FOMO- social media engagement- smartphone addiction and distraction _IEEEPaper..pdf

Abstract

b>Everything in this contemporary world can be exploited including a smartphone. Smartphone has both pros and cons. So, our research is focusing on the dark side of the smartphone and how it creates a potential risk to our mental health, productivity, time and academic performance. We are conducting a survey that examines the relationship between social media use and academic performance. We want to show that heavy social media usage is positively related to lower GPA i.e. Academic performance has a negative correlation to social media addiction and suggesting to them the best ways to get rid of smartphone addiction. Several mobile phone applications are available to help smartphone users to self-monitor their smartphone usage. These mobile applications may provide a means of delivering behavioral interventions to protect smartphone users from their potential problematic usage. At last, we want people to let them know the truth of how heavy smartphone usage is affecting their mental health, productivity, and safety in performing their daily tasks. </b

Full text

Fear of missing out, social media engagement,
smartphone addiction, and distraction: The role of
mobile applications-based intervention.
Vishnu Sudheer Gannamani
Lakehead University
Student ID: 1110200
vgannama@lakeheadu.ca
Akhil Kumar Reddy Bandaru
Lakehead University
Student ID: 1105900
abandaru@lakeheadu.ca
Dr.J.Fiaidhi (Instructor)
Lakehead University
jfiaidhi@lakeheadu.ca
Abstract—Everything in this contemporary world
can be exploited including a smartphone. Smartphone
has both pros and cons. So, our research is focusing on
the dark side of the smartphone and how it creates a
potential risk to our mental health, productivity, time
and academic performance. We are conducting a survey
that examines the relationship between social media use
and academic performance. We want to show that heavy
social media usage is positively related to lower GPA
i.e. Academic performance has a negative correlation to
social media addiction and suggesting to them the best
ways to get rid of smartphone addiction. Several mobile
phone applications are available to help smartphone users
to self-monitor their smartphone usage. These mobile
applications may provide a means of delivering behavioral
interventions to protect smartphone users from their
potential problematic usage. At last, we want people to
let them know the truth of how heavy smartphone usage
is affecting their mental health, productivity, and safety
in performing their daily tasks.
keywords—FOMO, Social media engagement,
Smartphone addiction, distraction, GPA, social media,
Dopamine, symptoms, insomnia, Nomophobia.
I. INTRODUCTION
Nowadays most of the younger generation and small
children have addicted themselves to Social Media
Engagement and Mobile Phones which is going to create a
very bad impact on their valuable lives. Across the world,
many scientific kinds of research and studies clearly state that
over usage of Mobile Phones and Social Media Platforms
like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, etc. are going to create
a very serious impact like stress, depression, and anxiety
on individual’s health. A Recent Study Report suggests that
Fear of Missing out (FOMO) is one of the main reasons
for social media addiction. The Over-usage of Smart Phones
will also lead some symptoms like Distraction (Anything that
prevents someone from giving full attention to something
else), Compulsion (The action or state of forcing or being
forced to do something), Nomophobia (The irrational fear of
being without a phone or being unable to use your phone for
some reason), Reliable on Smart Phones to complete basic
tasks, Reduce of Mental-wellbeing. Social media engagement
can be defined as the relationship formed between us and
social media.
The role of mobile-based application intervention means
how mobile applications are putting or creating potential
dangers to our productivity, mental health, and academic
performance time or in anything, the question always haunts
everybody in this world “why the smartphone is important”.
They are many reasons
•In past days, Mobile phones were used only for talk-
ing messaging. But now this concept is changed by
creating user-friendly mobile device applications in chat-
ting, social networking, business communications, emails,
browsing surfing, etc.
•The smartphone became a natural extension of an indi-
vidual. Smartphones are for art beauty global intercon-
nectivity and designed to make our lives easier.
•Availability of various applications in the field of Social
media, Fun, Travel, Health, Education and Business.
