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Agricultura em Bases Agroecológicas e Conservacionista
Abstract
APRESENTAÇÃO
A obra “Agricultura em Bases Agroecológicas e Conservacionista” tem
foco e discussão principal sobre técnicas e práticas agrícolas consolidadas e em
perspectiva para avanços consistentes na agroecologia e agricultura baseadas no
conservacionismo.
O objetivo foi apresentar literatura para assuntos emergentes dentro da
temática central da obra, sendo que do capítulo 1 ao 8 os leitores encontraram
revisões de literatura sobre homeopatia, alimentação alternativa de animais e
insetos, comunicação em agroecologia, novas tecnologias na era 4G, bioativação
e remineralizadores de solo. Já do capítulo 9 ao 20 foram apresentados trabalhos e
investigações aplicados dentro desses assuntos e outros complementares.
Participaram desta produção científica autores da Universidade Estadual de
Maringá, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Universidade Federal do Mato
Grosso e Universidade Federal do Paraná.
Os temas diversos discutidos neste material propuseram fundamentar o
conhecimento de acadêmicos e profissionais das áreas de agroecologia e agricultura
conservacionista e destinar um material que demonstre que essas vertentes agrícolas
são consistentes e apresentam ciência de fato.
Deste modo, a obra “Agricultura em Bases Agroecológicas e Conservacionista”
apresenta material bibliográfico relevantemente fundamentado nos resultados práticos
obtidos pelos diversos pesquisadores, professores, acadêmicos e profissionais que
arduamente desenvolveram seus trabalhos que aqui foram apresentados de maneira
didática e valorosa para o leitor.
At.te
Higo Forlan Amaral
Kátia Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any citations for this publication.
Objetivou-se estimar o consumo e caracterizar o perfil do consumidor de frango da cidade de João Pessoa-PB. Foram entrevistadas 500 pessoas residentes na cidade de João Pessoa mediante questionário do tipo fechado. Os questionários foram aplicados em supermercados de pequeno, médio e grande porte, além de um mercado público da cidade de João Pessoa, abrangendo assim diversos tipos de consumidores. O intervalo de confiança foi de 95%, haja vista que é o mais utilizado em pesquisas de marketing, e do erro de 5%. Após isso, os dados foram analisados estatisticamente, sendo obtidas as frequências relativas e absolutas para cada questão. Os resultados demonstraram que a carne de frango é a segunda carne preferida dos consumidores e que os cortes de frango são preferidos em relação ao frango inteiro. Cortes como o peito e a coxa apresentam maior preferência entre os consumidores, que escolhem seus produtos através principalmente do sabor e do seu valor nutritivo, considerando o preço como motivo secundário. A maioria dos entrevistados habitualmente não consome frango caipira.
Objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes substratos no desenvolvimento de mudas de pimenteira ornamental (Capsicum sp). O estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Biotecnologia Vegetal do CCA/UFPB. Foram utilizados doze tratamentos T1 = substrato comercial Plantmax® (tratamento controle); T2 = areia lavada (100%); T3 = terra vegetal (100%); T4 = areia lavada + esterco bovino (1:1 v/v); T5 = areia lavada + terra vegetal (1:1 v/v); T6 = substrato comercial Plantmax® + terra vegetal (1:1 v/v); T7 = areia lavada + terra vegetal + substrato comercial Plantmax® (1:1:1 v/v); T8 = terra vegetal + areia lavada + esterco caprino (1:1:1 v/v); T9 = terra vegetal + areia lavada + esterco bovino (1:1:1 v/v); T10 = substrato comercial Plantmax® + esterco caprino + areia lavada; T11 = areia lavada + substrato comercial Plantmax® + esterco bovino (1:1:1 v/v); T12 = areia lavada + esterco caprino + esterco bovino + terra vegetal (1:1:1:1 v/v), com 16 repetições. As combinações de substrato; areia lavada + terra vegetal + Plantmax® (T7), terra vegetal + areia lavada + esterco caprino (T8), terra vegetal + areia lavada + esterco bovino (T11), areia lavada + Plantmax® + esterco bovino e areia lavada + esterco caprino + esterco bovino + terra vegetal (T12), são indicadas como substrato alternativo na produção de mudas de pimenteira ornamental. É possível a utilização de substratos alternativos na produção de mudas de pimenteira ornamental uma vez que estes não prejudicam o desenvolvimento das plântulas
Honey is a natural sweetener with a complex composition. Honey features vary depending on the botanical source and geographical origin, as well as climatic, processing and storage conditions. Honey is mainly composed of carbohydrates and water, parameters that influence its shelf life and some of its properties, including color, flavor, density, viscosity, hygroscopicity, and crystallization. Honey also contains small amounts of other components, such as nitrogen compounds, organic acids, minerals, vitamins, Maillard reaction products, volatile compounds, and several bioactive substances that affect sensory and physical characteristics, as well as biological potential. This review summarizes the literature about the composition and main properties of honey. It also describes the use of honey as a biomonitor for collecting information about the environment, identifying environmental contamination and assessing the level of soil, water, plant and air pollution.
