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IoT Based Approach for Assembly Modeling System with Adafruit Cloud
Abstract
In this technological world, the Internet of Things (IoT) is new emerging technology which is revolutionizing the real world objects (i.e., cars, home appliances, baby monitor, etc) into automated virtual objects. These real world objects are connected by the help of embedded devices to the internet where they collect and share data by means of low cost computing. IoT has also a great impact in manufacturing zone and it brings changes in business prototypes. But in the application of current enterprises, an obstruction is encountered by computer aided software's when they deal with dynamics, uncertainties and complexities. It is proclaimed that the problem can be solved by adopting IoT and cloud services in systems of enterprise. In this research paper, challenges in creating composite product's assembly plans are discussed and IoT based approach for automation of assembly modeling system is presented by integrating cloud services. Adafruit cloud service and IoT are proposed in developing advanced systems from existing assembly system which deals automatically with complexities. The new approach has modularized architecture which is stable and flexible. Automated algorithm for assembly planning and object-oriented templates is proposed for reusing the system parts. This approach efficiently reduces the complexity of system as well as decrease the error rate.
... The concentration of researchers is to implicate machinery to reduce this cost of living. IoT brings revolution by automation in agriculture [2], [3], sports [4], health [5], power management [6], industry [7] and assembly modeling [8], [9]. On the other hand, the increase demand of services also requires the data storage and exchange in wellorganized way over the internet. ...
With passage of time, technology is rapidly
growing. People and daily life processes are highly dependent on
internet. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an area of magnificent
impact, growth and potential with the advent and rapid growth
of smart homes, smart agriculture, smart cities and smart
everything. Internet of Things (IoT) construct an environment in
which everything is integrated and digitalized. People depend on
smart phones and want to do their daily routine tasks in easy and
quick way. Ordinary homes consist of multiple digital appliances
that are controlled or managed by individual remote systems. It’s
very hectic to use multiple individual remotes to control various
component of homes. In current technological era, rather than
home appliances, almost all type of home components available
in digital forms. Various home automation systems with different
specifications and implementations were proposed in literature.
This research objective is to introduce an IoT based approach for
efficient home automation system using Arduino and
ThingSpeak. We have automated almost all essential aspects of
smart home. Proposed system is efficient in terms of low power
consumption, green building and increases the life of digital
appliances. ThingSpeak cloud platform is used to integrate the
home components; analyze and process the data. State of the art
MQTT protocol is implemented for LAN communication. This
paper will provide a path to IoT developers and researchers to
sense, digitalize and control the homes in perspective of future
IoT. Moreover, this work is serving as an instance of how life will
be easier with the help of IoT applications
The Internet of Things is playing a significant role
in the present era of technology to develop methods of
communication in day-to-day life. By establishing seamless
communication with the digital world, it has allowed us to
communicate, analyse, and organize our daily operations in an
effective manner. Voting is significant and intricate procedure
that requires transparency. Manual voting is always laborious
and transparent danger is larger. The challenge of conducting
fair elections in universities is always highly challenging due to
election rigging among many student organizations. Therefore,
a secure electronic voting system based on the Arduino
microcontroller and pubNub is suggested in this research work.
The students can generously and without any restrictions cast
their votes in online to this sophisticated, contemporary, and
reliable technology. The fundamental aim of this article is to use
the internet of things to automate the voting process, which will
increase the accuracy, speed, and overall security of the
elections. Students' fingerprints are typically taken by
institutions as part of the admissions procedure. The voting
process will be verified using these fingerprints. To verify the
veracity of the suggested system, a test case prototype has been
put into practice during experimentation. Utilizing online views
and graphs, real-time findings are demonstrated.
Internet of Things (IoT) refers to the linking of computing devices (also known as nodes) for communication through wireless sensor networks. It is automating the world processes with billions of sensors and actuators. IoT is evolving with each passing day. Sensors are used as a node for sensing and collecting data. A sensor is an electronic component that detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment. They are used to detect motion, pressure, temperature, moisture, sensitivity, and many other physical quantities. The journey from smart applications to the smart world is possible due to smart sensors. In this paper, we have precisely reviewed the sensors with their specifications and uses in smart applications. A wide range of smart applications is discussed along with the sensors that bring the applications to work. Furthermore, the Internet of Things taxonomy has been created in the context of sensors to smart applications. We have also elaborated on the IoT enabling technologies like wireless sensor networks, data analytics, cloud computing, etc for a better understanding of researchers.
