rice (Fakhrul Islam et
al., 2013).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The experiment was conducted during
2015-16 at farmers’ field of Binuria village
(23o40’N and 87o39’E) of Birbhum district, West
Bengal, under the red and lateritic belt. The
experiment was laid out in randomized block
design with eight treatments and three
replications to evaluate the effect of integrated
DOI : 10.31830/2454-1761.2020.001

nutrient management on growth characters,
yield attributes and yield of summer rice. The
plot size was 5 x 4 m and the treatments were
: T1 : Control, T2 : 25% recommended dose of
nitrogen (RDN)+75% poultry manure, T3 : 50%
RDN+50% poultry manure, T4 : 75% RDN+25%
poultry manure, T5:100% RDN, T6 : 25%
RDN+75% farm yard manure (FYM), T7 : 50%
RDN+50% FYM and T8 : 75% RDN+25% FYM.
The recommended dose of nutrients was 120 :
60 : 60 kg/ha of N : P2O5 : K2O of summer rice,
respectively. The sources of fertilizers were urea
for N, single super phosphate (SSP) for P and
muriate of potash (MOP) for K. The rice variety
IR-36 was tested with different treatments. The
experimental soil was clay loam in texture,
acidic in reaction (pH 5.5), medium in organic
carbon (0.35%), available nitrogen (230.0 kg/
ha), available phosphorus (11.2 kg/ha) and
available potassium (125.6 kg/ha). After tillage,
puddling and levelling, the field was laid out
as per the treatments. Half of inorganic nitrogen
and full dose of phosphorus and potassium
were applied as basal dose before transplanting.
The remaining half of nitrogen was applied in
two equal splits as top dressing at 30 and 60
DAT i. e. at active tillering stage and panicle
initiation stage.The experimental data recorded
for various parameters under study were
analyzed statistically (Gomez and Gomez, 1984)
to draw a valid conclusion.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Growth Attributes
The growth attributes are recorded,
statistically analyzed and presented in Table
1. The results showed that the height of the
rice plants at 90 DAT was influenced by the
treatments and it was increased with increasing
level of nitrogen application. The maximum
height of the plants was recorded in crop
receiving 100% RDN (T5) which was statistically
at par with all other treatments except control
(no application of fertilizers). All the treatments
showed their significant superiority to control
(T1). But proportion of organic manure and
chemical fertilizer mixture did not cause much
difference in increasing plant height of summer
rice. Similar observations on the effect of
different proportion of organic manures and
chemical fertilizer mixture on influencing height
of the rice plants were also noted by several
workers (Dass et al.,2009; Kumar et al.,2010;
Babar and Dongale, 2011; Singh et al., 2018).
Nutrient management practices exerted positive
and significant effect on dry matter
accumulation (DMA) of summer rice. The
maximum DMA was recorded in crop receiving
75% RDN through chemical fertilizers+25%
RDN through poultry manure (T4) and was
closely followed by the treatments 75%
RDN+25% RDN through FYM (T8), 100% RDN
(T5). The lowest DMA was recorded in treatment
where no fertilizer was applied (control). The
results clearly showed the need of integration
of both organic and inorganic fertilizers for
better growth of the crop in terms of dry matter
accumulation that ultimately helped in
increasing the productivity of summer rice. The
results are in conformity with the findings of
Yadav et al. (2007). Similar results were
recorded in expression of leaf area index (LAI).
The maximum LAI was recorded with 100%
RDN (T5) and it was closely followed by all other
Table 1. Effect of integrated nutrient management on growth parameters of summer rice
Treatment Plant height Dry matter Leaf area Tillers/m2
at harvest accumulation index at at 60 DAT
(cm) at harvest 60 DAT
(g/m2)
T1 : Control 105.8 1014 3.97 322
T2 : 25% RDN+75% poultry manure 133.7 1303 4.44 388
T3 : 50% RDN+50% poultry manure 135.8 1435 4.89 429
T4 : 75% RDN+25% poultry manure 136.5 1612 5.32 439
T5 : 100% RDN 137.6 1589 5.42 433
T6 : 25% RDN+75% FYM 126.4 1319 4.13 373
T7 : 50% RDN+50% FYM 135.3 1336 4.77 426
T8 : 75% RDN+25% FYM 137.3 1623 5.39 434
S. Em± 7.38 47.7 0.25 14.3
C. D. (P=0.05) 22.4 144.8 0.68 42.0
C. V. (%) 9.6 5.8 7.8 6.1
DAT : Days after transplanting.
2Shankar, Maitra, Ram and Mahapatra

