In recent times, particles of synthetic microfibers have been ubiquitously noticed in a broad range of shapes, sizes, polymers, and also concentrations in the various segments of our natural environment. Research on environmental occurrence, physicochemical properties, impact on biota and ecosystems, and sustainable remediation of synthetic microfibers is being carried out worldwide. Synthetic fibers are preferred over natural fibers due to their widespread availability, durability, and affordability. Although synthetic microfibers have many advantages, they have many disadvantages such as nonrenewable, nonbiodegradable and are made up of harmful chemicals that are detrimental to our environment and human health. In addition to regenerated cellulosic fibers like viscose or rayon, triacetate fiber, bamboo fiber, and diacetate fibers, man-made microfibers like polyolefin, polyester, acrylic, and nylon are also considered as synthetic microfibers. It is reported that every year 2MT of microfibers were introduced into the sea. After entering into rivers and oceans, these fibers absorb heavy metals, toxic chemicals, and oil which are present in water bodies and become fatal. Currently, numerous studies document the negative impact of microfibers on terrestrial, marine ecosystem, and food webs as well as on human health. Due to the tiny size of these microfibers, small fish unintentionally swallow them as food, depositing in their gills, intestines, and liver. These contaminated fish are then eaten by larger aquatic species. This kind of feeding allows the spread of these harmful microfibers from one species to another through the food chain. Microfibers that are released from synthetic clothing during washing at home are the primary source of marine microplastic contamination. Six kgs of synthetic garments produce around 700,000 MFs in a single wash in domestic laundering. It is estimated that 1100 tons of synthetic fibers with polymer composition of polyethylene, polyamide, acrylic, and polypropylene are released by synthetic textile factories each year. Smaller microfiber particles are produced by the fragmentation of larger microfiber in aquatic environment. Abrasion of tires and wastewater treatment plants are also potential microfibers sources. So, to know microfibers’ effect on environment, it is necessary to detect and characterize them. The most trustworthy technique used for the characterization and identification of microfiber pollutants is the spectroscopic technique. Microfibers are synthetic fibers, with a diameter of less than 10 micrometers and finer than one denier. Fibers are categorized into two types, that is, staple fiber and filament (based on length-to-diameter ratio). Exposure to organic microfiber dust for an extended period of time and at a high dose, both through skin contact and inhalation, is harmful to the epithelial growth and it can cause allergies, lung disease, and respiratory illness in textile workers. The techniques mainly used nowadays for the removal of microplastics are physical, chemical, and biological processes. Coagulation, filtration, and sedimentation are the main physical removal techniques. Similar to that, photocatalytic oxidation and oxidation removal are used in chemical treatment technology. Cora Ball and lint filters are used to reduce the release of microfibers into the aquatic sources. Similarly, electrocoagulation and the use of Fe3O4 nanoparticles are the emerging techniques used for the remediation.