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Copyright © 2020, Journal La Medihealtico, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0
JOURNAL LA MEDIHEALTICO
VOL. 01, ISSUE 01 (001-007), 2020
A Case Study of Family Knowledge About the Types Of Contraception
Methods And Tools In The Family Planning Program
Citra Riyani
Makassar Health Polytechnic, Indonesia
Corresponding Author: Citra Riyani
Article Info
Article history:
Received 07 January 2020
Received in revised form 16
January 2020
Accepted 23 January 2020
Keywords:
Family knowledge
Contraception
Family Planning Program
Abstract
This study is to find out family knowledge about family planning (KB)
and mothers want to do family planning program, to increase family
knowledge about the types of methods and contraception. This research
is a type of research with a case study design by conducting studies
aimed at an information-gathering technique that is done by compiling
a list of questions. The results showed two problems in the family, which
were found in mothers who had not had a family planning age of 31
years and the age of the last child of 5 months. After a systematic review
is made in determining the priority of the problem, health education is
needed by the mother and family. The husband advised the mother to use
contraception and only use natural contraception methods.
Introduction
Family Planning (KB) is a national scale program to reduce birth rates and control population
growth in a country. For example, the United States has a family planning program called
Planned Parenthood. Family planning programs are not solely designed to meet government
targets (Gertler & Molyneaux, 1994). Viewed from a medical perspective, this program
actually has many benefits for the health of every family member. Not only mothers, children
and husbands can also feel the effects of this program directly (Angeles et al., 2005).
Family Planning according to WHO (World Health Organization) is an action that helps
married couples to avoid unwanted births, regulate birth spacing, and determine the number of
children in the family (Waites, 2003). Population density that occurs is, of course a, problem
for the Indonesian state that needs to be considered by the government so that many efforts are
chosen or programmed by the Indonesian government to reduce population density by carrying
out a Family Planning program (Shiffman, 2002). Public knowledge is still limited about
various types of contraception, so people know more about the short term than the long term
contraception.
According to data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (SDKI) in 2012,
family planning injections were the most widely used in Indonesia with a percentage reaching
31.9 percent. While the use of intra uterine devices (IUDs) only reached 3.9 percent.
Improvement and expansion of family planning services is one of the efforts to reduce maternal
morbidity and mortality rates that are so high due to pregnancy experienced by women
(Simarmata et al., 2012). Many women must make difficult contraceptive choices, not only
because of the limited number of methods available but also because certain methods may be
unacceptable in connection with national family planning policies, individual health and
women's sexuality or the cost of obtaining contraception. The use of various contraceptive
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Copyright © 2020, Journal La Medihealtico, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0
methods is actually not problematic. The problem lies in the aspect of choosing the
contraceptive method. An aspect that needs to be considered is the choice of contraception
whether it has been based on consideration of the factors of profit, loss, effectiveness and
efficiency of each method (Adler & Hendrick, 1991). Therefore, each prospective acceptor in
principle must have good knowledge about the strengths and weaknesses, effectiveness and
efficiency of each contraceptive method. The main consideration is related to the suitability of
family planning goals, namely delaying pregnancy, spacing the child or ending the
reproductive period. This research is to find out family knowledge about family planning and
mothers who want to have family planning, to increase family knowledge about the types of
contraceptive methods and tools.
Methods
This research is a type of research with a case study design by conducting a study aimed at an
information-gathering technique that is done by compiling a list of questions asked of
respondents. Mr. M's family consists of five family members namely Mr. L as the head of the
family, a wife and their three children aged 10 years, 8 years and 5 months with one health
problem that is found in mothers who have not had family planning while they are 31 years
old.
Results and Discussion
Midwifery care in the family is a community midwifery care that aims to improve the degree
of family health. Family health problems are usually encountered. For example, the family Mr.
and Mrs. I have more than one problem.
Mr. M's family consists of five family members namely Mr. L as the head of the family, a wife
and their three children aged 10 years, 8 years and 5 months with one health problem that is
found in mothers who have not had family planning while they are 31 years old. This will be
used as a matter of priority and a solution will be found. Mrs. "I" Family Midwifery Care In
Tembam Village Tembam Village Enrekang District Enrekang District On February 20, 2019.
Data Analysis
Table 1. List of Family Members and family member data
Name
Family
Relation
Sex
blood
group
Age
Income
Religi
on
Emplo
yemen
t
Immunization
BCG
HB
123
Dpt
123
Po
lio
meas
les
I
Wive
F
-
31
YO
-
Islam
House
wife
Z
Son
M
-
10
YO
-
islam
-
N
Daught
er
F
-
8
YO
-
islam
-
M
Son
M
-
5
Mon
th
-
islam
-
1
1,2,3
1,2,3
1,2
,3,
4,
-
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Copyright © 2020, Journal La Medihealtico, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0
Genogram 3 Generation
Family type is main family, the most dominant in decision making is the husband as head of
the family.
information:
: Female
: Male
: Live in the same house
: Line of descent
Social, Economic and Cultural Factors
Families are always open and want to give information. Interaction in the family and the
environment The pattern of interaction of the family and the environment is very good, normal
communication using Indonesian and Makassarese. The breadwinner in the family is the
husband with an uncertain income by managing household needs is the wife. Habits in the
family in every decision are always discussed first, and the habit of mutual cooperation in the
family is always applied, sometimes the husband helps the mother in doing housework or
caring for children.
Family Health Status
If there are sick family members go to the health center. Types of diseases that are often
suffered by families such as headaches, fevers, colds, toothaches and smallpox. Mrs. "I" family
Admits limitations to the lack of knowledge about family planning. Environmental Health
House plan
E
A
D
B
R
B
R
S
R
R
S
S
S
M
S
L
S
S
S
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Copyright © 2020, Journal La Medihealtico, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0
C
Description:
A : Bedroom
B : Bedroom
C : Family room and living room
D : Kitchen
E : Bathroom
Form of the house : permanent
Ventilation : good enough, good air exchange
The room in the house gets sunlight.