combinations except T2 (25% RDN+75% poultry
manure) and control. The results corroborate
the findings of Ghosh and Maja (1986), Peng et
al. (2006) and Huang et al. (2008) and Talathi
et al. (2009).
The results showed that replacement of
higher amount of N through organic sources i.
e. T2 (25% RDN+75% poultry manure), T3 (50%
RDN+ 50% poultry manure), T6 (25% RDN+75%
FYM) and T7
(50% RDN+50% FYM) reduced the
number of tillers/m2 as compared to that of the
treatment with higher level of inorganic N. The
treatment T4 (75% RDN+25% poultry manure)
was statistically at par with T3 (50% RDN+50%
poultry manure), T5 (100% RDN), T7 (50%
RDN+50% FYM) and T8 (75% RDN+25% FYM)
in increasing number of tillers of summer rice.
However, the treatment T4 (75% RDN+25%
poultry manure) was significantly superior to
T1 (control), T2 (25% RDN+75% poultry manure)
and T6 (25% RDN+75% FYM). Similar
observations on the effect of different proportion
of organic manure and chemical fertilizer
mixture on influencing tiller production of rice
were also made by several workers (Singh and
Verma, 1999; Maiti et al.,2006; Kumar and
Yadav 2008; Singh et al.,2018a).
Yield Attributes
The yield attributes like number of
panicles/m2, panicle length, number of
spikelets/panicle, number of filled grains/
panicle, percentage of filled grains and test
weight (1000-grain weight) recorded at maturity
are presented in Table 2. The nutrient
management practices exerted marked effect
on panicle production of summer rice. The
highest number of panicles/m2 was produced
by the crop receiving 75% RDN through
chemical fertilizers+25% RDN through poultry
manure (T4) was closely followed by 75%
RDN+25% RDN through FYM (T8) and 100%
RDN (T5). The lowest number of panicles/m2
was recorded from the crop grown under control
(no application) and followed by 25% RDN+75%
poultry manure (T2) and 25% RDN+75% FYM
(T6). The results are in conformity with the
findings of Dass et al. (2009), Acharya and
Mondal (2010), Singh et al. (2018). The crop
with control and 25% RDN+75% poultry
manure and 25% RDN+75% FYM produced
lower number of spikelets/panicle and filled
grains. The treatment with 75% RDN through
chemical fertilizers+25% RDN through poultry
manure (T4) being statistically at par with 75%
RDN+25% RDN through FYM (T8) and 100%
RDN (T5) produced significantly more spikelets
panicle-1 and filled grains than control and
remaining treatments. Further, the treatment
T4 (75% RDN through chemical fertilizers + 25%
RDN through poultry manure) registered
significantly longer panicles and greater test
weight than control, but the former treatment
was statistically at par with remaining
treatments in expression of these two yield
attributing characters. The results are similar
with the findings of earlier researchers (Singh
and Verma, 1999; Mishra et al., 2003; Kumar
and Yadav, 2008; Rahman et al., 2009; Sharma
et al., 2017).
Yield
The grain, straw and biological yield and
harvest index are presented in the Table 3. The
highest grain yield recorded in treatment T4
(75% RDN+25% RDN through poultry manure)
was statistically at par with T3 (50% RDN+ 50%
poultry manure), T5 (100% RDN), T7 (50% RDN+
Table 2. Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield components of summer rice
Treatment No. of Spikelets/ Filled grains/ Panicle Test
panicles/ panicle panicle length weight
m2(cm) (g)
T1 : Control 288 123 107 26.8 21.8
T2 : 25% RDN+75% poultry manure 308 138 121 28.9 22.5
T3 : 50% RDN+50% poultry manure 331 142 126 29.8 22.4
T4 : 75% RDN+25% poultry manure 346 158 138 30.7 22.8
T5 : 100% RDN 338 155 136 30.3 22.7
T6 : 25% RDN+75% FYM 313 135 120 28.6 22.1
T7 : 50% RDN+50% FYM 314 145 126 29.1 22.5
T8 : 75% RDN+25% FYM 343 156 137 30.6 22.7
S. Em± 7.2 3.19 2.48 0.73 0.27
C. D. (P=0.05) 20.9 9.17 7.51 2.22 0.83
C. V. (%) 3.8 3.3 3.2 4.3 2.1
Response of summer rice to integrated nutrient management 3

50% FYM) and T8 (75% RDN+ 25% FYM). The
lowest grain yield was recorded in treatment
where no fertilizer was applied (control) and it
significantly produced less grain yield than rest
of the treatments. The maximum straw yield
was recorded in crop receiving 75% RDN
through chemical fertilizers + 25% RDN
through poultry manure (T4) and was closely
followed by all the other treatments whereas
the lowest straw yield recorded in control
treatment.
The lowest biological yield of summer
rice was obtained from the crop grown under
control (no application) and the maximum
biological yield was recorded in the treatment
received with T4 (75% RDN+25% RDN through
poultry manure) which was closely followed by
remaining treatments except control. The
harvest index did not vary significantly among
the different nutrient management practices
in summer rice. As the grain and straw yields
responded similarly to the nutrient
management practices, the harvest index did
not differ much among the treatments.
However, the crop receiving 75% RDN+25%
RDN through poultry manure (T4) was
statistically at par with other treatments expect
control, whereas T4 recorded relatively higher
harvest index than that of the other treatments.
The results are similar with the findings of Apon
et al. (2018) and Singh et al. (2018).
CONCLUSION
From the present study, it may be
concluded that integrated nutrient
management in summer rice showed positive
and favourable influence on improving the
growth and yield. The application of 75% RDN
through chemical fertilizer+25% RDN through
poultry manure improved its growth attributes,
yield components and productivity. The results
clearly indicated the need of integrated use of
organic manures in addition to chemical
fertilizers to meet the nutrient need of summer
rice.
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4Shankar, Maitra, Ram and Mahapatra

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