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Miejsce Instytutu Historii PAN w przyszłych badaniach geograficzno-historycznych w Polsce
Abstract
Zakład Atlasu Historycznego kończy serię map szczegółowych ziem polskich Korony w XVI w. Wraz z zespołem słownika historyczno-geograficznego ziem polskich w średniowieczu jest ważnym na świecie ośrodkiem badań geograficzno-historycznych oraz edytorstwa i refleksji metodologicznej. Jego przyszłość zależy od profilu badawczego Instytutu Historii PAN. Jeżeli priorytetem nie staną się wieloletnie zespołowe projekty łączące prace dokumentacyjne ze ściśle badawczymi – grozi mu likwidacja.
Tekst zainspirowany został recenzjami książki: Marek Wrede, Itinerarium króla Zygmunta III 1587–1632, Warszawa 2019, opublikowanymi w „Studia Geohistorica”, 9, 2021 (Magdalena Jakubowska) i „Studiach Źródłoznawczych”, 59, 2021 (Karol Łopatecki). Podejmuje niektóre poruszone w nich problemy (m.in. koryguje przebieg fragmentu trasy rejsu Zygmunta III do Szwecji w 1598 r., podając kalendarium i mapę rejsu). Przede wszystkim jednak jest głosem na rzecz podjęcia zinstytucjonalizowanych badań nad itinerariami królów Rzeczypospolitej XVI–XVIII w. Sygnalizując problem, przedstawia obecny stan takich studiów i podejmuje próbę sformułowania wstępnych warunków podjęcia zespołowych prac itineraryjnych.
Ever since the beginnings of the modern historiography, the court books have posed a challenge for editors in Poland, both due to their number and variety. They constitute one of the richest sources enabling a variety of historical research. The publication of the sources’ content can be shared owing to new approaches stemming from constant development of IT tools and their application in the humanities. The solution proposed in our article is a digital indexing based on a relational database enabling access to the sources’ scans. The characterization of the method is preceded by a description of the theoretical foundations of the presented method. The assumed principals are implemented by the use of a dedicated to this project online INDXR application which functionalities is thoroughly described. Using the INDXR application, the data acquired from the sources are collected and stored in the database which structure is also illustrated along with its theoretical foundations. The database is established in order to better reflect the typical elements comprising the court books as well as to store the acquired information. The issues stemming from the process of indexing the court books, such as categorizing of the entries, their spatial context, and the problem of how to describe the persons appearing in the manuscript are also presented.
Celem pracy jest przedstawienie koncepcji edycji zachowanych w Polsce wykazów święceń duchowieństwa, która byłaby oparta na relacyjnej bazie danych. W pierwszej części artykułu przeanalizowano formularz rejestrów święceń i wypunktowano jego najważniejsze elementy składowe, głównie na podstawie rejestrów przedtrydenckich. W części drugiej omówiono dotychczasowy dorobek polskiej historiografii, jeżeli chodzi o opracowanie rejestrów i praktyki ich udostępniania, co dotyczy przeważnie źródeł z epoki potrydenckiej. W ostatniej części przedstawione zostały założenia i merytoryczne podstawy struktury bazodanowej edycji list święceń; opisano główne tabele tworzące bazę oraz relacje między nimi.
Currently we can observe a substantial amount of research projects in historical geography elaborated with the usage of Geographic Information Systems. It is no doubt that GIS provides a unified and effective framework for acquisition, analysis and visualization of spatial and textual data. However, the presentation of research process can be concerned rather challenging. It requires a large array of maps and charts in the final publication which elaboration is conditioned by paper size, limited colours and – last but not least – lack of interactivity. These limitations do not concern WebGIS platforms which allow researchers to publish all materials in the way they were created, i.e. in the digital cartographic form. The aim of this paper is to present on the one hand the project of the Dutch-type colonization process in 18 th c. Greater Poland and on the other, the possibilities of geohistorical projects' publishing on the WebGIS platform. Dutch colonization played an important role in the development of settlement network in Early Modern Poland as the colonists usually settled down on marshlands and woodlands therefore thusly significantly transforming natural and cultural landscape. Since the research is based on cartographic and written sources from the turn of 18 th and 19 th c, it is necessary to evaluate their credibility and indicate potential errors such as maps' planar precision, symbols' explicitness or data consistency between sources. Maps and manuscripts are published on the platform: source data as raster (maps are georeferenced) and output data (acquired from them) in vector format for spatial data and tabular format for attribute data. Semantic links between source and output data are also included in order to identify the origin of each set of output data.