We all know our life has become much easier after the
arrival of smartphones. There is no difference between
cavemen and us. Caveman use to carry a stick to protect
himself from animals or something else. In the contemporary
world, we are carrying a smartphone instead of a stick. The
propelled functionalities of the cell phone have adjusted the
examples of cell phone use conduct. Mobile phones have
empowered us to do different assignments at the equivalent
time. Cell phones have made our lives substantially more
helpful. PDAs have likewise changed the way that individual’s
interface with one another.
II. FE AR O F MISSING OUT
The Fear of Missing Out is also known as FOMO. The
FOMO is spreading widely throughout an area or a group of
978-1-7281-4387-3/19/$31.00 © 2019 IEEE

people in society. A Study Report suggests that FOMO is one
of the main reasons for social media addiction. FOMO refers
to the feelings of anxiety that arise from the realization that
you may be missing out on rewarding experiences that others
are having. There is a study that explores the relationships
between FOMO, social media use, problematic social media
use (PSMU) and phubbing behavior. FOMO was a positive
predictor of both how frequently teenagers use several social
media platforms and how many platforms they actively use.
Persons who have a greater FOMO are assumed to have a
greater desire to stay continually up to date of what others
are doing, for example via the use of social media. FOMO
originates from psychological deficits in people’s competence
and relatedness needs.
III. SOCIAL MED IA EN GAG EM EN T
Social Media Engagement can be defined as something
when someone interacts with social media. Anyway, nowadays
a greater number of people are interacting with others with
the help of many platforms like Facebook and Twitter. These
Metrics are so crucial in measuring the effectiveness of our
social media.
IV. SOCIAL MED IA ADDICTION
•One research found in the Harvard Psychology Depart-
ment is showing that sharing information about ourselves
we like to do through the smartphone activates the same
part of the brain that is related to pleasure. The same kind
of pleasure we get from getting money, eating food and
while having intercourse.
•FOMO-opening our social media applications like FB,
Instagram, Twitter and checking what our friends are
doing and undergoing social anxiety.
•AVG study from the USA discovered that 57 percent-
age of women would rather give up intercourse than a
smartphone for a week .
V. LITERATURE REVIEW
I and My team had chosen many different papers in which
the authors have described how heavy smartphone usage
is affecting our mental health, productivity, and safety in
performing their daily tasks.
Hour of sleep and consistency [2] is considered a crucial
factor for physical and mental health in humans. Excessive use
of smartphones can impact adolescent sleep efficiency. This
paper built a measurement experiment method and first data
study on the relationship between smartphone usage habits
and bedtime, wake-up, and bedtime use of MI band activity
tracker and Android device mobile addiction management
system SAMS. They have collected and evaluated 23 first-
year high school kids for 8 weeks. The findings show the
smartphone’s key use period, called ’centroid period’ can
have major effects on sleep time shortages, sleep lateness and
sleep quality.
A Study [6] looks at the connection between the use
of social media and academic success. To a selection of
university students in Kuwait, self-administered questionnaires
are. Results indicate that the heavy use of mobile social
media has a favorable connection to a lower GPA. The strong
linear trend indicates the lower the grades the more students
use social media. Studies also indicate that participants are
conscious the use of social media decreases their scores, but
they tend to use them extensively regardless.
Turel et al, [7] described the term technology addiction as a
kind of psychological state which will cause many symptoms
like salience, withdrawal, conflict, relapse, and reinstatement.
Story of a mother and her daughter in china:
A few years back in China, a mother went shopping with her
daughter. After they have done shopping, they are waiting for
the bus to go home. The mother came to know that her bus
will arrive in 15 minutes. To pass the time she had taken her
smartphone out and started browsing through social media
applications. After 5 minutes, she heard a huge sound and
she found out that her child is missing. Later she gathered
the courage to see from where this sound came. She came to
know that her child was met with an accident. Unfortunately,
her child died. Those 5 minutes of smartphone distraction
costed a life.
One tweet ruined her life:
A lady named Nicole sent out a tweet “ k is PQ and ka
is PK “ that wouldn’t even make sense to most people
.she woke up to thousands of emails from new people and
following her on twitter. Here is what happened she is the
admirer of a web series “glee” and she made a prediction
on the upcoming episode next week. Which is unfortunately
correct she was labeled as a spoiler. The director himself
tweeted that who are you to spoil something talented
people have spent months to create and she also received
death threats and tweets which are extremely offensive like
you don’t deserve to breathe, you suck go jump off the bridge.
