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Abstract

The development of psychology has been significantly marked by the field of psychological measurement. During the last years the interest in studying the role of religious and spiritual aspects in mental health of the people in Puerto Rico has been reborn. However, until now there has been no review of religious and spiritual measures validated in Puerto Rico. Therefore, the objective of this article is to review in detail the diversity of religious and spiritual measures that have been validated in the Puerto Rican population with the objective of evaluating the state of psychological measurement in the field of the psychology of religion and spirituality in Puerto Rico. Several databases, psychology journals, dissertations and books were reviewed to expand the size of the results. The review revealed a total of ten instruments published in professional journals and 18 instruments documented in unpublished projects. The implications, limitations and future investigations for the scientific advance of the study of the religious and spiritual phenomenon in Puerto Rico are discussed.




 


 















          
           
          




      













          
       
      

      
 

      
 















         


     

  
         
  
 
       


             
   
    

          










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




 
        
         


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





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

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
 


 

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
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


  
      






      

     
     
   
           
    






        
 

      
  

















 
  
     
     
  

           
         


  




       
       
        
          



        
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        
      
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
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



        
     

    
        






 


 





        

 
          
      
 




 

        






 




        
        
      

 
     


       
        
      

 
 








        
        
        
        
     


        


     
   
        


 
        
        
    

    
 




         
       


           
        

     
    
     
         


         

         





       











 










     
           
       

        
          
        
   
   
  


         







  





        


         
       


        
  


 
    
          

      
 


  


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
 
      






  
     
      












          


     
         
  


        

  
        















    
  
 





 


 


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
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
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


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


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
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












































 


 
 
      
  



  
    
       


 
        
        
         
         

        
        
       
          






 


 











































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




































 


 








































































 











        
        

        
           
          
         

       
       

   

     


      
   


         


          
       
        


  
       
        
   
     




      

 



        
         


          

         
    
   
        
         

   
     

        

         


       
 
      



          
        
         
     


 
  

 
   




       


 


 

 
 









 


 

  

 
     
       
 
  




    
        
         
      
  

     


         



            
      
   
        


 







          
        
 





       
      


   

      
        


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
        
         
         


          





         




    
      
       
          






   
  





     
 
       









 



     
 


        
       





        
     




  
      
 



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


   


     
   
 
 

 


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
     
 
 




   

 





         
        
      





  
       

  
 
 






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





  
    
  
  







    


 
    


      
 


   
    
    
   




  


   





       
          
 






 


 

  
   






           

     
     
  








 



  
   
 




       
     








   





 
 
   
       
 
  
 



  

  
  

    


     




 
 
  

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
      

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
  
   
 
       
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
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
  
   
 
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


  
   
 
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

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 
   



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
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
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   
     

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
   
    
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
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 

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



   
      






   
       



     
    
   
    
      

       
       







         





 
      

   
  




         
  
   
 
 










  
     
  
   






   
    

    

  
 
 
  

       
   
  
  


 

  

 


   
   
 
    





 


 


       
   
  







        









     



       



         

      
        
 


     
  
    
      
       
  
   

    




     






   








      
 












  
   
  

 


    
   

            
 
   
  






       
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    
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   

