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Effect of bhastrika pranayama practices on breath holding time among university hostel students
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of Bhastrika pranayama practices on breath holding time among M.S University hostel men students. To achieve the purpose of this study, 20 men Hostel students were randomly selected as subjects from the Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Abishekapatti, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. Their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The selected participants were randomly divided into two groups such as group 'A' Bhastrika pranayama practices (n=10) and group 'B' acted as control group (n=10). Group 'A' underwent Bhastrika pranayama practices for alternative three days and each session lasted for an hour for six week. Control group was not exposed to any specific training but they were participated in regular activities. The "nostril clip method" (seconds) was used to measure breath holding time were selected as variables. The pre and post tests data were collected on selected criterion variables prior and immediately after the training program. The pre and post-test scores were statistically examined by the dependent 't' test and Analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA). The level of significant was fixed at 0.05 level. It was concluded that the breath holding time group had shown significantly improved in breath holding time. However the control group had not shown any significant improvement on breath holding time.
... [35][36][37] Nineteen studies were included in the final systematic review for qualitative synthesis. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] The PRISMA flow diagram of the studies is presented in Figure 1. ...
... Most of the studies on Bhastrika Pranayama were on pulmonary function variables (spirometry, expiratory volume and capacity), [40,41,[43][44][45][49][50][51]53,56] followed by cardiovascular variables (heart rate, blood pressure, heart rate variability, and cerebral blood flow), [38,[47][48][49]53,55,56] general psychology (anxiety, affects, and quality of life), [39,42,[52][53][54]56] and experimental psychology (functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI] and Was the method used to assess the adverse effects described?, Q8: Was the methods of statistical analysis described?. The three options available for each question were: yes, no and not specified. ...
... There was also significant increase in positive affect in Bhastrika group as compared to control group Budhi et al., 2019 [43] Participants: 30 participants The results showed significant increase in all pulmonary function variables for Bhastrika group compared to baseline, whereas there was a significant increase in peak expiratory flow rate and maximum voluntary ventilation only among physical exercise group compared to baseline. However, the change in physical exercise group was less of magnitude as compared to Bhastrika group Durai and Athisayaraj, 2019 [44] Participants: 20 hostel students (10 in Bhastrika group and 10 in control group), age ranged 18-25 years, all males Study design and country: CCT, India ...
Pranayama is one of the most essential components of yoga which has been found to be effective to physiology of the mankind in many ways. Among the Pranayamas, Bhastrika Pranayama is one of the popular breathing techniques widely practiced in yoga, which is believed to improve pulmonary, cardiac, and psychological functions. This present systematic review was planned to explore the available scientific studies on Bhastrika Pranayama individually on pulmonary, cardiovascular, and psychological variables. PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were the basis for our review of the literature. The final review included 19 trials on Bhastrika Pranayama between 2005 and 2021 based on eligibility criteria, including four randomized controlled trials and another 15 clinically controlled trials. The quality assessment of each individual trial was performed using the Jadad Scale and the assessment showed ten trails as high quality studies (score 4–8) and nine trials as low quality studies (score 0–3). The results were discussed based on ten high‑quality trials and the findings showed that Bhastrika Pranayama significantly improves pulmonary, cardiovascular, and psychological variables, although there were some limitations related to sample size, study quality, follow‑up duration, and practice guidelines. Future studies should address those limitations to reach better conclusions.
... (2) Vajrāsana [31] Alters blood flow & nerve impulses in pelvic region, strengthens pelvicregion, good for sciatica Prānāyāmas (1) Bhastrikā (nimana 2:1) [10] 10 Increases exchange of O2& CO2 in the bloodstream, balances andstrengthens the nervous system (2) Kapālbhāti [2] Decreases depression & negative thinking (3) Anilom-Vilom [2] Cleanses nadis Relief from psychological stress (4) Bhrāmari [2] Anxiety neurosis panic disorders (5) Udgeet [2] Removes tiredness, decreases stress Closing Phase (Yoga-Nidrā & Chanting) (1) Yog Nidrā [18,23] 10 Relaxes physical as well as mental stress ...