Trolls ruined my life:
A teenager claims internet trolls ”ruined her life” by
superimposing her face on pornographic messages that
were shared on social media. Victoria, from Leeds, was
told to ”go kill yourself” on the Live.me streaming app and
her home address was shared on Twitter as a ”house to burgle”.
VI. DISCUSSIONS
Why we get addicted to social media applications? This
question haunts everybody in this contemporary world.
An end-user said “I have tried my level best to get rid of
social media applications, but I could not do it because it is

very addictive”
Are social media applications like Facebook, Instagram,
Snapchat, Twitter, etc. addictive? What is the truth?
They are designed to be addictive. These companies invested
millions of dollars to read human psychology. We know that
engagement with social media and our cell phones releases a
chemical called dopamine (neurohormone of pleasure) in our
brain.
An end-user said “I have tried my level best to get rid of
social media applications, but I could not do it because it is
very addictive”
Fig. 1. Dopamine hit cycle. [1].
The problem with the dopamine is that excessive stimulation
of your brain that is caused by dopamine creates addiction.
This is how exactly how drugs work. These companies did
research on what kind of content a teenager likes, a middle-
age person likes, and Oldman likes. They have analyzed
the dopamine levels of people in different situations. These
companies always think of one question “how to get people
hooked to our app” They showed us how with negative
emotions like being lonely, or bored or dissatisfied. They use
them as internal triggers and get people to try their app and
stay there for as long as possible.
An end-user said “Apps are free to install use” Here is the
Truth! A wise man once told on the internet “If you are not
paying for the product, then you are the product”.
Interesting Facts about Smartphones
•Your smartphone has more computing power than the
computers used for Apollo 11 Moon Landing.
•Apple Company sold 340,000 iPhones per day in 2012.
•Mobile phones have 18 times more bacteria than toilet
handles.
•In Japan, 90 percentage of mobile phones are waterproof
because youngsters use them even in the shower.
•Mobile phone Radiation can cause insomnia, headaches,
and confusion.
•More People in the world have mobile phones than toilets.
•The average person unlocks his or her smartphones 110
times each day.
•The average person looks at their phone 150 times a
day, or once every six-and-a-half minutes every hour.
Essential Mobile Phone Addiction Statics
•About, 45.12 percentage of the World’s population owns
their Mobile Phones.
•Nearly, 71 percentage of the people are sleeping next to
their Mobile Phones.
•Almost, 35 percentage of people think of their Mobile
Phones when they woke up
•Approximately, 44 percentage of the people the age of
18-24 have fallen asleep with their phones in their hands.
•Closely, 36 percentage of people check their phones very
constantly.
•Nearly 40 percentage of people never disconnect from
cell phones, even during vacation time.
Symptoms of Smartphone Addiction
•Feeling anxious whenever you do not have your phone
in your physical possession.
•Constantly checking the phone for new texts, coupled
with the compulsion to respond immediately.
•Did you feel that? Your phone just vibrated, and you felt
it. Yet looking at the phone, you realize it’s a false alarm.
Phantom cellphone vibration syndrome is real, and it’s a
symptom of addiction.
•You’re not listening. You have no idea what the person
in front of you is talking about. Why? Because you keep
checking your Facebook page, tweets, and texts.
•Failing in School. Poor grades can often be blamed on
using the smartphone in classes. Some apps block social
media, which may help.
VII. PROP OS ED MODEL ( SURVEY RESULT S)
How Smartphones Change the Way You Think?
I and My team had surveyed how smartphone influences
our productivity, academic performance, health, safety, and
relationships. I always believe that smartphone has a strong
negative correlation on our performance in our day to day
tasks. Many of us believe in that but we still swim in. We
have started our survey to know what the main cause of
lower productivity and lack of sleep is and what impedes our
academic performance and our ability to do our daily tasks.
We have realized at that end that smartphones are the new
cigarettes that everyone got addicted irrespective of gender
and age category.
Why we have conducted an online survey why not
paper survey?
