No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the authors.
Utilization of diode laser therapy with wavelength 904nm during pregnancy: A preliminary study
Abstract
The wide use of laser in medicine and surgery make it a well-known tool in all fields of medicine, which lead the physicians to put quires whether it may have side effects on the body as a whole and on the gestation and the fetus especially. The purpose of the being study is to explore the accessible confirmation to delimit the protection of laser therapy during the pregnancy and supporting of utilising the diode laser when selected in the therapy of cases followed the gestation. Twenty-eight local adult females' rabbits employed in the present study, they were preserved naturally, furthermore formerly divided into four groups. For each group seven rabbits. The laser sours used was a diode laser with wavelength 904 nm, Continuous operations, power density (2X10-3 watt/mm 2). The period of radiation was 15 min/session by direct contact of the window of the laser sours to the area of the pelvis. The 1 st. group radiated during the 1 st. week of gestation after the copulation directly, 2 nd. group radiated at the beginning of the 2 nd. week of gestation, 3 rd. group radiated at the beginning of the 3 rd. week of gestation and 4 th. group was radiated at the beginning of 4 th. week of gestation. The average length of gestation for the females rabbits employed in this study was between 29-32 days and they gave birth to 2-6 litters in a sex average between males and females. The outcomes revealed that the laser irradiation didn`t create any side effect or clinical symptoms during the period of a whole gestation. It was found that the laser radiation didn`t elongate or shorten the course of gestation, on the reverse it remains at its normal limits. In addition, the numbers of litters remain at normal limits. There were no abortions or abnormalities in the litters. The percentage of males compared with females outlive at normal values. A conclusion can be progressed that the diode laser is innocuous enough to be applied if needed to treat pregnant females throughout the period of gestation externally any fear of abortion or deformities.
... Alumina head fracture rates range from Zero percentage for ceramics made past 1990 to 13.4% for ceramics made before 1990. Prior to 1994, elevated fracturing levels of Al 2 O 3 heads had been triggered when low-density Al 2 O 3 with a very rough microstructure had been used [24,25]. ...
... Within whole knee replacements, Al 2 O 3 is being used for parts that approach into contact with bone, while the blend of Al 2 O 3 and EHMWPE is used within slipping regions. Polyethylene contamination in these devices causes significantly more serious problems than it does in hip implants [24,26]. Al 2 O 3 isn't the best material designed for orthopaedic applications. ...
This article discusses the composition, structure, mechanical properties, and biological applications of alumina (Al2O3). Implants are made of single crystal sapphire or high-density, high-quality polycrystalline aluminium oxide. The principal sources of high-purity aluminium oxide are organic corundum and bauxite. Like any other component, the mechanical characteristics of polycrystalline alumina are mostly governed by grain size and porosity distribution. The fatigue intensity of alumina could be enhanced above the critical pressure because of the presence of liquid, which slows subcritical crack growth. Alumina has substantial advantages over other products in biomedical applications due to its high inertness, which leads to superior biocompatibility and tissue non-sensitization. The higher compressive strength than tensile strength allows it to be more efficient for compression load just like artificial joints and teeth. Some attempts have been made to cover steel substrates with alumina to take advantage of its excellent biocompatibility and resistance to metal oxidation.
In half of the cases, the infertility of the couple is due to the disorder of the male fertility. The leading factors that cause male infertility are urogenital infections, disorders of the immune system, testicular and prostate pathology, as well as endocrine disorders.
Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a very effective physical therapy method, used in many areas of medicine, including obstetrics and gynaecology, andrology and urology; and it is recommended as an integral part of the complex treatment of infertility.
The literature review showed that LLLT is beneficial in treating male infertility. Laser can significantly improve the survival, motility and speed of movement of spermatozoa. Laser therapy of patients with prostatitis and vesiculitis can eliminate infiltrative-exudative changes, improve reproductive and copulatory functions. Local illumination of red (635 nm) and infrared (904 nm) spectra should be combined with intravenous laser blood illumination (ILBI) of red (635 nm) and ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm) spectra.
Background and aim:
Fractional CO2 lasers have been shown to provide improvement of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). The aim of the current study was to assess the early effect of a fractional CO2 laser system in treating postmenopausal women with clinical symptoms of VVA.
