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Effect of Ultrasound on Seed Germination Factors of Iranian Black Cumin (Bunium persicum Boiss.) and its Optimization

September 2021

DOI:10.22034/ijsst.2020.125212.1260

Authors:

Ali Hasani

Tarbiat Modares University

Mohammad-Hadi Khoshtaghaza

Tarbiat Modares University

Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi

Tarbiat Modares University

This article published in the Iranian Journal of Seed Science and Technology. Abstract In this study, the effect of ultrasound on the germination and vigor index of Iranian black cumin (Bunium persicum Boiss.), was studied. Response surface methodologhy and central composite design were used ti analyze the data and optimize the experiment. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted. Experimental factors included time of ultrasound treatment (5, 7 and 9 minutes), ultrasonic power (130, 180 and 230 watts) and sonication temperatures (10, 20 and 30 °C) as well as control and germination percentage and seed vigor index were measured. The highest germination percentage and seed vigor index were determined by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results indicated significant effect of time and ultrasound power on studied traits, but temperature had no significant effect on them. The highest germination percentage (61%) and seed vigor index (800) were observed at 180 W and 7 min duration time and 20 °C. The lowest germination percentage (24.5%) and seed vigor index (462) were observed in 230 W ultrasound power, 9 min duration time and 20 °C. Also, the optimization results showed that the best points for power, time and temperature for achieving the highest values of germination percentage and seed vigor index were 175.47 W, 6.37 min and 19.36 °C, respectively and the output values (germination and seed vigor index) were obtained the this points 63.02% and 808.39 respectively. Finally it seems that the increasing or decreasing time and power of ultrasonication in a certain range decreases the seed germination percentage and vigor index.

Simple effect of time on germination

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Fig: 2 Simple effect of power on germination

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Figures - uploaded by Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi

Content may be subject to copyright.

Content uploaded by Mohammad-Taghi Ebadi

Content may be subject to copyright.

Iranian Journal of

Seed Science and Technology

Vol.: 10, No.: 2, Summer 2021

(pp: 37-52)

DOI: 10.22034/ijsst.2020.125212.1260

Research Article



""









Bunium persicum Boiss.



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





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



Bunium persicum Boiss.

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 °C





Effect of Ultrasound on Seed Germination Factors of Iranian Black Cumin

(Bunium persicum Boiss.) and its Optimization

A. Hasani1, M.H. Khoshtaghaza2*, M.T. Ebadi3

1. Graduate student, Department of Mechanical and Biosystems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

2. Corresponding Author, Professor, Department of Mechanical and Biosystems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares

University, Tehran, Iran. Email: khoshtag@modares.ac.ir

3. Assistant Professor, Department of Horticultural Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

(Received: Feb. 03, 2019 – Accepted: Jul. 04, 2019)

Abstract

In this study, the effect of ultrasound on the germination and vigor index of Iranian black cumin (Bunium persicum Boiss.),

was studied. Response surface methodologhy and central composite design were used ti analyze the data and optimize the

experiment. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design was conducted. Experimental factors included

time of ultrasound treatment (5, 7 and 9 minutes), ultrasonic power (130, 180 and 230 watts) and sonication temperatures

(10, 20 and 30°C) as well as control and germination percentage and seed vigor index were measured. The highest

germination percentage and seed vigor index were determined by Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The results

indicated significant effect of time and ultrasound power on studied traits, but temperature had no significant effect on

them. The highest germination percentage (61%) and seed vigor index (800) were observed at 180 W and 7 minduration

timeand 20°C. The lowest germination percentage (24.5%) and seed vigor index (462) were observed in 230 W ultrasound

power, 9 min duration timeand 20°C. Also, the optimization results showed that the best points for power, time and

temperature for achieving the highest values of germination percentage and seed vigor index were 175.47 W, 6.37 min and

19.36°C, respectively and the output values (germination and seed vigor index) were obtained the this points 63.02% and

808.39 respectively. Finally it seems that the increasing or decreasing time and power of ultrasonication in a certain range

decreases the seed germination percentage and vigor index.

Keywords: Dormancy, Seed vigor index, Germination, Response surface

* Email: khoshtag@modares.ac.ir



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

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







Azimzadeh, 2009



Bunium persicum Boiss.