Low Back Pain (LBP) is one of the most common disorders in today's time at least every person experiences it at any one point in his lifetime. A number of causes (multi-factorial) are responsible for LBP like wrong body postures, stress, overuse or injury to low back muscles or ligaments or spine. LBP is the leading cause of activity limitation and is very expensive to treat. Exercises, surgery, non-pharmacologic treatments are not that much effective as they do not provide multi-focus approach. Yoga provides a holistic approach as it offers a combination of physical exercises with mental focus and patients are taught good postures, self-awareness and self-care along with relaxation. It is affordable, reduces stress, and improves postural problems, increases flexibility and healing capacity of the body. A research review has been planned to find out the effect of yoga on LBP and to develop a research-based yoga module which includes various prānāyāmas and meditative practices to help patients get rid of LBP. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied for the search strategy from the year 2002 to 2020, population aged between 18 to 40 years and yoga as primary intervention. Precautions like lifestyle changes, proper relaxation, diet and keeping correct posture while working and resting along with the module may help to decrease the LBP. Hence it can be concluded that yoga a cost-effective therapy has a potential to treat LBP. Further well-designed clinical trial will be highly encouraged to verify this. Introduction Yoga is a primitive austerity which balances and makes the physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual dimensions of an individual healthy [34]. According to Patanjali, yoga consists eight steps or limbs, which are all equally important [38] among which the physical exercises (āsana) can improve patient's bodily pliability, unification and vigourity [9] and prānāyāma (breathing practices) and meditation can tranquil and concentrate the mind [9]. Lower back pain (LBP) is one of the most common problems encountered in medical applications [8]. It is the leading cause of activity limitation and absenteeism from work and results in a huge medical burden and economic cost [41]. LBP is a general anarchy concerning the muscles, nerves and bones of the back [1]. Posadzki and Ernst defined LBP as pain localized between 12 th rib and the inferior gluteal folds, with or without leg pain [26]. LBP may be classified by duration as acute pain (pain lasting less than 6 weeks), sub-chronic (6 to 12 weeks), or chronic (more than 12 weeks) [17]. The diagnostic process is mainly focused on the triage of patients with specific or non-specific LBP. Specific LBP is the pain in which the symptoms are due to the physio-pathological process like infection, arthritis, fracture and hernia nuclei pulposi and non-specific LBP is defined as the pain without any clear cause or unspecified reason like muscle or bone strain [16]. LBP is not a specific disease but rather a complaint that may be caused by a large number of underlying problems of varying levels of seriousness [8]. Some of the causes of LBP are incorrect posture while working, sitting, standing or sleeping [5] , inadequate flexibility of muscles and tendons, injury or overuse of muscles, ligaments, hip joints and spine [36] , wrong food combination [5] anxiety and depression [30] , stress and low quality of lifestyle [5] , pressure on nerve roots in the spinal canal due to herniated disc, osteoarthritis, spondylolisthesis, spinal tumours, compression fractures due to osteoporosis [36] , heavy lifting [13] , changes in the posture and centre of gravity in some pregnant women causing muscle and ligament strain [22] .
Ministry work can be gratifying, but it also carries a risk of increasing the overall stress and decrease quality of life of ministerial employees due to various factors such as crucial paperwork, excess workload, lengthy processes, etc. To fill this gap, the advanced meditation technique (cyclic meditation) was used as an intervention for three months in this research.
Aim & objectives: To assess the level of stress, quality of life and physiological variables of Ministerial employees.
Materials & methods: A total of 104 ministerial employees (male and female) ranging in age from 21 to 45 years were selected. Ministerial employees were conveniently split into two groups: experiment (n = 52) and control (n = 52). SPSS software was used to analyze the data. Paired and unpaired sample t-tests were applied to analyze the data
Results: Results showed that After three months of cyclic meditation, there were statistically significant improvements in reducing overall stress at (p<0.01) level in the experimental group, also significant differences in overall stress levels between the experimental and control groups at (p<0.05) level and improves quality of life at (p>0.01) level.
Conclusion: Hence 3-month cyclic mediation intervention shows significant improvements in measures of overall stress levels among Ministerial employees.as per results can conclude that advance meditation (CM) is an healing intervention for reduce stress levels and enhance quality of life. Further investigation of meditation for the prevention and treatment of stress-related disease and of the underlying mechanism is warranted.
Keywords: Advance Meditation Technique, Ministerial Employees, Cyclic Meditation, Stress and Quality of Life, Respiratory Rate, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Weight, BMI, Breathe Holding Time.
Background. breathing is a crucial process that commences at the moment of birth and ceases with one's passing. Through breathing, essential oxygen is supplied to all the body's parts, organs, and cells, sustaining life. Some numerous breathing techniques to optimize the advantages of breath-holding exercises. Freediving training is believed to be able to increase respiratory efficiency. The exercise is done by controlling of breathing and a stable heart rate so human can hold breath for a while, dive deeper and dive safely. These techniques are also employed in the preparation and meditation of postures, enhancing the focus and clarity of the mind to maximize the benefits of the practice. Methods. All studies were screened on an individual basis, considering a set of specific criteria and key data such as affiliation of authors, type of study, year of publication, type of breath-hold exercise benefit in healthy. The study was designed in accordance with the standards of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analyzes). Results. Based on the systematic review process, selected and extracted data for each article obtained, a detailed description of the researcher's name, title, research design, respondents, strengths and research results, and research limitations are summarized. The inclusion criteria: International Journal and Research Design include Controlled Intervention Studies, Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies, Case-Control Studies, Case Series Studies, and Articles containing elements of breath hold benefit training. Quality assessment tools of the paper use NHLBI with low, and medium, assessment criteria. In this systematic review process, 230 Article collections were using Scopus, Pubmed and GS Databases with the keywords namely breath hold "AND" training “AND” benefit.. The stage continued by searching for the duplicate articles and obtained 34 out of 230 databases so that 196 articles were obtained before the screening stage. The first screening stage continued by excluding the title and abstract and obtained 160 articles from the 196 databases, so 36 articles were obtained at the screening stage. The next stage was eligibility, excluding 11 articles based on IMRAD (Introduction, Method, Result, and Discussion)is not clear, excluding 5 article Systematic Review, and excluding 6 article study reports were not included where finally meet 14 articles were evaluated for eligibility based on the title and abstract as well as the entire article excluded on inclusion and exclusion were obtained that matched the article criteria to be reviewed in this study Conclusion.This comprehensive review highlights a number of studies exploring the relationship between breath-holding exercises and associated health benefits. These studies cover a wide range of aspects, including the impact of physical activity on freedive training, the benefits of diaphragmatic breathing on lung function, and the effectiveness of mental imagery (MI) training in improving breath-hold performance. Additionally, studies have shown significant improvements in cardiorespiratory function in individuals with bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer. These improvements were evidenced by positive changes in pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory function measurements, and overall quality of life.
