El Abrazo de la Mariposa Método de Terapia EMDR para la Autoadministración de Estimulación Bilateral
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Abstract
Este documento es la versión actualizada escrita por Lucina Artigas creadora del Abrazo de la Mariposa.
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This transitional period experiences significant changes that may be followed by various crises as it relates to identity formation, self-image, body image. Self-acceptance can help adolescents achieve a more positive self. Butterfly hug therapy is one way to increase self-acceptance. This study aims to determine the effect of butterfly hug therapy on self-acceptance in high school students. Quantitative methods with a pseudo-experimental design were used in this study. Involving 34 high school students, data were obtained using a self-acceptance scale. The data collected were then analyzed with the results of the study showing that: 1) independent sample t-test, obtained a sig value. (2-tailed) of 0.000 <0.05 which means there is a difference in the average self-acceptance results between the experimental class of butterfly hug therapy and the control class. Hypothesis testing shows that H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected with the research hypothesis that there is an effect of increasing self-acceptance in adolescent girls who are treated with butterfly hug therapy; 2) Spearman rank test on the experimental group showed a correlation coefficient of 0.922**. This means that the level of relationship strength (correlation) between the experimental class posttest results and the experimental class sustain effect is 0.922 or very strong. It can be concluded that the treatment given has a long-term effect with a range of 1 week after treatment.
The Butterfly Hug Method is a non-pharmacological therapeutic intervention that is used to return the hyperaroused mind into a relaxed state. However, a small number of studies have been conducted to examine the effects of the butterfly hug method to the mental health status of senior citizens. This study aimed to determine the Effects of the Butterfly Hug Method on the Mental Health Status of Senior Citizens. The study employed quantitative true-experimental research design. The study was conducted in a selected healthcare facility located in Caloocan City, Philippines. Simple random sampling was utilized to select and divide the participants into two groups, experimental group and control group. The sample was composed of 10 participants. Data were collected using the adopted tools, Patient Health Questionnaire - 9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder - 7 (GAD-7). Data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, particularly mean and standard deviation. Inferential statistics was utilized, particularly using paired t-test and independent sample t-test. There is no significant difference between the post test results of the control group and the experimental group. Both interventions, Standard of Care (Physical Activity) and Butterfly Hug Method, were effective in reducing the levels of anxiety and depression in senior citizens. Both interventions were able to reduce the level of anxiety and depression in senior citizens. Regardless that there is no significant difference between the effectiveness of the standard of care in the control group and the butterfly hug method in the experimental group, it has been established that the score and level of depression and anxiety of the participants in the experimental group was reduced. Thus, the Butterfly Hug Method is beneficial to senior citizens in improving the levels of their mental health status.
Background: Patients who experience cardiac arrest outside the hospital are very unlikely to survive; survival decreases by 7-10% if patients are not given proper treatment. Immediate handling by people around the victim, called bystanders, can be carried out. Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of bystander CPR simulation and butterfly hug therapy on improving the ability of Muhammadiyah high school students, Gorontalo, to provide emergency assistance for cardiac arrest due to disasters. Methods: The method used was a Quasi-Experiment with One Group Pre-test and Post-Test approach with a sample of 24 respondents. Results: The results showed an increase in scores from the median value of 14 to 29. Some of the increases were in a good category, namely four respondents (16.7%), and a very good category with one respondent (4.2%). The results of further analysis obtained a significance value of 0.000 (p <0.05). Conclusion: All in all, the simulation of bystander CPR and butterfly hug therapy positively and significantly improves the ability of Muhammadiyah high school students to provide emergency assistance for cardiac arrest due to disasters.