Pour- Seyedi, 1994 







Omidbeigi, 2005









Khosravi, 1994; Faravani, 1997





Shankaracharya and

Shankaracharya, 1988  

   



Rangbarian et al., 2004

       

          

    

Kaye et al., 1997

Eyog- Matig et al., 2007





Ritchie and Gilroy, 1998







Gonzalez_Benito et al., 2004



Copland and Mc Donald, 1995









Olvera_Carrillo et al., 2003





.(Kala, 2003)





2006Gonzalez-Benito,









(Beyaz et al., 2016)



 

Mason, 1996. 

      

       

     

      

       

  Yaldagar et al., 2008



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          

Mason, 1996





Mason, 1996











Afzal et al., 2008; Patade et al., 2009 









Taylorson, 2012











 







minW °C

Fazeli, 2017





Yang et al., 2015

















Aladjadjiyan, 2011

















Nazari et al., 2014













Machikowa et al., 2013





 













Bunium persicum Boiss.





Design Expert 10



























Table 1- The coding levels of the independent variables selected in the response level method



Encoding levels



Math symbol



Independent variable

-1

0

1



10

20

30

A

C°

5

7

9

B

Min

130

180

230

C

W





















 









ISTA, 2010

cmml







°C





ml



Ellis and Roberts, 1981



𝑋

𝑌

G

XY

G



cm



L



GS

SGL







Table 2- The results of treatments related to germination percentage and seed vigor index in Design Expert software

 

Seed vigor index



Germination Percentage

 W

Power

M

Minute

°C

Temperature



690

50.5

180

5

10

1

633

44

130

7

10

2

580

38

230

7

10

3

523

25

180

9

10

4

605.4

40.5

130

5

20

5

545.4

34

230

5

20

6

800

61

180

7

20

7

798

61.5

180

7

20

8

800

61

180

7

20

9

798

62.5

180

7

20

10

800

63

180

7

20

11

493

27

130

9

20

12

462

24.5

230

9

20

13

669

48

180

5

30

14

554

35

230

7

30

15

616

42

130

7

30

16

500

30

180

9

30

17



Design Expert 10



 





    

  



RSM)  





 





       

        

Respond Surface Methodology

(Bezerra et al., 2008)     

CCD   

   

       

         

   















 









A

BC

.



 













 

 





 

Table 3- Mean squares for quadratic model in the method of response surface curves for increasing

germination percentageand weight vigor index



Seed vigor index



(Germination percentage)



Degrees of freedom



(Source of change)

26208 

332.22





946.45

0.78

A

35351.28

552.22





B

5299.35

60.50

 C

208.80

0

A * B

20.25

0.25

A * C

17.46

0.4

B * C

19245.15

217.01





78451.04

1007.96

*



78164.09

832.12

*



2529.13

8.79



2529.13

20.63



2.384

3.30





16





 



 ns 





Table 4- The final model (based on the code) for each of the dependent variables



Germination= 62 – 8.31  B -2.75  C -7.19 A2 -15.44  B2 – 14.06 C2 

Seed vigor index= 800  66.47  B -25.75  C– 136.9  B2 – 136.65  C2 

BC





























































C.V

























Wang et al., 2002

min

W°C 



minW°C















Gavrilov et al., 1996













 

























 

Fig 1- actual data values against predicted germination percentages





min

 W°C

 

min

min W 



 



































 

Sharififar et al., 2015







Actual









minW°C

 Fazeli et al., 2017





Fig: 2 Simple effect of power on germination





Fig. 3- Simple effect of time on germination





Minute





Power





Fig. 4 Actual data values against predicted seed index





















C.V

  























min WC°





min

WC°

























Actual



















min































minmin

 Tavakoli Dinani, 2009











Karimi fard et al., 2017





 



minW°C

Fazeli, 2017

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

Fig 5- Simple effect of power on seed vigor index





Minute

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-

Fig. 6- Simple effect of time on seed vigor index

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



 















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-

Fig 7- Optimal values for germination percentage and seed vigor index according to the variables of time,

power and temperature





Povewr

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













-

Fig 8- Optimal values for germination percentage according to the variables of time, power and temperature

















-

Fig 9-Optimal values for seed vigor index according to the variables of time, power and temperature













































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ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.