Methods:
28 healthy post-menopausal women (mean age 60.1 ± 5.55 years) with VVA-related symptoms were treated with fractional CO2 laser 3 times, in 4-week intervals. At each study visit, VHIS score and VVA symptom severity were recorded. Sexual function was assessed with the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI).
Results:
One month following the first laser treatment, the mean VHIS score was significantly improved (13.89 ± 4.25 vs. baseline 11.93 ± 3.82; p < 0.05), and improved further at 3 and 6 months following all three laser treatments (16.43 ± 4.20 and 17.46 ± 4.07, respectively). Almost all VVA symptoms were significantly improved at one month following the first treatment. A further significant improvement in VVA symptoms was noted at 3 and 6 months following the third laser treatment. Following treatments, the FSFI score increased significantly (22.36 ± 10.40 vs. baseline 13.78 ± 7.70; p < 0.05), and remained significantly higher than baseline at the 3- and 6-month follow-up visits.
Conclusion:
CO2 laser therapy for post-menopausal women can be considered an effective therapeutic option providing relief of symptoms already noted after one laser treatment.
Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fractional CO2 laser therapy in breast cancer survivors as a therapeutic method for vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) dyspareunia.
Methods
50 patients (mean age 53.3 years) underwent fractional microablative CO2 laser treatment for dyspareunia in oncological menopause (mean time of menopause 6.6 years). The Gloria Bachmann’s Vaginal Health Index (VHI) score was chosen as system to evaluate the presence of VVA and its improvement after the treatment. Intensity of dyspareunia was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS).
Results
Data indicated a significant improvement in VVA dyspareunia (p < 1.86e−22) in breast cancer survivors who had undergone 3 sessions of vaginal fractional CO2 laser treatment. Moreover, VHI scores were significantly higher 30 days post-treatment (T4) (p < 0.0001). 76 % of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the treatment results. The majority (52 %) of patients were satisfied after a long-term follow-up (mean time 11 months). No adverse events due to fractional CO2 laser treatment occurred.
Conclusions
The treatment with fractionated CO2 laser appeared to be a feasible and effective treatment for VVA dyspareunia in breast cancer survivors with contraindications to hormonal treatments.
Periodontitis represents a highly prevalent health problem, causing severe functional impairment, reduced quality of life and increased risk of systemic disorders, including respiratory, cardiovascular and osteoarticular diseases, diabetes and fertility problems. It is a typical example of a multifactorial disease, where a polymicrobial infection inducing chronic inflammation of periodontal tissues is favoured by environmental factors, life style and genetic background. Since periodontal pathogens can colonise poorly vascularised niches, antiseptics and antibiotics are typically associated with local treatments to manage the defects, with unstable outcomes especially in early-onset cases. Here, the results of a retrospective study are reported, evaluating the efficacy of a protocol (Periodontal Biological Laser-Assisted Therapy, Perioblast™) by which microbial profiling of periodontal pockets is used to determine the extent and duration of local neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser irradiation plus conventional treatment. The protocol was applied multicentrically on 2683 patients, and found to produce a significant and enduring improvement of all clinical and bacteriological parameters, even in aggressive cases. Microbiome sequencing of selected pockets revealed major population shifts after treatment, as well as strains potentially associated with periodontitis in the absence of known pathogens. This study, conducted for the first time on such a large series, clearly demonstrates long-term efficacy of microbiology-driven non-invasive treatment of periodontal disease.
Significance
The human sex ratio has long interested cell biologists, developmental biologists, demographers, epidemiologists, evolutionary biologists, gynecologists, and statisticians. Nonetheless, the trajectory of the human sex ratio from conception to birth has been poorly characterized. We present the most comprehensive analysis of this trajectory ever done. Our dataset is the largest ever assembled to estimate the sex ratio at conception and is the first, to our knowledge, to include data from 3- to- 6-d-old embryos, induced abortions, chorionic villus sampling, amniocentesis, and fetal deaths and live births. Our results indicate that the sex ratio at conception is unbiased, the proportion of males increases during the first trimester, and total female mortality during pregnancy exceeds total male mortality; these are fundamental insights into early human development.
Functional small biomolecules play indispensable roles inside cells. However, sensitive and specific visualization of these molecules in living systems has proven to be highly challenging. Herein, we report stimulated Raman scattering imaging of alkyne tags as a general strategy for studying a broad spectrum of small biomolecules in live cells and animals. We demonstrate this technique by tracking alkyne-bearing drugs in mouse tissues, and visualizing de novo synthesis of DNA, RNA, proteomes, phospholipids and triglycerides, respectively, through metabolic incorporation of alkyne-tagged small precursors.