Introduction: Anxiety related to a long-distance relationship with parents is an unpleasant emotional reaction when away from parents that can cognitively interfere with feelings and emotions caused by feelings of loneliness and longing for home. One of the ways to reduce anxiety is a butterfly hug. Methods Using quasi-experimental with the control group and pre-posttest design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The sample consisted of 60 respondents divided into a control group of 30 respondents and an intervention group of 30 respondents. Using the Zung Self-Anxiety Rating Scale for the instrument. The intervention group received a butterfly hug for 6 days in 8 sessions every day, and the control group received music therapy for 6 days. Bivariate analysis used the parametric test paired sample t-test to see the difference between the prepost-test intervention group and to see the difference between the prepost-test control group on the anxiety level using the nonparametric Wilcoxon test. Analysis of bivariate test to see the difference between groups using the independent sample t-test. Result: The results of the Wilcoxon test of the anxiety level control group p=0,274 (p=>0,05), meanwhile the results of the intervention group of the paired sample t-test intervention group there was a significant effect (p=0,000). The results of the independent sample t-test between the control and intervention groups were p=0,001 (p=<0,05). Conclusions: Butterfly hug therapy is an effective therapy to reduce anxiety in LDR with parents in nursing students. This therapy is expected to be applied and used as an intervention to reduce anxiety.
The problem that often occurs in the elderly is anxiety. Anxiety can lead to cognitive impairment, mood disorders, and other emotional disabilities. Butterfly Hug is a non-pharmacological therapy to reduce anxiety levels. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the butterfly hug on the level of anxiety in the elderly. The research design was a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre and post test design approach. The study population was 60 people and a sample of 18 respondents was used using a purposive sampling technique. Anxiety level instrument using the GAI questionnaire. Data analysis using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the pre-test showed that half of the respondents (50.0%) experienced severe anxiety, half of the respondents (50.0%) experienced moderate anxiety. The post-test results showed that half of the respondents (50.0%) experienced moderate anxiety and half of the respondents (50.0%) experienced mild anxiety. p-value 0.003 and = 0.05 (0.003 0.05) meaning that there is an influence of the Butterfly Hug on the level of anxiety in the elderly. The Butterfly Hug is done by gently clapping hands, which gives a comfortable sensation while breathing. This method can activate LHPA, stimulate the hypothalamus and CRH hormone secretion. ACTH is activated and stimulates the production of serotonin and endorphin hormones which make you feel relaxed and safe, so that anxiety decreases. It is recommended to use the Butterfly Hug as an alternative to reduce the level of anxiety in the elderly at UPT PSTW Jombang-Kediri.
The aim objective of this field trial was to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of the Acute Stress Syndrome Stabilization Remote Individual (ASSYST-RI) procedure in decreasing the levels of subjective perceived disturbance produced by the psychological distress or physiological reactivity of recent adverse experiences (e.g., kidnappings, COVID-19-related distress, interpersonal violence). A total of 48 participants (39 females and 9 males) ranging in ages from 18 to 67 years old (M=37.1 years) received one-single ASSYST-RI session of 50 minutes average duration. Participation was voluntary with the participants’ verbal informed consent in accordance with the Mental Capacity Act 2005. The telemental health counseling was in compliance with the American Psychological Association (APA) Guidelines for the Practice of Telepsychology. A pre-post design was applied comparing the subjective units of disturbance (SUD) means using a within t-test analysis. Results showed significant differences with a large effect size. Pre-test (M = 8.27, SD = 1.69) and post-test (M = 1.45, SD = 1.66), Cohen’s d =3.32. This field trial provides preliminary evidence on the ASSYST-RI feasibility and effectiveness in decreasing the levels of subjective perceived disturbance produced by the psychological distress or physiological reactivity of recent adverse experiences.
The aim of this longitudinal multisite randomized controlled trial (RCT), using a treatment as usual (TAU) control group design, was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Acute Stress Syndrome Stabilization Remote for Groups (ASSYST-RG) procedure in reducing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and anxiety symptoms in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Mexico. A total of 63 adults (60 females and 3 males) met the inclusion criteria. Participants’ ages ranged from 21 to 73 years old (M =43.09 years). Significant differences between groups were found in all variables. Differences between groups were maintained at follow up assessment. ANOVA for repeated-measures (pre-treatment, post-treatment and follow-up) showed that the ASSYST-RG had a significant effect to reduce Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (F (2, 122) = 22.40 p <.000, ηP2 = .269). Anxiety and depression showed a significant interaction effect for time and group (F (1, 61) = 8.89, p <.00, ηP2= .127) and (F (2, 122) = 35.04, p <.001, ηP2 = .365) respectively. No adverse effects or events were reported by the participants during the procedure administration or at three months follow-up while all participants were still in lockdown. None of the participants showed clinically significant worsening/exacerbation of symptoms after the procedure. This randomized controlled trial provides evidence for the effectiveness, efficacy, feasibility, and safety of the ASSYST-RG in reducing posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression symptoms in the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.