Technology brings a remarkable advancement in every field of life, whether its industry or agriculture. Our lives are essentially dependent on agricultural development. Researchers are working to integrate modern technologies in agriculture to develop new practices for the enhancement of healthy agriculture and production. Internet of things is a domain of computer science that provides mechanisms and techniques to interconnect a wide range of digital devices to automate the real-life systems. In big cities, peoples facing problems in their homegrown gardens regarding the maintenance and availability of proper gardeners. This research paper has proposed an IoT based approach for smart garden monitoring using NodeMCU microcontroller that helps the users in identifying current parameters of temperature, moisture, and humidity of their homegrown plants and gardens. A prototype has been implemented to show the real illustration of the proposed approach. An android mobile application has been developed to display the real-time profiles of environmental factors like temperature, moisture, and humidity. With the help of this system, users will be able to treat their gardens in a better way in terms of plant health and growth. This research work replaces the need for gardeners and issues faced during the maintenance of gardens in big cities. The purpose of this research is to introduce and prosper the IoT innovation towards smart cities in our society.
The use of Digital Mock-Up (DMU) has become mainstream to support the engineering activities all along the Product Development Process. Over the years, companies generate large databases containing digital models and documents related to their products. Considering complex products, the DMU can be composed of several hundred thousand parts assembled together in assembly trees containing tens of sub-assemblies, and representing several terabytes of data. The ability to retrieve existing models is crucial for the competitiveness of companies, as it can help to leverage existing solutions, results and knowledge associated with previous products. To speed up the access to this large amount of reusable information, CAD models search approaches have been proposed, including the so-called content-based search techniques which do not rely on metadata and data organization but exploit the implicit knowledge embedded in the models. As part of a system for the retrieval of CAD assembly models, this paper introduces a set of four measures to evaluate assembly similarities according to multiple criteria. These measures are combined to assess three different levels of similarity (local, partial and global). The local measure only considers the contribution of the parts that are similar in the compared assemblies, while partial and global measures take also into account the number of similar parts compared to the total number of parts in the query and in the target model. Moreover, an ad-hoc visualization interface has been designed to clearly highlight the different similarities and to allow a fast identification of the target models. The validation of the proposed method is discussed, the dataset used to this aim is provided with the specification of the adopted ground truth and some examples of the obtained results are shown.
In today’s dynamic manufacturing environments, the adoption of virtual reality (VR)-based simulation technologies to help in product and process design activities is becoming more widespread. With the onset of the next IT-oriented revolution involving global cyber manufacturing practices, the recent emergence of Internet of things (IoT)-related technologies holds significant promise in ushering an era of seamless information exchange which will provide a robust foundation for the next generation of smart manufacturing frameworks dependent on cyber physical system (CPS)-based principles, approaches, and technologies. In this paper, we present a broad framework for IoT-based collaborations involving the adoption of VR-based analysis environments networked with other cyber physical components. The process context for this VR-centered approach is electronics assembly, which involves the assembly of printed circuit boards. In such manufacturing contexts, it is essential to have a seamless flow of data/information among the various cyber physical components to ensure an agile collaborative strategy which can accommodate changing customer needs. VR-based simulation environments play a key role in this framework which supports multiple users collaborating using haptic interfaces and next-generation network technologies. The simulation outcomes and production data from physical shop floors can be compared and analyzed using this IoT framework and approach.
The proliferation of digital devices in a networked industrial ecosystem, along with an exponential growth in complexity and scope, has resulted in elevated security concerns and management complexity issues. This paper describes a novel architecture utilizing concepts of autonomic computing and a simple object access protocol (SOAP)-based interface to metadata access points (IF-MAP) external communication layer to create a network security sensor. This approach simplifies integration of legacy software and supports a secure, scalable, and self-managed framework. The contribution of this paper is twofold: 1) A flexible two-level communication layer based on autonomic computing and service oriented architecture is detailed and 2) three complementary modules that dynamically reconfigure in response to a changing environment are presented. One module utilizes clustering and fuzzy logic to monitor traffic for abnormal behavior. Another module passively monitors network traffic and deploys deceptive virtual network hosts. These components of the sensor system were implemented in C++ and PERL and utilize a common internal D-Bus communication mechanism. A proof of concept prototype was deployed on a mixed-use test network showing the possible real-world applicability. In testing, 45 of the 46 network attached devices were recognized and 10 of the 12 emulated devices were created with specific operating system and port configurations. In addition, the anomaly detection algorithm achieved a 99.9% recognition rate. All output from the modules were correctly distributed using the common communication structure.
