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RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2019
www.PosterPresentations.com
Climate change and global warming is one of the most
extensively discussed topics in the late 20th and early 21st
century on our planet. Climate change refers to significant, long
term changes in the global climate due to an increase in the
average atmospheric temperature Increase in the average
temperature of troposphere is called as global warming. It is
occurred due to an increased amount of the heat striking the
earth from the sun is being trapped in the atmosphere and not
radiated out into space. The earth’s atmosphere is acted as
greenhouse which captures the sun’s heat. Greenhouse gasses
are responsible for global warming. Many researcher and
scientists now accepted that the increase in temperature in 20th
century is a global phenomenon and related to natural as well as
human activities. The associated impacts of global warming and
climate change are the sea level changes, increase in average
temperature of the earth, melting of ice caps, changing weather
phenomenon, effect on agricultural productivity, intensity of heat
waves and drought conditions. Therefore attempt is made here to
examine the causes and impacts of global warming and climate
change on the surface of the earth. The paper is mainly based on
secondary data and information source. The information
regarding climate change and global warming are discussed
mainly in reference to late 20th century to early 21st century
information. The study reveals that the major four greenhouse
gasses are responsible for global warming and climate change
on the surface of the earth. It is found that the millions of
people’s lives, property, farmland and ecology are disturbing due
to climate change.
Keywords: - Climate change, Global Warming, Greenhouse Gases,
Impacts
Climate change refers to significant, long term changes in the
global climate, especially a change due to an increase in the
average atmospheric temperature (dictionary.com). Increase in
the average temperature of the earth’s lower part of atmosphere i.
e. troposphere, is called global warming. It is occurred due to an
increased amount of the heat striking the earth from the sun is
being trapped in the atmosphere and not radiated out into space.
The earth’s atmosphere is acted as “greenhouse” which captures
the sun’s heat. Various greenhouse gases like Carbon dioxide,
Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Chlorofluorocarbon are responsible
for trapping the heat in the atmosphere. Some natural and man-
made events are responsible for Global warming. Leading
economists and scientists has said that sea-level rise of several
meters and major disruption to monsoon rains and river flows in
India are among the biggest global economic risks from climate
change. Monsoon systems affect larger areas over longer
timescales, and rainfall during monsoon season is likely to
intensify while becoming less predictable. The largest effect,
which is already being observed today, is an increase in year-to-
year variability of the monsoon strengths and the associated
extremes of rainfall (Hindustan Times, Sept.21, 2019).
The Fifth Assessment Report of Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate change concluded that there is a more than 95 per cent
probability that human activities over the past 50 years have
warmed our planet. Human produced greenhouse gases such as
carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide have caused much of
the observed increase in Earth’s temperatures over the past 50
years (IPCC, 2014). Changes in temperature change the great
patterns of wind that brings the monsoons in Asia and rain and
snow around the world, making drought and unpredictable
weather common. A warmer atmosphere makes glaciers and
mountain packs, the polar ice cap, and the great shield of
Antarctica melt raising sea levels. This is why scientists have
stopped focussing just on global warming and now focus on the
larger topic of climate change (Michael Shafer, 2017). Recently,
climate change is discussed as an anthropologically
phenomenon. Many scientists of today have been trying to
quantify climate change and its relation with other environmental
systems (Yen Yi Loo, et.al, 2014). On the basis of these
background attempt is made here to analyse the causes and
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES
The present study is based on secondary data and
information source. The information regarding climate
change and global warming are discussed mainly in
reference to late 20th century to early 21st century
information. This information is collected through research
articles, books and browsing the different websites related
to environmental programs on climate change. Collected
rough information are processed and analysed neatly by
researchers to understand the major contributors of global
warming, its impacts and endeavour to mitigate the problem
of global warming over the last century. On the basis of
above background and methodology the results and
conclusion are drawn.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A) Greenhouse Gases as Major Contributor of Climate Change:-
According to Merriam Webster dictionary, greenhouse gases are any
of various gaseous compounds (such as carbon dioxide or methane)
that absorb infrared radiation, trap heat in the atmosphere, and
contribute to the greenhouse effect. The most commonly
greenhouse gasses are discussed herewith.