... Según lo documentado en este capítulo nos gustaría mencionar que hay un ambiente próspero y floreciente para continuar desplegando toda una serie de intereses en la creación y validación de instrumentos relacionados a la PP en Puerto Rico. Los hallazgos de esta revisión son consistentes con otras investigaciones de revisión de instrumentos de medición en Puerto Rico los cuales sugieren un progreso considerable en el campo (Herrans, 2000;Pagán-Torres & González-Rivera, 2019;Roca-de-Torres, 2001;2008;Rodríguez-Gómez, 2019). Ante las multivariadas áreas a tomar en consideración, y acorde con lo mencionado por López et al. (2015), se requiere explorar los instrumentos existentes relacionados a la disciplina de la PP con diferentes muestras puertorriqueñas. ...
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En este capítulo presentamos una revisión de instrumentos validados en Puerto Rico de constructos pertenecientes al campo de la psicología positiva (PP). Se proveen descripciones breves de cada instrumento con el objetivo de familiarizar a las personas lectoras con los instrumentos disponibles. Para cumplir estos objetivos, revisamos una variedad de revistas arbitradas, libros y disertaciones doctorales en Puerto Rico para ampliar el margen de los resultados. Identificamos un total de 34 escalas de autorreporte de constructos pertenecientes a la PP que han sido validadas en el contexto puertorriqueño. Los resultados de esta revisión sugieren un progreso considerable en el desarrollo y validación de instrumentos de medición de constructos estudiados en la PP en el contexto de Puerto Rico. No obstante, los hallazgos sugieren que aún la psicología en Puerto Rico carece de una notable cantidad de instrumentos de medición que representen la totalidad de los constructos estudiados en la PP.
... Invito a los lectores a analizar por su propia cuenta las revisiones narrativas y bibliométricas más recientes sobre el estudio científico de la R/E en la salud mental en Puerto Rico (González-Rivera, et al., 2019;Pagán-Torres et al., 2017a;Pagán-Torres, et al., 2017b;Pagán-Torres, et al., 2019d). A partir de los estudios documentados se sugiere que la religión organizada en Puerto Rico puede tener un impacto positivo o negativo en la salud mental. ...
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Este artículo tiene el objetivo de exponer un análisis crítico sobre los planteamientos expuestos por el Dr. Hernández-Pereira en su reacción a mi artículo "Dios, Religión y Desastres Naturales". Luego, concluyo exponiendo una breve reflexión sobre mi visión del estudio científico de la religión y la espiritualidad y su importancia para la psicología puertorriqueña.
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En años recientes se han realizado numerosos esfuerzos para construir alianzas que faciliten la colaboración entre disciplinas y escuelas de pensamiento con el objeto de explicar la conducta humana de manera integrada. Un ejemplo de este diálogo colaborativo han sido las investigaciones sobre religión y espiritualidad en el contexto de la psicología positiva. Por consiguiente, este capítulo tiene como objetivo discutir la relación entre la psicología positiva (PP) y la psicología de la religión y la espiritualidad (PRE). Esperamos discutir los aspectos comunes que comparten ambos campos en términos de su desarrollo histórico, objetivos y variables de estudio con el fin de promover una mirada integradora entre ambas subdisciplinas, así como también reflexionar sobre posibles colaboraciones que puedan tener implicaciones para la práctica de la psicología y la investigación. También, documentamos los adelantos realizados en el contexto de Puerto Rico sobre investigaciones de religión y espiritualidad con variables de la PP. Consideramos que este capítulo representa una contribución significativa dado que es la primera publicación que reflexiona y promueve una alianza entre la PP y la PRE en el contexto de Puerto Rico para promover futuras investigaciones bajo este enfoque.
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La enseñanza de la diversidad social y cultural es un aspecto fundamental en la formación de profesionales de la psicología y en el ejercicio de la profesión. La religión y espiritualidad (R/E) son aspectos de la diversidad humana y, por lo tanto, requieren de adiestramiento clínico especializado. En años recientes el estudio científico de la R/E en la psicología en Puerto Rico ha incrementado. No obstante, aún resta por conocer si este campo de estudio se ha transferido al contexto académico a través del desarrollo de cursos especializados sobre aspectos de diversidad religiosa y espiritual. Por consiguiente, este artículo tiene dos objetivos: 1) exponer un breve trasfondo histórico sobre la enseñanza de aspectos de diversidad religiosa y espiritual en la psicología en Puerto Rico a través de una investigación basada en una recopilación documental y 2) presentar una revisión descriptiva sobre la disponibilidad de cursos especializados en aspectos de diversidad religiosa y espiritual en la psicología a lo largo de las universidades y organizaciones profesionales del país. Consideramos que este trabajo representa una contribución importante a la disciplina, dado que visibiliza, concientiza y promueve el adiestramiento clínico especializado sobre R/E en etapas tempranas del desarrollo académico.
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This chapter reviews the more than 100 meta-analyses and systematic reviews of relations between religion/spirituality (R/S) and health that have been published in refereed journals, a far larger number than is generally recognized. The 118 published reviews identified by 2017 were categorized as quantitative meta-analyses (n = 33), qualitative meta-syntheses (n = 7), meta-analyses of case studies (n = 1), or simple systematic reviews (n = 77). They addressed a wide range of substantive topics relevant to every major public health subfield, and incorporated a mean of 33.5 studies per review. Collectively authored by more than 200 distinct individuals, the reviews were published in 83 different journals, 20 in the category of public health. Multiple reviews were published by 14 journals, a majority possessing impact factors above 2.0. Reviewing empirical studies of R/S-health is clearly a very broad-based enterprise not limited to a few individuals or journals. Collectively, the reviews greatly strengthen the case, based on Hill’s criteria, that R/S exerts a causative influence on health. The case for causal influence may now be compelling, and in most cases R/S involvement is associated with better health, although negative associations also exist. Further investigation is warranted to explore the possibility that R/S is a “fundamental cause” of health that maintains an association even when intervening mediating pathways change. This possibility is consistent with the dynamic understandings of R/S presented elsewhere in this volume.