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Áreas Metropolitanas em Portugal - Avaliação do Processo e da Governança (Gov-M)
Abstract
O GOV-M teve como objectivo avaliar o processo de consolidação/instituição e da governança multinível das Áreas Metropolitanas (AM’s) em Portugal. O projecto desdobrou-se em várias análises, designadamente: (1) à evolução histórica da administração regional; (2) aos paroxismos do modelo vigente no quadro actual paradigma de desenvolvimento regional europeu; (3) à evolução jurídica de tal modelo; (4) ao financiamento metropolitano; e (5) à relação governo-governança (multinível) no quadro da Lei 75/2013 e na perspectiva dos actores locais.
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Sustainable development implies a balanced approach between the environmental, economic and social dimensions. However, the mobilization of such balance by political practices has always been a fragile and complex exercise, constrained at the political processes, by conflicting priorities and agendas. In the European Union (EU) and Portugal as a Member State, such influence between political processes and practices is particularly pertinent in a framework of experimentation of multilevel governance as a new paradigm and territory as a factor of rationality of public policies. In this sense, this paper analyzes the regional models of sustainability governance which resulted from the first Integrated Territorial Development Strategies (ITDS) elaborated in Portugal for the 2014-2020 Community Cycle. Sustaining methodologically in the content analysis at 23 ITDS, it was concluded that sustainable development was mobilized according to three models: 1.) one that demonstrates the logic of territorial cohesion (bottom up projection of endogenous natural resources); 2.) one that demonstrates a logic of ecological modernization (top-down assertion of the Europe 2020 strategy in terms of maximizing funding); and 3.) a hybrid between the first two. According to these models, it was sought to contribute to public policies, evidencing the discussion of the governance of sustainability and the resulting political strategies.
Resumo Portugal encontra-se em um novo quadro comunitário (2014-2020) e político-administrativo, resultado do redesenho da arquitetura institucional que criou as entidades intermunicipais (Lei nº 75/2013). Tal contexto implica uma recente política territorial cujo objetivo é a territorialização das políticas em função de um novo glossário instrumental de desenvolvimento. Este artigo, por meio de uma revisão da literatura nacional e internacional, assim como da interpretação de alguns documentos estratégicos, faz o levantamento desse glossário do desenvolvimento, colocando em questão uma problemática: agendas abertas e participadas versus instrumentos de “código elaborado”; propósitos “inovadores” versus meios “ritualistas”; enfim, territorialização versus neoinstitucionalização das políticas públicas. Propõe-se, assim, em conclusão, que o novo quadro nacional, português e comunitário, encontra importantes limitações em função de políticas cujos objetivos/fins são territoriais e centrados nas pessoas, mas os instrumentos/meios são concebidos como institucionais e geridos por peritos. Tais conclusões colocam a governação multinível em questão, implicando um acompanhamento investigativo das relações ideal/real entre sociedade e estado e da distância entre participação esperada e real.
The Public Policy Process is essential reading for anyone trying to understand the process by which public policy is made. Explaining clearly the importance of the relationship between theoretical and practical aspects of policy-making, the book gives a thorough overview of the people and organisations involved in the process. Fully revised and updated for a 7th edition, The Public Policy Process provides: Clear exploration, using many illustrations, of how policy is made and implemented. A new chapter on comparative theory and methods. New material on studying advocacy coalitions, policy changes, governance, and evaluation. More European and international examples. This edition appears at a time when its concern to emphasise the complex implications of modern ‘governance’, and the way in which the ultimate outcome of a new policy initiative will depend on policy formulation and implementation processes, is particularly relevant to the UK government’s efforts to leave the European Union.
A Política de Coesão Econômica, Social e Territorial (PCEST) da UE responde por cerca de um terço do orçamento do bloco e foi desenhada no sentido de causar impactos socioeconômicos e políticos - aumento da participação democrática no âmbito comunitário. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a influência da política de coesão europeia no tocante à evolução da Governação Multinível em Portugal e em suas regiões. Mais especificamente, procura-se analisar a atuação e a inter-relação entre os diversos atores envolvidos no processo de implementação (UE-DG-Regio, Governo Central, autoridades subnacionais e sociedade civil), seu grau de participação e as diferenças entre as regiões continentais e autônomas portuguesas. São destacados avanços e dificuldades do processo de implementação – no contexto do que foi conceituado como um processo de governança multinível assimétrica.
http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-6336_12_3
The editors have produced an authoritative and comprehensive guide to multi-level governance. The book ranges across the domestic context, supraregionalism and global governance - all filtered through a sophisticated analytical framework and attention to policy detail. There is no better place to go than this book for a guide to the topic. An outstanding accomplishment. © Henrik Enderlein, Sonja Wälti and Michael Zürn 2010. All rights reserved.
This book explores the theoretical issues, empirical evidence, and normative debates elicited by the concept of multi-level governance (MLG). The concept is a useful descriptor of decision-making processes that involve the simultaneous mobilization of public authorities at different jurisdictional levels as well as that of non-governmental organizations and social movements. It has become increasingly relevant with the weakening of territorial state power and effectiveness and the increase in international interdependencies which serve to undermine conventional governmental processes. This book moves towards the construction of a theory of multi-level governance by defining the conceptual contours of this term, identifying the processes that can uniquely be denoted by it, and discussing the normative issues that are raised by its diffusion, particularly in the European Union. Three policy areas are investigated to prove the usefulness of MLG as a theoretical and empirical concept-cohesion, environment, higher education-with particular reference to two member-states, the UK and Germany. Finally, both the input and output legitimacy of multi-level governance decisions and arrangements and its contribution to EU democracy are discussed. The book concludes by theorizing that as state sovereignty is pooled upwards, lower level jurisdictions are induced to participate in policy-making "as if" they promoted private, particular interests, while civil society organizations are encouraged to participate in policy-making "as if" they were public, general interests. It further suggests that legitimacy problems may be addressed all the more effectively the more subnational authorities develop strong linkages with civil society.