Population dynamics predicts that on average parents should invest equally in male and female offspring; similarly, the physiology of mammalian sex determination is supposedly stochastic, producing equal numbers of sons and daughters. However, a high quality parent can maximize fitness by biasing their birth sex ratio (SR) to the sex with the greatest potential to disproportionately outperform peers. All SR manipulation theories share a fundamental prediction: grandparents who bias birth SR should produce more grandoffspring via the favored sex. The celebrated examples of biased birth SRs in nature consistent with SR manipulation theories provide compelling circumstantial evidence. However, this prediction has never been directly tested in mammals, primarily because the complete three-generation pedigrees needed to test whether individual favored offspring produce more grandoffspring for the biasing grandparent are essentially impossible to obtain in nature. Three-generation pedigrees were constructed using 90 years of captive breeding records from 198 mammalian species. Male and female grandparents consistently biased their birth SR toward the sex that maximized second-generation success. The most strongly male-biased granddams and grandsires produced respectively 29% and 25% more grandoffspring than non-skewing conspecifics. The sons of the most male-biasing granddams were 2.7 times as fecund as those of granddams with a 50∶50 bias (similar results are seen in grandsires). Daughters of the strongest female-biasing granddams were 1.2 times as fecund as those of non-biasing females (this effect is not seen in grandsires). To our knowledge, these results are the first formal test of the hypothesis that birth SR manipulation is adaptive in mammals in terms of grandchildren produced, showing that SR manipulation can explain biased birth SR in general across mammalian species. These findings also have practical implications: parental control of birth SR has the potential to accelerate genetic loss and risk of extinction within captive populations of endangered species.
Label-free chemical contrast is highly desirable in biomedical imaging. Spontaneous Raman microscopy provides specific vibrational signatures of chemical bonds, but is often hindered by low sensitivity. Here we report a three-dimensional multiphoton vibrational imaging technique based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). The sensitivity of SRS imaging is significantly greater than that of spontaneous Raman microscopy, which is achieved by implementing high-frequency (megahertz) phase-sensitive detection. SRS microscopy has a major advantage over previous coherent Raman techniques in that it offers background-free and readily interpretable chemical contrast. We show a variety of biomedical applications, such as differentiating distributions of omega-3 fatty acids and saturated lipids in living cells, imaging of brain and skin tissues based on intrinsic lipid contrast, and monitoring drug delivery through the epidermis.
This study aimed to assess in vitro the influence of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on the regenerative processes of a peripheral nerve after trauma.
In peripheral nerve injury initiated after severing due to accident or by a surgeon during operation, photomodulation by light in the red to near-infrared range (530-1000 nm) using low-energy lasers has been shown to accelerate nerve regeneration.
Twenty-four New Zealand adult male rabbits were randomly assigned to two equal groups (control and laser-treated). General anesthesia was administered intramuscularly, and exploration of the peroneal nerve was done in the lateral aspect of the left leg. Complete section of the nerve was performed, which was followed by suturing of the neural sheath (epineurium). Irradiation was carried out directly after the operation and for 10 consecutive days. The laser used was diode with wavelength of 901 nm (impulsive) and power of 10 mW; it was a square-shaped window type (16 cm(2)), and its energy was applied by direct contact of the instrument's window to the site of the operation. Three rabbits from each group were sacrificed at the end of weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8, and specimens were collected from the site of nerve suturing and sent for histopathological examination.
Two important factors were examined via histopathology: diameter of the nerve fibers and individual internodal length. Compared to the control group, significant variations in regeneration were observed, including thicker nerve fibers, more regular myelin layers, clearer nodes of Ranvier with absence of short nodes in the treated group. Variations between the two groups for diameter were significant for the 2(nd) week (p < 0.05), highly significant for the 4(th) and 6(th) weeks, respectively (p < 0.01), and very highly significant for the 8(th) week (p < 0.001). Variations between the two groups for internodal length were highly significant for the 2(nd) and 4(th) weeks (p < 0.01), and very highly significant for the 6(th) and 8(th) weeks (p < 0.001).
This experiment affirms the beneficial effect of LLLT on nerve regeneration, since LLLT produced a significant amount of structural and cellular change. The results of the present study suggest that laser therapy may be a viable approach for nerve regeneration, which may be of clinical relevance in scheduled surgery or microsurgery.
