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Beam Scanning Three-Dimensional Monopulse Antenna for Flying Cars Collision Avoidance
... They present advantages over alternative techniques, like those based on sequential lobes. Among the variety of applications in which this antenna can be used, we find aircraft tracking in air traffic control [1], flying car-to-car communications [2], indoor communications [3], detection of cosmic debris [4], and others. Conventionally, three-dimensional monopulse antennas based on horns [5], lenses [6] and Cassegrain parabolic antennas [7] are typical candidates to reach narrow beam width and high-gain. ...
This letter presents an all-metal three-layer monopulse antenna based on Gap Waveguide technology operating in Ka-band. (specifically from 29 to 31 GHz) for direction-finding applications. This contribution stands out mainly for the simplicity of its single-layer comparator network (layer 1) composed of a combination of ridge and groove gap waveguides. Also, the compactness of the feed network (layer 2) allows for a low-profile monopulse antenna comprising only three aluminum pieces. The antenna is bottom-fed through three ports connected, two of them to the comparator network, and one directly to the corporate-feed network, to achieve one sum (
) and two difference patterns (
,
). Experimental results validate the concept, showing a close agreement with simulations. The measured null depth is close to -30 dB in both difference patterns, and the sum pattern achieves 26.9 dBi directivity with a realized radiation efficiency greater than 80
.
Flying cars have always been an interest for development and commercialization throughout the history of automobiles and aircraft. In this article, the history of flying cars, including some of the ongoing development work, is described. The technical challenges, particularly related to lift and propulsion, and the problems related to wide-scale adoption are presented. With the advances in engines, electric motors, power converters, and communications, there is an increasing interest in flying vehicles and more electrification of these vehicles. This article also examines the challenges and requirements of developing a hybrid or a pure electric flying car, propulsion strategies for operation like an automobile and airplane, and vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL).
Circular Phased Array Antenna with the Function of Angle-of-Arrival Estimation
- K Ogawa
- T Noguchi
- G Sato
- N Inagaki