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DES ABEILLES, DES HUMAINS ET DU MIEL / Bee, Human and Honey

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Bee, Human and Honey: Les abeilles et les Humains cohabitent sur la terre depuis que la race humaine est apparue. Depuis des siècles la biologie de ces insectes est étudiée par les scientifiques et les amoureux de la nature. Leur caractère besogneux et leur organisation en structure eusociale font d'Apis mellifera des insectes fascinants. Tous les secrets de leur communication subtile ainsi que de l'exécution de leurs tâches au sein de la colonie n'ont pas été percés. L'Humain au milieu de cela consomme le précieux miel des abeilles et pratique l'apiculture pour faciliter son partenariat avec les insectes. Aujourd'hui le miel est perçu par la communauté scientifique et médicale comme une voie d'exploration thérapeutique. Ce produit de la nature regorge de polyphénols végétaux dont la composition subtile donne au miel des propriétés cicatrisante, antibactérienne, anti-oxydante et anti-inflammatoire. Bien que les vertus du miel soient relayées depuis l'Antiquité, les champs d'application de certains miels sont désormais explorés par la communauté scientifique et médical. Néanmoins, les abeilles sont actuellement malmenées et dangereusement menacées par les activités humaines. Abeille / Apis mellifera / Communication / Apiculture / Ruche / Miel / Polyphénols / Remèdes / Colony Collapse Disorder / / Néonicotinoïdes / Varroa / Frelon asiatique
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Article
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Honey mainly consists of sugars and water. Apart from sugars, honey also contains several vitamins, especially B complex and vitamin C, together with a lot of minerals. Some of the vitamins found in honey include ascorbic acid, pantothenic acid, niacin and riboflavin; while minerals such as calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium and zinc are also present. Honey has been used for its healing, nutritional and therapeutic properties since ancient times. Its antibacterial potentials even against multi-drug resistant bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacterbaumanni have been proved. Honey is well known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacities, which may be useful for the prevention of chronic inflammatory process like atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. The antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of honey will be reviewed here.
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Thesis
Les produits de la ruche sont depuis des millénaires exploités par l'homme. Parmi eux, le miel a toujours été apprécié, d'une part pour ses qualités gustatives et d'autre part, parce que c'est un produit doté de nombreuses vertus thérapeutiques. Les usages empiriques ont traversé lessiècles, mais l'avènement de la chimie moderne, les a progressivement fait tomber dans l'oubli. Aujourd'hui, des chercheurs du monde entier publient des travaux qui montrent que le miel est : antibactérien, anti-inflammatoire, anti-oxydant, cicatrisant... Mai s il est dommage de constater qu'autant de propriétés soient aussi peu exploitées. En effet, il y a encore beaucoup à faire pour que le miel soit reconnu par le corps médical comme une thérapeutique efficace. Et alors que les abeilles sont menacées de disparaître, il serait grand temps de redécouvrir le miel.
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Bumblebees are familiar and charismatic insects, occurring throughout much of the world. They are increasingly being used as a model organism for studying a wide range of ecological and behavioural concepts, such as social organization, optimal foraging theories, host-parasite interactions, and pollination. Recently they have become a focus for conservationists due to mounting evidence of range coBIOL15ANIB and catastrophic extinctions with some species disappearing from entire continents (e.g. in North America). Only by improving our understanding of their ecology can we devise sensible plans to conserve them. The role of bumblebees as invasive species (e.g. Bombus terrestris in Japan) has also become topical with the growing trade in commercial bumblebee nests for tomato pollination leading to establishment of non-native bumblebees in a number of countries. Since the publication of the first edition of the book, there have been hundreds of research papers published on bumblebees. There is clearly a continuing need for an affordable, well-illustrated, and appealing text that makes accessible all of the major advances in understanding of the behaviour and ecology of bumblebees that have been made in the last 30 years.
Le grand livre du miel des des abeilles
  • F Jouve
Jouve F. Le grand livre du miel des des abeilles. Paris: Solar; 1997.
La biologie de l'abeille
  • M L Winston
Winston ML. La biologie de l'abeille. Paris;