After the technologies of integrated circuits, personal computers, and the Internet, Internet of Things (IoT) is the latest information technology (IT) that is radically changing business paradigms. However, IoT’s influence in the manufacturing sector has yet been fully explored. On the other hand, existing computer-aided software tools are experiencing a bottleneck in dealing with complexity, dynamics, and uncertainties in their applications of modern enterprises. It is argued that the adoption of IoT and cloud computing in enterprise systems (ESs) would overcome the bottleneck. In this paper, the challenges in generating assembly plans of complex products are discussed. IoT and cloud computing are proposed to help a conventional assembly modeling system evolve into an advanced system, which is capable to deal with complexity and changes automatically. To achieve this goal, an assembly modeling system is automated, and the proposed system includes the following innovations: 1) the modularized architecture to make the system robust, reliable, flexible, and expandable; 2) the integrated object-oriented templates to facilitate interfaces and reuses of system components; and 3) the automated algorithms to retrieve relational assembly matrices for assembly planning. Assembly modeling for aircraft engines is used as examples to illustrate the system effectiveness.
There is a trend in industrial systems towards the use of common-off-the-shelf (COTS) components to develop applications that interact with open systems. This trend includes among others the use of high-level languages, such as Java, and Internet protocols (HTTP, and Web Services). Although many industrial systems use these technologies at their business layers, they are far from offering a homogeneous programming platform in their most internal infrastructures. This article extends the current practice by introducing a real-time Java-centric architecture for industrial systems. The architecture integrates existing and upcoming technology to define a Java-based approach. The empirical evidence, included in the article, illustrates the performance of the core of the industrial layer of this architecture.
This paper addresses the problem of knowledge templates update in product development. A framework is developed to support
template instances update process by providing a decision support system and an update strategy. An Issue-Based Information
system is designed to allow the collaboration among various experts in order to solve template related problems. An ontology
is used to represent and to reason on knowledge about templates, products and their relations. This allows the construction
of an update sequence for the template’s instances as it provides an efficient overview of relationships, even implicit ones.
The proposed framework fills an actual gap concerning template updates, which slows down templates adoption for large scale
industrial use.
KeywordsKnowledge-Based Engineering–Knowledge template–CAA V5–CATIA V5–Update Strategy–Ontology–Issue-Based Information System
Presented in this article is a review of manufacturing techniques and introduction of reconfigurable manufacturing systems; a new paradigm in manufacturing which is designed for rapid adjustment of production capacity and functionality, in response to new market conditions. A definition of reconfigurable manufacturing systems is outlined and an overview of available manufacturing techniques, their key drivers and enablers, and their impacts, achievements and limitations is presented. A historical review of manufacturing from the point-of-view of the major developments in the market, technology and sciences issues affecting manufacturing is provided. The new requirements for manufacturing are discussed and characteristics of reconfigurable manufacturing systems and their key role in future manufacturing are explained. The paper is concluded with a brief review of specific technologies and research issues related to RMSs. Peer Reviewed http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46513/1/10845_2004_Article_268791.pdf
This paper presents an integrated approach to design an assembly, fixture schemes and an assembly sequence, such that the dimensional integrity of the assembly is insensitive to the dimensional variations of individual parts. The adjustability of critical dimensions and the proper constraining of parts during assembly process are the keys in achieving the dimensional integrity of the final assembly. A top down design method is developed which recursively decomposes a lump of initial product geometry and fixture elements matching critical dimensions, into parts and fixtures. At each recursion, joints are assigned to the interfaces between two subassemblies to ensure parts and fixtures are properly constrained at every assembly step. A case study on a simple frame structure is presented to demonstrate the method.