Simple Summary
Public knowledge of meat chicken production and how it influences attitudes to birds? welfare and consumer behaviour is poorly understood. We therefore conducted a survey of the public in SE Queensland, Australia, from which we determined that industry knowledge was limited. Where it existed, it related to an empathetic attitude towards chicken welfare and an increase in chicken consumption. This suggests that consumers who eat more chicken believe that they should understand the systems of production of the animals that they are consuming.
Abstract
Little is known about public knowledge of meat chicken production and how it influences attitudes to birds? welfare and consumer behaviour. We interviewed 506 members of the public in SE Queensland; Australia; to determine how knowledge of meat chicken production and slaughter links to attitudes and consumption. Knowledge was assessed from 15 questions and low scores were supported by respondents? self-assessed report of low knowledge levels and agreement that their knowledge was insufficient to form an opinion about which chicken products to purchase. Older respondents and single people without children were most knowledgeable. There was uncertainty about whether chicken welfare was adequate, particularly in those with little knowledge. There was also evidence that a lack of empathy towards chickens related to lack of knowledge, since those that thought it acceptable that some birds are inadequately stunned at slaughter had low knowledge scores. More knowledgeable respondents ate chicken more frequently and were less likely to buy products with accredited labelling. Approximately half of the respondents thought the welfare of the chicken was more important than the cost. It is concluded that the public?s knowledge has an important connection to their attitudes and consumption of chicken.
The disposal of expanded polystyrene contributes to the current pollution problem. To deal with such issues, there are different recycling methods. However, most of these options are expensive and environmentally unfriendly.
Herein, we report an alternative, environmentally friendly and cheaper recycling process for recovering expanded polystyrene at room temperature based on commercial essential oils used without further purification. Full dissolution of the polystyrene was achieved with a maximum ratio of 1:1 wt%. This dissolution time is at least four times faster than with limonene. Pure waste expanded polystyrene (WEP) was recovered with methanol and finally dried. All the essential oils were recovered and used again. The raw materials: WEP, the essential oils, and the recovered WEP were characterised using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis.
Anthropogenic activities alter the structure and function of a bacterial community. Furthermore, bacterial communities structured by the conditions the anthropogenic activities present may consequently reduce their stability in response to an unpredicted acute disturbance. The present mesocosm-scale study exposed soil bacterial communities to different irrigation water types, including freshwater, fertilized freshwater, treated wastewater, and artificial wastewater, and evaluated their response to a disturbance caused by heat. These effectors may be considered deterministic and stochastic forces common in agricultural operations of arid and semiarid regions. Bacterial communities under conditions of high mineral and organic carbon availability (artificial wastewater) differed from the native bacterial community and showed a proteobacterial dominance. These bacterial communities had a lower resistance to the heat treatment disturbance than soils under conditions of low resource availability (high-quality treated wastewater or freshwater). The latter soil bacterial communities showed a higher abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) classified as Bacilli. These results were elucidated by soil under conditions of high resource availability, which lost higher degrees of functional potential and had a greater bacterial community composition change. However, the functional resilience, after the disturbance ended, was higher under a condition of high resource availability despite the bacterial community composition shift and the decrease in species richness. The functional resilience was directly connected to the high growth rates of certain Bacteroidetes and proteobacterial groups. A high stability was found in samples that supported the coexistence of both resistant OTUs and fast-growing OTUs.
IMPORTANCE
This report presents the results of a study employing a hypothesis-based experimental approach to reveal the forces involved in determining the stability of a soil bacterial community to disturbance. The resultant postdisturbance bacterial community composition dynamics and functionality were analyzed. The paper demonstrates the relatedness of community structure and stability under cultivation conditions prevalent in an arid area under irrigation with water of different qualities. The use of common agricultural practices to demonstrate these features has not been described before. The combination of a fundamental theoretical issue in ecology with common and concerning disturbances caused by agricultural practice makes this study unique. Furthermore, the results of the present study have applicable importance regarding soil conservation, as it enables a better characterization and monitoring of stressed soil bacterial communities and possible intervention to reduce the stress. It will also be of valued interest in coming years, as fresh water scarcity and the use of alternative water sources are expected to rise globally.
Fertilization is one of the most common agricultural practices to meet an increasing global demand for food products. Few investigations have been reported on spatial variation of microbial community composition in response to fertilizations in agroecosystems at a large scale. To improve the related understandings, we have evaluated the taxonomic and phylogenetic diversities of bacterial taxa in response to three fertilization strategies in six paddy experiment sites spanning across subtropical China. We found the large-scale compositional variation of paddy bacterial community is shaped by both geographic location and environmental selection, and the former is the dominant factor. The slopes of distance-decay relationships (DDR) are flattened by fertilizations, NPK (mineral NPK fertilizers) and OM (mineral NPK fertilizers plus organic amendments) when compared to Control. A flattened DDR implies that bacterial community composition is greatly homogenized by fertilizations in paddies. It is also inferred that fertilization decreases sensitivity of bacterial community to geographic and environmental factors, which is speculated to be beneficial for agroecosystem stability and yield sustainability. Results from this investigation correlate microscopic agroecosystem with macroscopic agricultural practices.