Abstract - Background: In vitro irradiation of human blood with
laser light is under investigation for years, to study the
biostimulatory effects on various blood cells. However, any
positive effects of this light on the rheology of platelets have
not been documented with authenticity due to lack of
research. Methods: In our present study, we investigated the
influence of different levels of laser on the damage threshold
of blood cells .Laser diodes were used as a source of
radiation in different levels of irradiation protocol. Blood was
taken from one hundred adult patients. After adding
anticoagulant (EDTA), the samples were divided into four
groups for irradiating with different laser intensities. And each
sample was subdivided into two, so that one was irradiated
and the other considered as control sample. The samples
were made to stand for 30 minutes before determining the
change in rheological properties of blood cells. Results: It was
established that low level laser therapy when used on human
blood in vitro, affects the rheology of erythrocytes and
leucocytes. It was observed that it changes the
erytherocytatory, leucocytatory, BSR, aggregability indices of
blood .Conclusions Thus it was concluded that low level laser
therapy can affect the physical as well as chemical properties
of blood cells which is not only helpful in preservation of blood
but also in revitalizing the physically and chemically stressed
erytherocytatory membranes. It was determined that the laser
therapy decreases the viscosity of blood thus increasing the
electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes.
The main tool in nuclear medicine is ionizing radiation; therefore, it is important for its users to be familiar with its biological effects and pathophysiological basis. Ionization is the process of ion production by ejection of electrons from atoms and molecules after exposure to high temperature, electrical discharges, or electromagnetic and nuclear radiation. Ionizing radiation is subdivided into electromagnetic radiation (X-rays and gamma rays) and particulate radiation including neutrons and charged particles (alpha and beta particles).
Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the bladder wall, characterized by pelvic pain, urinary urgency, and frequency. Its etiology is unknown. IC remains a diagnosis of exclusion. Although there are no uniformly effective therapies, many treatment options are currently available. We present an IC patient who successfully underwent LLLT using an 830 nm GaAlAs diode laser. After 40 LLLT treatment sessions, the interstitial symptom index total score which was previously 19 decreased to 8 and the interstitial problem index total score which was previous 15 decreased to 6. Symptoms of severe bladder irritation and pelvic pain, urinary urgency and frequency improved almost completely for an extended period. © 2007, International Phototherapy Association. All rights reserved.
The relation between human blood parameter, Hematocrit (HCT) with human age, gender before and after irradiation with low power He-Ne laser (0.95 mw, λ=632.8 nm) has been studied . The relationships were obtained by finding patterns, centroid and peak positions, and flux variations. This findings show that beam parameter, flux peak was very much correlated and can become significant indicator for blood analyses. Thus leading the way as vibrant diagnosis tool to clarify diseases associated with blood.
5th Kuala Lumpur International Conference on Biomedical Engineering 2011 5th Kuala Lumpur
In its 1990 recommendations, the ICRP considered the radiation risks after exposure during prenatal development. This report is a critical review of new experimental animal data on biological effects and evaluations of human studies after prenatal radiation published since the 1990 recommendations.
Thus, the report discusses the effects after radiation exposure during pre-implantation, organogenesis, and fetogenesis. The aetiology of long-term effects on brain development is discussed, as well as evidence from studies in man on the effects of in-utero radiation exposure on neurological and mental processes. Animal studies of carcinogenic risk from in-utero radiation and the epidemiology of childhood cancer are discussed, and the carcinogenic risk to man from in-utero radiation is assessed. Open questions and needs for future research are elaborated.
The report reiterates that the mammalian embryo and fetus are highly radiosensitive. The nature and sensitivity of induced biological effects depend upon dose and developmental stage at irradiation. The various effects, as studied in experimental systems and in man, are discussed in detail. It is concluded that the findings in the report strengthen and supplement the 1990 recommendations of the ICRP.