Basketball, is one of the most played games in the world with huge amount of fan following and has great number of basket ballers. Sometimes players get severe lower body wounds such as ankle sprains, shortage of breath, head, teeth, hand and fingers. Female players have higher risk of knee injuries than the male players. These are health issues that players face while playing basketball. Sports organizations spend millions to train fresh basketball players or for the development of the previous basketball players. The internet of things (IOT) made everyday things readable, controllable and recognizable through internet and the wireless sensor networks. It is simply the network of interconnected devices which are embedded with sensors, software and connectivity modules. Nowadays, with this growing technology it is possible to protect the life of players in the game as well as in training sessions, if we detect the problems early in players and appropriate actions will be taken to reduce adverse health effects which can be very dangerous. In this paper we will propose an architecture for basketball based on internet of things (IOT). The main goal behind this approach is to introduce healthcare system based upon sensors, actuators, devices and telecommunication technologies to communicating real time stats.
Internet of things is an emerging technology that efficiently and effectively improving our daily life activities. It reducing the cost of living by automating the manual processes. It integrates physical objects and devices via internet for synchronized communication. Currently the cost of electricity is reaching the sky so we need some sources that can produce electricity naturally without any cost. Here, solar panels and solar plants take place for producing electricity in natural manner with sun light. Photo voltaic cells are used in these systems that converts the sun light into electricity. Mostly the solar systems are configured in rural or agricultural areas where electricity mediums are still not available. These systems are manually operated by humans. So there is need of efficient approach which automatically control and monitor the current, voltage and other parameters of solar systems and provides real time statistics to users. This research paper proposes an IOT based approach for solar power consumption and monitoring that allow the users to monitor or control a solar plant their mobiles. Majorly, solar plants are built in the locations where people cannot reach on daily basis so this approach allows the people to virtually control their systems from faraway places.
Currently, the content-based retrieval is a problem of major interest in several different fields and, focusing on mechanical engineering, many approaches exist to compare and retrieve single CAD parts, to evaluate shape similarity, to extract features and to segment models. However, most of the proposed approaches do not take into account all the key characteristics of an assembly model, such as the relationships between its components, and the different levels according to which two assembly models can be considered similar, i.e. either globally, partially, or locally. For these reasons, the retrieval of CAD assembly models still faces challenges to fully satisfy designers' expectations. The aim of this paper is to review the state-of-the-art of works addressing the CAD assembly model retrieval and to identify the future challenges and possible research directions. Firstly, the paper highlights the user requirements for CAD assembly model retrieval and proposes a set of criteria for analyzing the available methods grouped into the following macro-categories: context, assembly characterization, assembly descriptor, query specification and type of similarity. Secondly, it describes and characterizes the available methods by organizing them according to the adopted criteria. Finally, it discusses the open issues and future challenges.
Designing a complex product such as an aircraft usually requires both qualitative and quantitative data and reasoning. To assist the design process, a critical issue is how to represent qualitative data and utilise it in the optimisation. In this study, a new method is proposed for the optimal design of complex products: to make the full use of available data, information and knowledge, qualitative reasoning is integrated into the optimisation process. The transformation and fusion of qualitative and qualitative data are achieved via the fuzzy sets theory and a cloud model. To shorten the design process, parallel computing is implemented to solve the formulated optimisation problems. A parallel adaptive hybrid algorithm PAHA has been proposed. The performance of the new algorithm has been verified by a comparison with the results from PAHA and two other existing algorithms. Further, PAHA has been applied to determine the shape parameters of an aircraft model for aerodynamic optimisation purpose.
Assembly sequence planning is a typical of NP-complete problem which will spend a large amount of computation time or disk memory once the assembly becomes complex. The complex product or assembly is composed of many parts and the number of assembly relationships between them is numerous. To decrease the difficulty of assembly sequence planning of complex products, the subassembly identification methods are focused on. It aims to decompose a complex assembly into a limitative number of subassemblies. Each subassembly contains a relatively smaller number of parts and the assembly sequence planning tasks of them can be handled efficiently. The subassembly identification methods for assembly sequence planning are summarized with respect to assembly constraints. The assembly constraints including the topological, geometrical, and process constraints are considered and merged into the assembly models for subassembly identification. The assembly models are generally represented as directed or undirected assembly diagrams including these considered constraints. It is generally taken as the input information to generate appropriate subassemblies complying with the requirements. The graph theories and graph search algorithms, integer programming methods and the emerging techniques, such as the knowledge-based methods, the intelligent algorithms and the virtual technology, etc. are advocated to resolve the subassembly identification problem with respect to the assembly models. The hierarchical assembly tree is widely used to represent the results of subassembly identification. These useful methods are not only used to subassembly identification for assembly sequence planning, but also successfully referred to by product disassembly.