Effect of ultrasonic waves on seed germination of Atriplex lentiformis, Cuminum cyminum, and Zygophyllum eurypterum

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2015

Dormancy breaking and germination stimulation of seeds are important for proliferation and early production of rangeland plants. Some important plant seeds are barely germinating in usual natural conditions. Thus, research on novel, safe and healthy methods of germination stimulation of such plants seeds is important and helpful in many different aspects of plant studies. In this study, we assessed the effects of exposure to ultrasonic waves on germination of seeds of three important rangeland plants including Atriplex lentiformis, Cuminum cyminum and Zygophyllum eurypterum. These plants seeds have great importance in different aspects of plant utilizations such as medicinal, aromatic and agricultural uses and in rangeland/pasture rehabilitation, soil conservation and animal husbandry. Seeds were treated with ultrasonic waves for 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 min. The study was performed in Shahrood (northeast Iran) under laboratorial conditions. The percentage of germination of each culture revealed a significant positive effect of ultrasonic wave exposures. The statistical analyses were done by MSTATC software at probability level of 1% and the results were significant for all of the plants. Treatments of 5 and 7 minutes of exposure had the highest seed germination percentage, but 9 minutes of exposure had negative influence on germination in comparison with other treatments.

Medicago Scutellata Seed Dormancy Breaking by Ultrasonic Waves

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2014

In this study dormancy breaking of a hard-coated plant seed, Medicago scutellata, was investigated. The ultrasonic waves effect on the seed germination percentage, germination rate, radicle length and stalk length growth was assessed. Six treatments of waves exposure periods including 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 minutes were tested under laboratorial conditions. Statistical analyses were done at probability level of 0.01. Results revealed that the ultrasonic waves have a significantly positive effect on the seed dormancy breaking, but there was no linear correlation between the increasing times of exposure with any of the growth features. The best treatment for germination percentage and germination rate was the 7-minute one and the 3-minute one was the best for radicle length growth. Treatments of 3, 5 and 7 minutes had the same effect on stalk length growth and were better than all other treatments. The 9-minute treatment had a negative effect, even lessening the growth of all of the assessed features in comparison with the control treatment.

SEED DORMANCY IN HIGH ELEVATION PLANTS: IMPLICATIONS FOR ECOLOGY AND RESTORATION

Article

Full-text available

Thomas N. Kaye

Seed germination is a crucial event in the life of every sexually reproduced higher plant. A portion of the seeds of many species are dormant; they do not germinate unless specific environmental signals or events occur. The objective of this research was to determine the extent of seed dormancy in 28 species of grasses and forbs from alpine-subalpine areas of the Olympic Mountains, Clallam Co., Washington. Five species were non-dormant. After-ripening improved germination of eight species, five required cold stratification, scarification benefitted four, and some seeds of 11 species required light. Four others failed to germinate at all under the given treatments. At least one species may have possessed more than one dormancy mechanism. Results from this study support recommendations for shallow or surface sowing of seeds to satisfy light requirements and fall-planting to increase the likelihood of natural scarification and cold stratification. The diversity and extent of dormancy mechanisms encountered here suggests that under harsh and uncertain alpine growing conditions, natural selection may favor seeds with a genetic system for dormancy and delayed germination. After-ripening occurred even while seeds were in cold-dry storage, suggesting that ecological studies should not use cold-stored seeds and assume they will behave as though they are freshly matured. Seed dormancy may control germination timing and rate, which in turn effect plant establishment and competitive ability, and ultimately population, successional, and community patterns of high-elevation vegetation. Successful germination protocols improve propagation success and aid efforts to revegetate disturbed areas in Olympic National Park and other high-elevation areas in the Pacific Northwest.

Germination of the hard seed coated Opuntia tomentosa S.D., a cacti from the México valley

Article

Full-text available

Sep 2003

Germination of Opuntia tomentosa seeds collected during 1998 was evaluated using treatments of scarification (H2SO4), gibberellic acid (GA3), dry heat, soaking, light, after-ripening and stratification at constant and alternating temperatures. Seeds were positive photoblastic, germinated best at constant temperatures, and showed a combined dormancy (physiological and physical). Acid scarification, GA3, and heating induced germination, soaking and stratification did not. After 15 and 18 months, GA3 inhibited germination. Dormancy of seeds collected during 2000 was overcome with a short scarification. Differences between baths could be due to 1998 was very dry due to “El Niño”. It is important to identify maternal effects.

