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Grog-Tempered Pottery in the Mocama Province

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... Термин «шамот» был определен вслед за А.Шепард [6], Райсом [13] как предварительно обожженный глинистый продукт, растертый в мелкие кусочки и добавленный в глину как отощитель. Такое определение шамота также относится и к высушенной глине [18]. Как отмечают А.В.Гребенщиков и Е.И.Деревянко [19], традиционно шамотом исследователи считают: 1) обожженную измельченную глину; 2) дробленый керамический черепок; 3) высушенную комковатую глину; 4) непластичную, неразмокающую в водое глинистую породу (сухари, флинткели). ...
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Ancient ceramics are the valuable artifacts which saves the information about ancient people and their traditions. The process of making pottery is begun with the choosing and preparation of raw clay and temper material and further applying of different techniques (moulding of vessel, decoration etc.) and finally firing. Petrographical analysis of ancient pottery allows to determine the mineralogical composition of ceramic matrix, the features of their technology and to identify the raw mineral sources (Feliu et al. 2004, Papadopoulou et al. 2006, Bastie et al. 2006). Such kind investigations expand the frames of our knowledge about ancient technological traditions in pottery making. The following characteristics could be determined in thin-sections of ceramic shards: nature and features of plastic and aplastic inclusions; textural and optical characteristics of clay matrix; shape, amount and orientation of pores; features of surface treatment, decoration. This information is animportant for understanding of principles of ancient technologies. The different temper materials inside clay matrix such as sand, crushed rocks, organic materials, shells, grog can be identified accurately using petrography. The ceramic structure and characteristics of mineral changes during the firing are indicators of firing temperatures and atmosphere. A distribution of clay particles and porous inside of ceramic matrix is useful for reconstruction of moulding methods. The study of ceramic collection of the same cultural tradition and from the same region using petrography gives the possibility for differentiation of the natural and cultural factors influenced on the choose of raw materials, variations in the ceramic composition and techniques. This method is one the most precise for identification of an import pottery.
... Ceramic studies suggest that most vessels in Mocama assemblages are grog tempered, although the range includes some sand tempered wares (Ashley 2001(Ashley , 2009Ashley and Rolland 1997). The San Pedro pottery series 6 , dated to ca. ...
... Some time during the fifteenth century, St. Marys II pottery assemblages underwent changes in which wares became thicker, tempering became coarser (sand or grog), and cordage ashley CeramiC Chronology oF ne Florida 127 width became wider (Ashley 2009 (Ashley and Rolland 1997;Milanich 1971Milanich , 1972. In addition to cobmarked, San Pedro pottery occurs in a variety of surface decorations including check stamped, cordmarked, textile impressed, complicated stamped, and roughened. ...
... On the basis of sand frequency, San Pedro and San Marcos groups were subdivided into fine and sandy categories. For the San Pedro samples, the relative proportion of sandy examples may be higher than is typical of the type (see Ashley and Rolland, 1997;Ashley, 2001). Sponge spicule and sand frequency were used to subdivide St. Johns samples into very fine, fine and sandy categories. ...
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A case study is presented to test the notion that minority pottery types from 16th century contexts at the Fountain of Youth (FOY) site in St. Augustine reflect population movements from the north that preceded major political reorganizations in the region. Petrographic methods are employed to trace the manufacturing origins of early historic period aboriginal pottery in northeast Florida. Fragments of siliceous microfossils, including sponge spicules, opal phytoliths, and, most notably, diatoms, were identified in the matrix of some early historic period aboriginal pottery from FOY, as well as in some clay samples from the coastal region of northeast Florida and southeast Georgia. Diatom taxa are identified and their spatial distribution is assessed. The distribution of microfossils supports the nonlocal manufacturing origins of some samples from St. Augustine and conform to expectations about the historic movement of certain aboriginal groups to the settlement.
... On the basis of sand frequency, San Pedro and San Marcos groups were subdivided into fine and sandy categories. For the San Pedro samples, the relative proportion of sandy examples may be higher than is typical of the type (see Ashley and Rolland, 1997;Ashley, 2001). Sponge spicule and sand frequency were used to subdivide St. Johns samples into very fine, fine and sandy categories. ...
Thesis
L‘étude de l'apparition de la poterie dans Dnepr-Dvina bassin au 7-6 millénaires av. J.C., son développement ultérieur, et la formation des traditions sont au cœur de ce travail. L‘étude faite a permis de mettre en relief quelques traditions céramiques existant ici dans néolithique ancien, établir leur diverse genèse, proposer le schéma de leur chronologie absolue et relative, établir l‘analogie parmi la céramique des autres régions de l‘Europe de l‘Est. La datation 14C, l‘analyse spatiale, ainsi que l‘analyse de la distribution des récipients des diverses phases céramiques selon les sites ont été à la base du schéma de la chronologie relative et absolue élaboré. On présente les fonctions de la céramique, ainsi que les traditions technologiques, morphologiques et ornementaux dans la région étudiée ; ces dernières reflétant les spécificités des cultures locales et les processus d‘interaction entre les populations. Une attention particulière était donnée à l‘étude de la céramique de la région de Dnepr-Dvina dans le contexte du néolithique ancien de l‘Europe de l'Est qui a permis de proposer le modèle de néolithisation pour la fin 7-6 millénaires av. J.C. À partir de l‘analyse de la poterie de Dnepr-Dvina bassin et d‘autres régions, on peut supposer l‘absence du transfert complet d‘autres ensembles céramiques sur le territoire donné, on fixe le transfert seulement leurs composantes séparées. Les traditions communes céramiques ou leurs composantes existées dans divers régions, éloignés sur la distance considérable l‘un de l‘autre, peut indiquer l‘existence de l‘espace commun subculturel unissant les sociums, attribués aux cultures archéologiques différentes.