I and My team had started our survey journey with the paper,
we have given chocolates to them whoever participated in
our survey. However, we have realized that this process is
very slow and time-consuming and most importantly not

efficient as collecting data from the participants and getting
it to feed the computer manually which is killing our time.
We are living in a world where time is everything and we
felt that we are wasting a lot of paper. So, we thought of
changing our implementation. I believe that information
technology outfits the entire world and makes our lives easier
and faster in doing tasks. We have taken advantage of social
media applications like Facebook, Instagram and chatting
applications like Whats-App and hike messenger to promote
our on-line survey, so that it can reach a larger number of
audiences and it worked well.
What is the specialty of our survey?
we didn’t’t collect any personal information like the name of
the person, address, phone number, email id, etc. form the
participants i.e. completely anonymous survey. We did this
because we believe that the security of every participant is
very important, and it can easily be exploited if it is fallen in
third party members. So, we have added the comment section
in our survey. Since it is an anonymous survey, we felt that
participants will give their honest opinions on our survey and
it worked well.
Our Survey is a total of 15 questions. We have framed
questions in such a way that every question is contemporary
and realistic i.e. no hypothetical questions and questions are
ordered in exponentially increasing intensity of the topic and
these questions could check how an individual thinks and what
are his perspectives towards social media and smartphone ad-
dictions and technology. We have added images relevant to the
questions so that our survey form looks more appealing. I also
got very good feedback from participants for including images
and adding colourful themes instead of boring appealing looks.
In total, we got 100+ responses (around 34 females and around
63 males) from the participants and 28 comments. Let’s have
a look at data analytics on some important questions we have
asked in our survey by considering gender and age category.
Fig. 2. Pie chart 1.
This is the most important question in our survey because
age category is the most important parameter that differentiates
opinions and perspectives on technology and social media and
smartphone addiction. It is also important to consider what
kind of audience is in our survey. From the Fig. , we can
observe that participants lying between age category between
21-19 have the highest proportion of 50 percentage when
compared to other age category and next highest age category
is between 18-20 with the proportion of 39.6 percentage and
followed by age group of 17 or younger (4.7 percentage)
and participants in remaining age category have the least
proportion of 0.9 percentage.
Fig. 3. Pie chart 2.
This is a straightforward question we have asked audiences
to have a look at how much do they spend daily using
smartphone apps and participants at least can have a bit of
thinking about how much time they are wasting on their
smartphone usage and how it killing their productivity and
performance. We can observe from Fig. 3, 32 percentage of
participants spend 3-5 hours on their smartphones which are
the highest proportion compared to others. The next highest
proportion (35 percentage) people claimed that they spend
around 1-3 hours and followed by 30 participants accounting
28.3 percentage claimed that they spend more than 5 hours. I
believe that these participants are too honest in their opinion.
Because in this contemporary world smartphone has now
become the first thing that people look at when they wake up in
the morning and the last thing that they look at before going
to sleep and remaining participants claimed that they spend
less than 1 hours and 1 hour which is reasonable because this
opinion was given by the category of 60 or older. It shows their
difference between the current generation and the previous
generation.
Fig. 4. Pie chart 3.

There must be a reason for everything. We have asked
people in our survey why you visit social media applications.
From Fig. 4, most of them claimed we use social media
websites to read the latest news updates with the highest
percentage of 70.8 percentage, which shows us how are people
are excited about things happening in the current world.
Participants of a total of 72 claimed that they visit to check out
what’s going with my friends with the highest percentage of
67.9 percentage. Here FOMO comes into place. I might feel
these participants are going through nervous feelings about
what my friends are doing and how they are missing out. The
remaining statistics say that 51.9 percentage of people visit to
follow their favorite stars and 32.1 percentage of people visit
to play games and update their posts on social media and 48
percentage of people claimed they visit for other purposes.
Fig. 5. Pie chart 4.