Seed germination of four thyme species after short-term storage at low temperatures at several moisture contents

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2004
SEED SCI TECHNOL

The effects of seed equilibration method prior to storage for one month at −18°C or at −160°C on germination percentage and T50 values were studied in six wild populations and three commercial accessions of four species of thyme (Thymus loscosii, T. mastichina, T. vulgaris and T. zygis). Seeds were equilibrated at 25°C in a 4%, 31%, 54% and 63% relative humidity (RH) atmosphere and at 15°C in a 15% RH atmosphere. Seed moisture contents before equilibration were similar among species (6.1-6.3%). After equilibration they ranged between 2.6% and 8.3% depending on the species and the equilibration method used. For the two storage temperatures, germination percentage only decreased with respect to control seeds (non-stored seeds) in one accession of T. zygis when seeds had been equilibrated at 31% RH and 25°C (5.8% moisture content, fresh weight basis). Influence of equilibration treatment on T50 values varied depending on the accession.

Effect of sound wave on the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein in Chrysanthemum

Article

Jan 2003

Effects of ultrasound irradiation on the growth of Japanese radish sprouts

Article

Mar 2015

The relationship between the frequency and pressure of ultrasound and the growth characteristics of a vegetable was experimentally investigated The Japanese radish sprout was chosen as the specimen, which grows in a short period. The number of germinated seeds, amount of water absorbed, and the length and mass of plants were evaluated Two bolt-clamped Langevin ultrasonic transducers (BLTs) were set under a water tank The design features of the two BLTs were the same, where two lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers of 35mm diameter and 5mm thickness were used. The distribution of sound pressures was measured using a hydrophone The growth characteristics of the sprouts were evaluated using the number of germinated seeds, amount of water absorbed, mass, and length of plants. In this study, although the experiment was performed in an air-conditioned room, environmental conditions such as temperature and humidity were not precisely controlled To evaluate the growth rate until germination, the number of germinated seeds was measured one day after seeding The results show that ultrasound could promote water absorption. On the other hand, a frequency of 180 kHz and pressures of 10 Pa, 1 kPa, and 10 kPa prevented the growth of the radish sprouts but not amount of water absorbed. As a result, it is concluded that the growth of Japanese radish sprouts can be controlled by ultrasound irradiation.

The ultrasound-treated soybean seeds improve edibility and nutritional quality of soybean sprouts

Article

Jan 2015
FOOD RES INT

The Uses of Ultrasound in Food Technology

Article

Nov 1996

The same physical and mechanical effects which have been utilised in sonochemistry, i.e. strong shear forces, particle fragmentation, increased mass and heat transfer, nucleation of seedling, have been applied to food processing. Examples are quoted from various applications where power ultrasound has been used to influence the development of living cells, improve sterilisation and effect enzyme activity. Typically ultrasound can be used as a processing aid in extraction, crystallisation, freezing, emulsification, filtration and drying.

Garcinia kola Heckel seeds dormancy-breaking

Article

Jul 2007

Seeds dormancy-breaking was investigated for Garcinia kola Heckel by using techniques that can afford small farmers for domestication. Garcinia kola seeds in their natural habitat have 6 weeks to 18 months dormancy. The methods experimented to overcome seed dormancy included conservation or removal of seed coat followed by pre-germination treatments including soaking for 24 hours in cold water (25°C), or in hot water (70°C); immersion in pineapple juice or incorporation in banana false trunk for one week. Sand mixed with compost and sawdust were used as germination substrata. The germination rates were quite low (0-40%) due to poor seed quality. Seed coat removal followed by soaking in cold water affected positively dormancy-breaking while the warm treatment caused embryo destruction and failure of seed germination. The effective dormancy-breaking methods to be recommended were decoated seeds soaked in cold water, coated seeds placed in banana false trunk and coated seeds soaked in pineapple juice where germination started 95, 102 and 110 days respectively from sowing with 130-141 days as mean germination time. The germination substratum irrespective of dormancy-breaking method didn't affect significantly either the germination percentage or the germination time. Further investigation is necessary to improve dormancy-breaking. Keywords. Garcinia kola, seed dormancy-breaking, germination rate, germination time, seedling growth.