i) Carbon dioxide (CO
2
):- CO
2
is one of the most common and most
talked greenhouse gas responsible for global warming and climate
change. It is a minor but very important component of the
atmosphere which is released through natural processes such as
respiration and volcano eruption. It is also released through human
activities such as deforestation, land use changes, burning fossil
fuels. Humans have increased atmospheric CO
2
concentration in the
atmosphere by more than a third since the Industrial Revolution
began. This is the most long-lived “forcing” of climate change.
ii) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs):- It is a synthetic compounds entirely
of industrial origin used in number of application. The main sources
of chlorofluorocarbons are air-conditioned and refrigerant leakages,
industrial solvent vapours and plastic foam. Now-a-days, CFCs are
largely regulated in production and release to the atmosphere by
international agreement for their ability to contribute to destruction
of the ozone layer. It lies in the stratosphere for a period of 65 to 110
years, so that the ozone layer is destroying very vastly in recent
years.
iii) Methane (CH
4
):- It is a hydrocarbon gas which is produced
through natural sources as well as human activities. It is released in
the atmosphere through the decomposition of wastes in landfills,
agriculture; especially rice cultivation, and manure management
associated with domestic livestock. Methane is one of the active
greenhouse gases, but it is one which is found much less abundant
in the atmosphere.
iv) Nitrous oxide (N
2
O):- It is produced through soil cultivation
practices such as the use of commercial and organic fertilizers,
fossil fuel combustions, nitric acid production, and biomass burning.
It lies in troposphere for a period of 140 to 190 years. Heat is
absorbed by the nitrous oxide in the troposphere, so that the ozone
gas is depleted in the stratosphere.
Forgoing discussions reveals that the Greenhouse gases
emitted in the atmosphere through both natural and man-made
activities are responsible for increase in temperature of global air.
The four major Greenhouse gases (Carbon dioxide,
Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane and Nitrous oxide) are responsible
for global warming.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The main objective of this paper is to analyse the
causes and impacts of global warming and climate
change.
*Dr. Lahane Baliram P. ** Dr. Jadhav Ganesh L.
*Associate Professor, Dept. of Geography, Associate Professor, Dept. of Geography,
Govt. Arts and Sci., College, Aurangabad ambhaji College, Murud. Ta.Dist. Latur
Email:- drbaliramlahane@gmail.com Email:- jadhav.ganesh6580@gmail.com
Impacts of Global Warming and Climate Change: A Geographical Study
INTRODUCTION
(Source: Center for Climate and Energy
Solutions)
(Source: US Environmental Protection Agency)
RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2019
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CONCLUSION
The foregoing analysis has given some focus on global warming and climate change. It is
observed that the greenhouse gasses are responsible for the global warming and climate change. The
contribution of four major gasses i.e. CO
2
, CFCs CH
4
and N
2
O play very effective role in global
warming and climate change. These gasses are released in the atmosphere by natural as well as
man-made activities. The observable long term effects of global warming and climate change on
environment is evidenced in late 20th century and early 21st century. The sea level changes, increase
in average temperature of the earth, melting of ice caps, changing weather phenomenon, effect on
agricultural productivity, intensity of heat waves and drought conditions are the common effects of
global warming and climate change on our planet. It disturbs millions of people lives, property,
farmland and ecology. Understanding the phenomenon of climate change and its associated impacts
should be the focal theme for future generation.
REFERENCES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
IPCC (2014): Summary of Policymakers. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate change. Contribution of
Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge
University Press, Cambridge, U.K and New York, U.S.A.
Michael Shafer (2017): “Climate Change Primer, What you need to know”, Warm Heart Environmental Program, A
Phrao Chiang Mai Thailand. Pp-8-10 https://warmheartworldwide.org/climate-change/
Milius S, (13 Dec., 2017): “Worries grow that climate change will quietly steal nutrients from major food crops”,
Science News. Retrieved 21 January 2018 (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_and_agriculture)
NASA (2016): “Global Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet”. Web link https://climate.nasa.gov/effects/
Yen Yi Loo, Lawal Billa, Ajit Singh (2014): “Effect of climate change on seasonal monsoon in Asia and its impact on
the variability of monsoon rainfall in Southeast Asia”, Geoscience Frontiers, China University of Geosciences (Beijing).