This study was conducted to examine the effect of yoga on cardiovascular function in subjects above 40 yrs of age. Pulse rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and Valsalva ratio were studied in 50 control subjects (not doing any type of physical exercise) and 50 study subjects who had been practicing yoga for 5 years. From the study it was observed that significant reduction in the pulse rate occurs in subjects practicing yoga (P<0.001). The difference in the mean values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure between study group and control group was also statistically significant (P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively). The systolic and diastolic blood pressure showed significant positive correlation with age in the study group (r1 systolic= 0.631 and r1 diastolic = 0.610) as well as in the control group (r2 systolic = 0.981 and r2 diastolic = 0.864). The significance of difference between correlation coefficient of both the groups was also tested with the use of Z transformation and the difference was significant (Z systolic= 4.041 and Z diastolic= 2.901). Valsalva ratio was also found to be significantly higher in yoga practitioners than in controls (P<0.001). Our results indicate that yoga reduces the age related deterioration in cardiovascular functions.
Author and Affiliations-Purpose: Yoga is well known for improving oxygenation to the biological system and combating oxidative stress which is responsible for numerous lifestyle diseases which includes type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of yoga in modifying and improving the quality of life in type II diabetic with hypertension patients. Methods: An interventional, prospective and open labeled study was done involving 30 patients of type 2 diabetes along with hypertension. Patients received yoga therapy for 45 days along with the standard treatment. Oxidative stress markers such as changes in RBC morphology (crenated edges and Heinz bodies), malondialdehyde levels along with fasting blood glucose levels, systolic & diastolic blood pressure, body mass index and symptoms associated with type 2 diabetes were evaluated before and at the end of the yoga therapy. Results: Abnormal RBCs were markedly reduced as according to the severity ranking assessed after 45 days of yoga therapy. Significant reduction in the levels of malondialdehyde (P<0.01), blood glucose (P<0.05), Systolic blood pressure (P<0.01) body mass index (P<0.001) and improvement in the unpleasant symptoms were observed after yoga therapy when compared to same patients before starting yoga therapy. Conclusion: These findings suggest that yoga intervention has therapeutic values in patients having type 2 diabetes with hypertension. This may have direct impact on the dose minimization of hypoglycemic drugs of the patient which requires further study in this area. © 2018, Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India. All rights reserved.
Background: Reaction time is one of the important methods to study a person’s central information processing speed and is an index of sensory, motor and cognitive processes. Auditory reaction time, an important psychophysical method useful for relating mental events to physical measures is significantly correlated to changes in breathing period. Objective of the study was to evaluate effect of Anulom Vilom pranayam on auditory reaction time. Methods: 60 volunteers from a tertiary care hospital of Mumbai were divided into two groups (study group and control group) of 30 each. Study group practised Anulom Vilom pranayam for 8 weeks. Control group were busy in their routine activities during that period. Pre-study and post-study measurements of auditory reaction times for high tone and low tone were done in both groups. Results: Statistical analysis was carried out and paired t-test was applied. Post-study auditory reaction time of study group for high tone and low tone showed significant decline than control group. Conclusions: Anulom Vilom pranayam which observed to reduce auditory reaction time have health promoting, boosting, toning effects on central neural structures; quantity, pattern of release of neurotransmitters and mental interaction involved in information processing. In light of the influence of psychosocial stressors, inappropriate nutrition and lack of physical activity in modern life on the development of stress related disorders, Anulom Vilom pranayam may have considerable potential in its prevention and is complementary to overall stress management.
A study was carried out on 10 healthy subjects to evaluate the effect of yogic training on some autonomic responses and biochemical indices. Yogic training was performed daily in the morning hours for one hour under the supervision of qualified yoga instructors. Physiological and biochemical responses were assessed before and after 3 months of training. A significant decrease in heart rate, blood pressure and elevation of mean skin temperature and alpha index of EEG were recorded, followed by reduction in blood glucose and plasma cholesterol level. Changes in the dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity, monoamine oxidase and adrenal steroids along with the physiological parameters indicated a shift in the autonomic balance towards relative parasympathodominance.