The present article1 discusses difficulties in the practical application of spatio-temporal databases to geographical-historical research. Apart from undeniable assets of introducing database tools to historical studies, research practice implies also quite significant difficulties related to the unreliability, incompleteness or imprecision of historical information. These features, along with the subjectivism of historical inferential methods (their susceptibility to interpretation), should be taken into consideration when creating Historical Geographical Information Systems (HGIS). Thus assembled, historical information becomes easily accessible for secondary interpretation (source scheme). The critical scheme of any database, created jointly by historians, engineering ontologists, and data modelling specialists, should account for both the ‘expediency’ and ‘processuality’ of historical phenomena, as well as the complex nature of spatio-temporal objects (the ongoing dispute between endurantists and perdurantists).
The purpose of the paper is to present an ongoing project of AtlasFontium.pl which is intended to serve as a platform for publishing spatially-related historical source data along with their cartographic visualization concerning polish territory. The text describes the main assumptions on which the web page was based, its current state, and characteristics.
Historical Geography in Poland – Development and Perspectives.
The present article deals with the main currents that have been developing in the Polish historical geography since the end of the 19th century till now. A discussion on methodological and terminological matters has been left aside. Only the Introduction contains a short reference to those issues. The development of geographical-historical research is presented from two perspectives: institutional and thematic ones. A separate sub-chapter was devoted to cartography, both in the context of historical-cartographical studies and historical cartography. The review of the main institutions and research subjects considers the two major currents which developed in the Polish historical geography, especially since the middle of the 20th century, namely the geographical and the historical ones. Despite the common subject of research, they often remained side by side, which was due to different methods applied and the different source basis. The Conclusion, which closes the article, indicates the contemporary tendencies in historical geography related to new subjects such as studies on the cultural landscape or landscape ecology. In addition, a question was set about the influence of technological changes, especially the introduction of systems of spatial information and spatiotemporal databases, on the development of historical geography and on changes in this field of research.
The article presents the organizational frameworks and methodological problems connected with undertaking the editorial project titled „Historical Atlas of Polish Towns”, which is a part of the international initiative „European Historical Town Atlas” under the auspices of International Commission for the History of Towns. The author underlines a diversified source foundations for the base maps' edition, which, in case of „Historical Atlas of Polish Towns”, was a measurement map; for the towns located in the area of the former Austrian Partition the maps elaborated within the cadastre in 1819-1859 served as a basis of the edition. However, in the former Prussian Partition (Silesia and Pomerania), the cadastre maps elaborated on the grounds of the bill from 1961 proved to be more problematic – the defects of particular map sheets and their incomplete condition forced the editors to use the maps elaborated in different times and according to different measurements. In the article, a great scientific value of the maps' reproductions is presented, an attempt to characterize the maps on the spatial development of the cities is undertaken, and urban history studies on particular topics are mentioned. In the conclusions, the determinants and scientific objectives resulting in the changes in the editorial principles and the content of the published European Atlases are addressed. The primary trends identified are the postulate to include in the atlases the cartographic sources and historical and iconographic materials from the 19th and 20th c., as well as the use of Geographic Information Systems in publishing the editorial achievement in the form of geoportals or other electronic resources.
Abstrakt
Zarys treści: Autor artykułu rozwija stawianą już wcześniej ostrożnie hipotezę o istnieniu katalogu biskupów, prowadzonego przy katedrze w Poznaniu zapewne od odnowienia biskupstwa ok. 1075 r. aż do początków XIV w. Jego ślad stanowią zapiski o biskupach dopisane w połowie XIII w. do Rocznika powstałego w benedyktyńskim opactwie w Lubiniu.
Abstract: The author of the article expands a previous carefully formulated hypothesis about the existence of a catalogue of bishops kept at the cathedral in Poznań probably from the revival of the bishopric in about 1075 all the way to the beginning of the fourteenth century. Its trace consists of records about the bishops added in the mid-thirteenth century to a Rocznik written in the Benedictine abbey in Lubin.
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