Cellular exposure to ionizing radiation leads to oxidizing events that alter atomic structure through direct interactions of radiation with target macromolecules or via products of water radiolysis. Further, the oxidative damage may spread from the targeted to neighboring, non-targeted bystander cells through redox-modulated intercellular communication mechanisms. To cope with the induced stress and the changes in the redox environment, organisms elicit transient responses at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels to counteract toxic effects of radiation. Metabolic pathways are induced during and shortly after the exposure. Depending on radiation dose, dose-rate and quality, these protective mechanisms may or may not be sufficient to cope with the stress. When the harmful effects exceed those of homeostatic biochemical processes, induced biological changes persist and may be propagated to progeny cells. Physiological levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play critical roles in many cellular functions. In irradiated cells, levels of these reactive species may be increased due to perturbations in oxidative metabolism and chronic inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the long-term effects of exposure to ionizing radiation on genomic stability. Here, in addition to immediate biological effects of water radiolysis on DNA damage, we also discuss the role of mitochondria in the delayed outcomes of ionization radiation. Defects in mitochondrial functions lead to accelerated aging and numerous pathological conditions. Different types of radiation vary in their linear energy transfer (LET) properties, and we discuss their effects on various aspects of mitochondrial physiology. These include short and long-term in vitro and in vivo effects on mitochondrial DNA, mitochondrial protein import and metabolic and antioxidant enzymes.
Radiotherapy is used to treat approximately 50% of all cancer patients, with varying success. The dose of ionizing radiation that can be given to the tumour is determined by the sensitivity of the surrounding normal tissues. Strategies to improve radiotherapy therefore aim to increase the effect on the tumour or to decrease the effects on normal tissues. These aims must be achieved without sensitizing the normal tissues in the first approach and without protecting the tumour in the second approach. Two factors have made such approaches feasible: namely, an improved understanding of the molecular response of cells and tissues to ionizing radiation and a new appreciation of the exploitable genetic alterations in tumours. These have led to the development of treatments combining pharmacological interventions with ionizing radiation that more specifically target either tumour or normal tissue, leading to improvements in efficacy.
The common conception of cytotoxicity is that the cell is killed by the cytotoxin and the assays employed tend to reflect this. There are, however, several distinct aspects of cytotoxicity, differing in cellular mechanisms, outcome, and, consequently, in the assay of their activity (Freshney, 1904). As requirements for in vitro assays become more demanding, driven by mechanistic studies, economics, and by the desire to reduce animal experimentation, there is a need to look more closely at specific cellular responses to toxins and employ an assay most suited to the type of response that is expected. Cytotoxins may have reversible or irreversible effects, and their effects may be immediate or delayed by up to several weeks. There are major differences between (1) physico-chemical damage, which may produce an instantaneous loss of viability, (2) an environmental or pharmaceutical cytotoxin which may have a slight but progressive effect on metabolism over a period of hours or longer, and (3) a loss of reproductive potential, e.g. as a result of irradiation, which may not be immediately apparent in a reduction in the viability of the cells.
Laser Diode Enhances Autologous Cartilage Graft's Expansibility, Al -Kindy Col
- F R Ihsan
- Mohammed
- S Nuha
- S Mohammed
- Al -Iedani
Ihsan, F.R. Mohammed, Nuha, S. Al-Mustawfi & Mohammed, S. AL -Iedani, (2016) Laser
Diode Enhances Autologous Cartilage Graft's Expansibility, Al -Kindy Col. Med. J. Vol. 12,
No. 12. Pp; 118 -121.
Clinical Evaluation of Scalpel Er: YAG Laser 2940nm and Conventional Surgery Incisions Wound After Oral Soft Tissue Biopsy
Zahara AT (2018) Clinical Evaluation of Scalpel Er: YAG Laser 2940nm and Conventional
Surgery Incisions Wound After Oral Soft Tissue Biopsy, Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull ;
43: 149.
Photodynamic therapy of cancer: An update
- P Agostinis
- K Berg
- K A Cengel
Agostinis P, Berg K, Cengel KA, et al. (2011) Photodynamic therapy of cancer: An update, CA
Cancer J Clin ; 61: 250-281.
Influence of low level laser therapy on wound healing and its biological action upon myofibroblasts
- Medrado Ar A P
- L S Pugliese
- Reis Sr A
Medrado AR a P, Pugliese LS, Reis SR a, et al. (2003) Influence of low level laser therapy on
wound healing and its biological action upon myofibroblasts, Lasers Surg Med ; 32: 239-244.
Thyroxine (T4) and the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in the Rabbits
- Zahra'a A-T
Zahra'a A-T (2014) Assessment of the impacts of 830 nm Low Power Laser on
Triiodothyronine (T3), Thyroxine (T4) and the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) in the
Rabbits. J Med Sci Clin Res ; 2: 2902-2910.