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In the southeastern United States, many Native American societies invested iconographic meaning in the surface decorations incised or stamped on pottery. While some symbols represented cosmological concepts, others probably designated tribe, village, clan, or other social units. This is certainly true of groups that lived in La Florida, where, at contact, there were clear correlations between some Native American groups and pottery types. During the mission period, however, these associations became blurred. Variability diminished, and three pottery types dominated assemblages of utilitarian wares used by Native Americans and Spaniards. Heretofore, this stylistic turn of events was explained as the result of new allegiances and identities that emerged in the 1600s. It is argued here that, in the Southeast (as elsewhere), the market was responsible for some of this uniformity. Cosmological concepts present in the prehistoric variant of one of these types were retained for some time, however.
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Although this volume covers a broad range of temporal and methodological topics, the chapters are unified by a geographic focus on the archaeology of the Georgia Bight. The various research projects span multiple time periods (including Archaic, Woodland, Mississippian, and contact periods) and many incorporate specialized analyses (such as petrographic point counting, shallow geophysics, and so forth). The 26 contributors conducting this cutting-edge work represent the full spectrum of the archaeological community, including museum, academic, student, and contract archaeologists. Despite the diversity in professional and theoretical backgrounds, temporal periods examined, and methodological approaches pursued, the volume is unified by four distinct, yet interrelated, themes. Contributions in Part I discuss a range of analytical approaches for understanding time, exchange, and site layout. Chapters in Part II model coastal landscapes from both environmental and social perspectives. The third section addresses site-specific studies of late prehistoric architecture and village layout throughout the Georgia Bight. Part IV presents new and ongoing research into the Spanish mission period of this area. These papers were initially presented and discussed at the Sixth Caldwell Conference, cosponsored by the American Museum of Natural History and the St. Catherines Island Foundation, held on St. Catherines Island, Georgia, May 20-22, 2011. TABLE OF CONTENTS: Revising the ¹⁴C reservoir correction for St. Catherines Island, Georgia / David Hurst Thomas, Matthew C. Sanger, and Royce H. Hayes -- An assessment of coastal faunal data from Georgia and northeast Florida / Alexandra L. Parsons and Rochelle A. Marrinan -- Archaeological geophysics on St. Catherines Island : beyond prospection / Ginessa J. Mahar -- Paste variability and clay resource utilization at the Fountain of Youth site, St. Augustine, 8SJ31 / Ann S. Cordell and Kathleen A. Deagan -- Petrographic analysis of pottery and clay samples from the Georgia Bight : evidence of regional social interactions / Neill J. Wallis and Ann S. Cordell -- Past shorelines of the Georgia coast / Chester B. DePratter and Victor D. Thompson -- Coastal landscapes and their relationship to human settlement on the Georgia coast / John A. Turck and Clark R. Alexander -- The role of small islands in foraging economies of St. Catherines Island / Matthew F. Napolitano -- Ever-shifting landscapes : tracking changing spatial usage along coastal Georgia / Matthew C. Sanger -- A paleoeconomic model of the Georgia coast (4500-300 B.P.) / Thomas G. Whitley -- A survey of Irene phase architecture on the Georgia coast / Deborah A. Keene and Ervan G. Garrison -- Life and death on the Ogeechee : a view from the Redbird Creek village / Ryan O. Sipe -- Mission San Joseph de Sapala : mission-period archaeological research on Sapelo Island / Richard W. Jefferies and Christopher R. Moore -- The Guale landscape of Mission Santa Catalina de Guale : 30 years of geophysics at a Spanish colonial mission / Elliot H. Blair -- Missions San Buenaventura and Santa Cruz de Guadalquini : retreat from the Georgia coast / Keith H. Ashley, Vicki L. Rolland, and Robert L. Thunen -- Entangling events : the Guale coastal landscape and the Spanish missions / Victor D. Thompson, John A. Turck, Amanda D. Roberts Thompson, and Chester B. DePratter -- Island and coastal archaeology on the Georgia Bight / Scott M. Fitzpatrick.
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This thesis presents a detailed analysis of a St. Johns II (A.D. 900-1250) ceramic assemblage recovered from the Shields site in extreme northeastern Florida. The ceramic assemblage was recovered from activity areas immediately north and northwest of the Shields burial mound (8DU12). The study collection is comprised of two pottery types: the St. Johns and Ocmulgee III series. St. Johns ceramics represent the local tradition and Ocmulgee pottery was originally produced in south-central Georgia near the confluences of the Ocmulgee, Oconee, and Altamaha rivers. This mixed assemblage offers the opportunity to explore the maintenance of pottery traditions (i.e., paste construction, formal and stylistic characteristics). The study also examines the possible roles of pottery at this ritual/ceremonial site as well as the roles of St. Johns and Ocmulgee women potters who, through the steadfast recreation of traditional pottery vessels, reinforced and reproduced cultural identity while engaging in long distance and long-term interaction. The construction of traditional vessels was not a fragile concept to the women of this area, for, through 350 years of exchange, trade, probable intermarriage, and alliance, distinct pottery traditions persisted.
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