Clean Water Sources, families use clean water sources from PAM and gallon drinking water
sources and drinking water company (PAM). Family latrines, families have their own latrines
and bathrooms with squat latrines. Landfills, household waste disposed of in a hole made
behind the yard and burned.
Daily lifestyle, the types of food consumed are rice, side dishes (fish, eggs, tofu, tempeh)
vegetables (kale, spinach), fruit (bananas, rambutan), with a frequency of eating 4 times a day
and drinking milk.
Family habits take a lunch break about 2 hours after lunch, and night breaks usually start at
20:00 and wake up at 05.00.
The general appearance of the mother and family is clean, the habit of bathing twice a day, the
mother shampooing once a week, brushing her teeth twice a day, the family is accustomed to
using footwear when leaving the house.
Everyday, mothers take care of babies, prepare food and serve shoppers in stores. The family
has a family entertainment facility karaoke salon and television.
Formulation of Diagnosis/Family Health Problems
The analysis is Mrs. "I" with a lack of knowledge about family planning. Subjective data are
(1) Mother and family do not understand the type of contraception (2) The distance of childbirth
to the 2nd and 3rd + 7 years. (3) The husband encourages the mother to use contraception. The
objective data is that the mother only uses natural contraceptive methods. Mother is now 31
years old
Problem Priority
No
Criteria
Calculation
Score
Justification
1
The Nature of
the Problem
2/3 x 1
0,7
Because with less
knowledge can cause other
health threats
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2
Possible
problems can
be changed
1/2 x 2
1
Because not all mothers
who already understand
want to do KB. Sometimes
it is determined by the
husband and the existence
of trust.
3
Potential
problems can
be prevented
2/3 x 1
0,7
Because counseling can be
done at an early stage
4
Prominent
problem
2/2 x 1
1
Because it is too old for the
mother to give birth again
and can be at risk for other
complications.
Total score
3,4
After holding the weighting, the priority problem in the family of Mr "M" is lack of knowledge
about family planning (score 3.4). Provision of information about family planning, types of
contraception and side effects that can arise from existing types of contraception. Support and
motivate mothers to want to use family planning.
Implementation of the intervention is to provide information about types of contraception, the
strengths and side effects of contraception and provide support to mothers to want to use.
Intervention/Action Evaluation
I still don't want to use birth control and I already know about the types of contraception.
Subjective data, namely the mother and family do not understand the type of contraception,
childbirth distance of children 2 and 3 + 7 years and the husband encourages mothers to use
contraceptives.
The objective data is that the mother only uses natural contraceptive methods and the mother's
age is now 31 years. The analysis is Mrs. "I" with a lack of knowledge about family planning.
The implementation is to support and motivate the wishes of mothers to have family planning
and explain to mothers the type of contraception.
Midwifery services are an integral part of health services, which are directed at realizing quality
family health. Midwifery services are services provided by midwives following the authority
they improve maternal and child health in order to achieve quality, happy and prosperous
families. Community midwifery services are part of family health efforts (Islam & Malik,
2001).
Family health is one of the activities of health efforts in the community aimed at families.
Implementation of family health aims to realize a small family, healthy, happy and prosperous.
Children's health is organized to realize the growth and development of children (World Health
Organization, 2005).
So the purpose of community midwifery services is to improve the health of mothers, babies,
children under five and EFA in the family so that a healthy and prosperous family in a particular
community is realized. In solving their patients' problems, midwives use management, a
method used by midwives to determine and find steps to solve problems and take action to save
their patients from health problems.
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Copyright © 2020, Journal La Medihealtico, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0
Community midwifery steps: (1) analysis is to use the data collected and look for links to one
another so that various problems are found, through the analysis process found answers about
the relationship between disease or health cases with environmental socio-cultural conditions
(behavior). Health services and hereditary factors that affect health. (2) The formulation of the
problem can be collected based on the results of the analysis. In the formulation of the problem
includes the main problems and their causes as well as potential problems. (3) Plans and
Actions, if the main problems and their causes are known, plans and actions are prepared.
Actions are carried out based on the plan drawn up, (4) Evaluation, the purpose of the
evaluation is knowing the accuracy and perfection between the results achieved and the
objectives set. An assessment is considered successful if the evaluation shows data that is
consistent with the objectives to be achieved. If the goal is not achieved, then the cause needs
to be reviewed. If the activities succeed in achieving the objectives, identification is carried out
in anticipation of the possibility of other problems arising from these successes.
After an assessment and found priority problems or major problems in the family of Mr. M.
that is a mother who has not had family planning while she is 31 years old, which can be a
health threat. In collecting data on the family of Mr. "M", two problems were found in the
family, which were found in the mother who had not had a family planning age of 31 years and
the age of the last child of 5 months. After a systematic review is carried out in determining
priority problems, the health education needed by mothers and families at this time is a type of
contraception counseling and support from families and health workers who provide health
education.
Conclusion
Community midwifery care focuses on providing services to every family in the working area.
The form of service delivery carried out is to solve various problems in the health sector,
especially maternal and child health. These activities certainly aim at the end to reduce maternal
mortality and infant mortality. From various counseling that has been done is expected to be
able to increase public knowledge about their health problems so that it is expected that the
community will be more independent in solving health problems that exist in their
environment. Likewise with Mr. M's family after counseling for existing problems, now Mr.
M's family has a better understanding of what and how to overcome their health problems.
References
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Copyright © 2020, Journal La Medihealtico, Under the license CC BY-SA 4.0
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