Pp-817,822.
https://climate.nasa.gov/causes
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/climate-change
https://www.google.co.in/amp/s/m.hindustantimes.com/india-news/climate-change-to-impact-monsoon-in-india-
report/story-gdmuvm01RwllmbV5kWSQDP_amp.html
https://www.meriam-webster.com/dictionary/greenhouse%20gas
Impacts of Global Warming and Climate Change: A Geographical Study
B) Impacts of Global Warming and Climate Change
In recent decades, our planet’s environment is intensively
affected by a global phenomenon climate change. Now a
day, it has observable effects on environment. The scientists
had predicted the effects of climate change in the past
would result from global warming are now occurring. The
following are some of the impacts of climate change have
been discussed herewith in brief.
i) Increase in Mean Temperature of the Earth: - According to
NASA, the average temperature of the earth has increased
about 1 degree Celsius in 20th century. The major reason
behind the increase in average temperature of the earth is
the greenhouse gases produced through natural and
anthropogenic activities. The IPPC predicts that increases in
global mean temperature will produce beneficial impacts in
some regions and harmful ones in other regions.
ii) Changing Weather phenomenon: - Global circulation of
wind pattern and ocean currents is important phenomenon
on the surface of the earth. It helps to regulate the
temperature of the earth by transporting heat from the
tropical region to higher latitude regions. Due to climate
change this system is disturbing for longer period of time.
The distribution and duration of precipitation is changing
with climate change which we called as global warming. The
cyclones i.e. hurricanes, typhoons etc. are becoming
stronger and intense in some parts of earth surface. Now-a-
days the hydrological cycle of the earth becomes more
intense. Some parts of the world are experiencing heavy
rainfall and some with very less rainfall. The long term
effects of global climate change are observed in
Marathwada region of Maharashtra state in India. In this
region after every three or four years the long dry periods of
monsoon with low or no rainfall is occurred.
iii) Sea Level Changes: - As reliable record of sea level
changes was started in 1880s, it has been observed that
global sea level has risen about 8 inches (NASA,2016). The
main reason behind the sea level changes is global warming.
Increase in mean temperature of the earth surfaces resulted
into melting of ice caps and glaciers in the Polar Regions
and Snowy Mountain peaks which raise the sea level water.
The coastal countries in developing world like India,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Maldives and Indonesia etc. are
facing the problem of sea level changes. Sea level rise
poses widespread and continuing threats to their region’s
economy and environment.
iv) Impact on Agriculture: - In recent years, climate change
and agriculture are interrelated processes which take place
on a global scale. Global warming affects agriculture in a
number of ways, including through changes in average
temperature, rainfall and climate extremes (e.g., heat waves);
changes in pests and diseases; changes in atmospheric
carbon dioxide and ground level ozone concentration;
changes in nutritional quality of foods (Milius S, 2017). It is
observed that more concentration of carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere helps some plants to grow faster. But due to
extra severe temperature, floods and drought reduce the
crop yield. Productivity of livestock and fisheries are also
affected from heat stroke.
v) Heat Waves and Droughts: - The summer temperature is
rising to continue heat waves in most of part of the world. It
reduces the soil moisture. Frequency and intensity of drought
are increasing in most part of the world. The intensity and
frequency of heat waves in Northern plains of India is
increasing in recent years. This region is experiencing the
long term effects of heat waves. Number of deaths of
human being and livestock are occurring due to heat waves.
Increased heat is resulted into heavy rainfall in some regions
and drought conditions in other regions. These all effects are
linked to global warming and climate change.
(Source:news_whistler9-1-300x188 )
Rising Sea Levels
Melting Glaciers
Flooding
(Source: worstdrought-300x200-300x200 )
(Source: atlanta_flood_1-300x198)
Changing Weather Phenomena
(Source:topic_sealevelrise_415953-300x169 )
(Source:Supercell-Sto9.rm-in-Brooker-Texas-USA-Photo-by-
Marko-Korosec-OurPlanetDaily- )