We have this above question to consider how social media
or smartphone is affecting our patience level. We are living
in this contemporary when time is everything and everyone
craves less time complexity in everything, but everyone is
failing to recognize that we are running out of patience which
is a very important skill to go ahead in life. From Fig. 5, 61.3
percentage of people claimed that they won’t get angry or
frustrated when social networking sites go down or unavailable
which is unrealistic. We have also considered that most of the
participants will not give honest answers because they want to
project themselves in this world in a good way. Around 38.7
percentage of people claimed yes. I believe that this percentage
of participants has given their honest opinion.
Fig. 6. Pie chart 5.
We have asked this question about how people want to
interact. What is there interests whether they like to interact
in person or online i.e real-world or virtual world.shockingly
from Fig. 6, 81 percentage of people claimed that they prefer to
interact people with face to face rather this virtual interaction
which also reasonable because these participants considered
safety, reliability, credibility issues. Whereas 19 percentage of
people said yes. I still believe that most of the participants
have not given an honest answer to this question.
Fig. 7. Pie chart 6.
I believe this is the most important question we have asked
the audience because I and my team are most interested in how
social media usage or smartphone usage affects relationships.
From Fig. 7, shockingly we can observe that 68.9 percentage
of people claimed that they were not spending time with their
family and friends as before which I believe is unrealistic
whereas 31.1 percentage of people say yes. Social media usage
has impacted our lives and we are not allocating time to their
family members and friends as before. I strongly believe that
social media usage has impacted relationships in a very bad
way.
Fig. 8. Pie chart 7.
Studying, working or just socializing might become
complex activities if they are carried out with smartphones.
Mobile applications are putting or creating potential dangers
to our safety. From the given data we can observe that
most people claimed that they won’t text or surf while
driving or any other activities that require focused attention
and concentration. Recent researches claim that the most
important ingredients to succeed in life and differentiates you

and others is “focused attention and concentration”. Whereas
from Fig. 8, 21.9 percentage of people claim that yes, we
are texting while driving and using smartphones while doing
activities that required focused attention and concentration.
We can understand the intention of the above question with
the help of the following data.
Fig. 9. Pie chart 8.
Are social media applications like Facebook, Instagram,
Snapchat, Twitter, etc. addictive? This question is buzzing
around the world. What is the truth? They are designed to be
addictive. These companies invested millions of dollars to read
human psychology. These companies did research on what
kind of content a teenager likes, a middle-age person likes,
and Oldman likes. They have analyzed the dopamine levels of
people in different situations. These companies always think
of one question “how to get people hooked to our app” They
showed us how with negative emotions like being lonely, or
bored or dissatisfied. They use them as internal triggers and get
people to try their app and stay there for as long as possible.
From the above data, we can observe from Fig. 9, that 80
percentage of people believe that social media applications are
designed to be addictive whereas remaining people believe that
it is not.
Fig. 10. Pie chart 9.
This is also a buzzing question around students. Using
social media is a different issue and how it impacts our
academic performance is another issue. This study examined
the relationship between social media use and academic per-
formance. Many studies have including my team research
also examined the relationship between social media use and
academic performance. Results show that heavy mobile social
media usage is positively related to a lower GPA. The strong
linear relationship suggests the more students use social media
the lower their grades will be. From the given data, we can
observe from Fig. 10 that around 75 percentage of people said
yes whereas the remaining 25 percentage of people said no. It
means by considering the heavy proportion people know the
truth that social media addiction has a negative correlation to
their academic performance.
Fig. 11. Pie chart 10.
We have taken a situation like a person is preparing for
his exams. He doesn’t have time to study and he is getting
continuous notifications to form WhatsApp, Instagram,
Facebook, etc. we have asked participants to choose one
answer. This is a too realistic situation everyone has gone
through. We have asked this question to check how a person
considers which is important studies or enjoyment. From Fig.
11, we can observe that most of them around 60 percentage
of people claim that they will switch off the phone and get
back to study. Whereas 23 percentage of people claim they
will answer to those notifications and they will decide to
study later. The least percentage of people claim they will
completely give up their exam and they will stick to their
phone .12.5 percentage of people didn’t’t want to answer the
question.
Here are some of the things it can help
•NO texting while driving. Make this as a RULE! This
is not only for you but also for the benefit and safety of
others. If you need to text, do it before or after you drive.
Risking your life just to give a quick response is beyond
foolish.