This longitudinal multicenter randomized controlled trial has three objectives 1) to evaluate the EMDR-PRECI in the remission of the PTSD Diagnosis on female minors who were victims of sexual and/or physical violence compared to treatment as usual (TAU), 2) to evaluate the effectiveness of the EMDR-PRECI in the reduction of the PTSD, anxiety, and depression symptoms of the participants compared with TAU, and 3) to expand the knowledge on the existing correlation between the PCL-5 core criteria for PTSD provisional diagnosis and the CAPS-5 PTSD clinical diagnosis on this population. The study was conducted in 2019 in the cities of Puebla, Mexico, and Mexico City, in three sites of a non-profit organization who provide services to women in vulnerable situations. A total of 32 minors met the inclusion criteria. Participants' ages ranged from 12 to 17 years old (M =15.35 years old). Participation was voluntary with the participant's and their legal guardian's consent. It is relevant to mention that 31 of the 32 participants were pregnant during treatment with an average of 24.63 weeks (6.15 months) of pregnancy. All patients in the EMDR treatment group did not meet PTSD diagnostic criteria after treatment and at 90-days-follow-up assessments, while all patients in the TAU group maintained their PTSD baseline clinical diagnosis after treatment and at 90-days-follow-up assessments. Analyses of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measurements were used for PTSD, Anxiety and Depression; t test and Cohen´s d effect size were calculated using within and between designs for the different measurements. ANOVA revealed a significant effect for time (F (2, 52) = 149.53 p <.001, η P 2 =.852), for group (F (1, 26 = 140.71, p<.001, η P 2 =.844) and Anxiety scores showed a significant effect for time (F (1, 26) = 32.89, p <.001, η P 2 =.559) and a significant interaction effect between time and group (F (1, 26) = 17.37, p <.001, η P 2 =.401) showed the decrease for the treatment group. For the depression scores significant effects were found for time (F (1, 26) = 21.77, p <. 001, η P 2 =.456. Results also showed significant interaction effects between time and group. (F (1, 26) = 6.17, p <.05, η P 2 =.192). No significant effects for TAU group were founded. The study results indicate that the administration of the EMDR-PRECI could be a feasible, cost-effective, and time-efficient therapy to address PTSD diagnosis, and PTSD, anxiety and depression symptoms in this population.
Experiencing cancer is a peculiar stressor within the infrastructure of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) because this debilitating disease involves ongoing stressors and is both acute and potentially chronic. The experience can include a wide range of associated adverse events, such as tumor detection, diagnosis, severity of disease, and prognosis; aggressive treatment; disfigurement and bodily dysfunction; side effects of treatment; impaired physical, social, and occupational functioning; and sometimes, recurrence and diagnosis of terminal illness. This article provides a detailed description of the clinical application of the Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Integrative Group Treatment Protocol (EMDR-IGTP) Adapted for Adolescents and Adults Living with Ongoing Traumatic Stress for the patients with cancer. This protocol administers the eight phases of EMDR individual treatment to a group of patients using an art therapy format (i.e., drawings) and the butterfly hug (a self-administered bilateral stimulation method to process traumatic material). A previous study (Jarero et al., 2015) showed that after 6 sessions of EMDR-IGTP, there was a significant decrease in PTSD symptoms related to the diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancer in adult women. Effects were maintained at 90-day follow-up. In this article, we discuss how this protocol can be used to effectively provide intensive EMDR treatment to large groups of patients, and we provide detailed instructions for its provision to address one of the major psychological dimensions of cancer: the ongoing traumatic stress responses experienced by patients with cancer. A clinical example illustrates the treatment process.