•No phone in the bathroom. Consider the vast amounts
of germs crawling on your phone. You may wash your
hands, but it defeats the purpose as soon as you start
handling that now dirty, germ-riddled phone
•When you step up to the counter to either order or check-
out, put the phone down and take care of business. There
are customers behind you, and they don’t want to hear
whatever. This is especially true in the Express Lane.

•When going to bed, no more falling into sleep while
staring at your screen. I know its fun to tweet and keep
up with high school friends on Facebook but we’re trying
to overcome an addiction here. Turn the phone off before
falling asleep.
•If you’re on a date, come to a mutual agreement that
you each will only check your phones every 90 minutes,
at the same time and for 5 minutes max.
Smartphones Monitoring Software Apps
•Nowadays we have a lot of Smart Phones Monitoring
Software Applications and it is very important to ensure
the safety of ourselves towards the Smart Phones.
•Few things like Smart Phones, Social Media Applications,
and the Internet ruins the life of the people into dangerous
and into illegal activities. Few tools work on Smart
Phones that help us to spy on social media activities,
messages, browsing history and the locations that are
related to real-time scenarios.
•There are various Smartphones Monitoring Software Ap-
plications.
•mSpy: It monitors text messages, WhatsApp, calls, loca-
tion, etc. always.
•Spyzie: It monitors other’s call history, browsing history,
Social Apps, media files and GPS Location.
•Highster Mobile: It is used to track messages and other
activities on iPhone/Android devices. It Secretly Monitors
Smart Phones remotely and virtually.
•FlexiSPY: It usually provides the solutions to track and
monitor Smart Phones activities both audio and video
easily.
•PhoneSheriff: It was specially designed for text mes-
sages monitoring and helps in location tracking.
•Mobile Spy Agent: This Software monitors the activities
and movements of the children.
•Spyera: It is mostly used by parents to spy on their
children. It can even intercept calls and snoop on kids.
•Screen Time Parental Control: It is used to analyze the
screen time spent by the kids and can also set time limits
for kids to use their devices.
•Norton Family Premier: This App helps the family to
explore the web safely and also helps the kids to manage
the time wisely between the studies and net browsing.
VIII. CONCLUSION
We found out that heavy smartphone usage is affecting our
lives in the following way.
Multitasking doesn’t work:
Multitasking simply doesn’t work and what we think is
multitasking is only task-switching. As we switch rapidly
from one task to another, we lose focus on both, our
productivity suffers, and we limit our chances of getting fully
in the zone where all magic resides.
It leads to mistakes and mediocrity:
We make many mistakes when switching tasks causing
almost 40 percentage loss in productivity if critical thinking
is required. And its little wonder that we feel exhausted and
disoriented after doing two tasks at the same time.
It causes stress and pain:
This repeated switching from task to task leads to anxiety
as we need to make lots of decisions. So, when you stop
your focus on a task to answer a call or email. You are
then faced with making a decision, no matter how small is
that? This decision overload takes its toll on us as it raises
our heart rate and moves us from the restful-relaxed mode
to the fight-or-flight mode. We become impulsive and start
making bad decisions. This, in turn, raises levels of the stress
hormone cortisol in the brain, which in turn can lead to
serious stress and depression.
It can lead to addiction:
Whenever we stop our focus on the project on hand and
look at how many likes we have Instagram, for example, we
feel this sense of accomplishment this creates a dopamine
addiction feedback loop .so our brains are being rewarded for
losing focus and getting distracted.
It can lead to memory loss:
When doing two things at the same time and both need our
focus, then, in reality, we are acting a bit as a drunk would
.we feel that we’re taking in what is being said but in reality,
we can’t remember much or apply the knowledge learned.
We feel disconnected and miss out on life and relation-
ships:
When doing two things at the same time, we are simply
missing out on the beauty that life has to offer us. We don’t
notice our surroundings or our environment. It’s like we are
missing in action in our own lives. Our eyes are open and yet
nothing is being registered in our brains. How can we see that
majestic oak trees in front of us, the seagulls flying in perfect
unison above or the clouds forming artistically like painting
on canvas while taking a walk and texting?
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