An assembly oriented product semantics modeling method is proposed to promote the assembly intelligence and automation for complex structural products. The product ontology struct consisting of 3D shape ontology and assembly ontology is defined. The concept of assembly port is introduced to construct the mate constraint relations between components. Two types of port, regular port and general port are defined according to the layout style of geometricalal feature on port. The feature layout graph for general port is built and the port coordinate system for regular port is constructed. The port match algorithm is developed basing on the feature layout graph and port coordinate system, the assimilability between two ports is evaluated rapidly using port match method. The set of mate operation constraints between two matching ports is constructed automatically. The homogeneous transformation matrix is calculated using the 3D geometricalal constraint solver engine, and the components are assembled automatically. The prototype system of intelligent assembly is developed, on which an assembly example is experimented, the result indicates this method can reduce the interactive process, and promote assembly speed.
Contact-connection matrix is proposed to describe contact and connection relations between components. Extended interference matrix is given to settle non-orthogonal assembly problems effectively which other current methods are incapable of. Several rules that influence the efficiency of assembly are studied from the quantification point of view. The priorities of the rules can be customized to screen optimum components in every cyclic process to comprise an optimized sequence automatically, using the above matrices. The prototype system is developed on UG NX platform and a fixture with 30 parts containing tilt assembly directions is demonstrated as an example. The results indicate that the algorithm is efficient and flexible.
The study proposes a feasible and effective method that improves existing methods for computer-aided disassembly planning. The elements of three interference matrices of components in an assembly in the directions of the x, y and z-axes are considered as the right digit, middle digit and left digit, respectively, for the elements of the proposed disassembly matrix in a binary system. By using a Boolean operation or an arithmetic operator with the depth-first-search method, the algorithm is developed and a software program is generated to create all of the possible disassembly sequences and directions for components in a tree diagram. The proposed disassembly matrix provides more possible disassembly processes than the existing disassembly methods to determine preferred disassembly processes. The software program is especially useful for determining preferred disassembly processes for complex devices. This disassembly matrix not only can help disassemble disposable devices, but also can evaluate potential products for ease of disassembly during design.
As quality requirements play a crucial role in supply chain management (SCM), enterprises require appropriate information architecture to address evolving supply chain needs. Information architecture for supply chain quality management has drawn much attention from the research community and the industry in recent years. Recent research explores the role of service-oriented architecture (SOA), RFID, agent, workflow management, and the Internet of Things (IoT) as an enabler of real-time quality management and control in the supply chain. This paper attempts to analyse the current state of the art in information management for supply chain quality management, reviewing the current research and development in information architecture for supply chain quality management, and highlighting some of the key technologies that have the potential to significantly improve the performance of supply chain quality management. It is our hope that this paper will motivate the supply chain quality management community in deploying the technologies along with their breakthroughs with the objective of realising automated supply chain quality management.
Assembly being the last step of the production cycle of a product, it is normally submitted to the constraints of the precedent step. Techniques like Design for Assembly have been developed to try to take into consideration the peculiarities of the assembly process and reduce costs. The paper present the research and development of an integrated computer aided design for assembly system. The project main aim is to obtain methodologies and tools to design and manage a complete flexible assembly system but in this paper we will describe a CAAP (Computer Aided Assembly Planning) for the determination of gripping features, gripper and finger configuration, assembly sequence, simulation of the assembly system for the design of management rules, three dimensional simulation of robots (serial and parallel) for the design of each single assembly and control cell. The results of the project is tested in a specifically designed and implemented system for the assembly of electro-mechanical components.
To deal with the low efficiency and difficulty in production management and quality control of aero-engine assembly process, this paper proposed an Assembly Manufacturing Execution System (AMES) to reduce the assembly faults and improve the efficiency of management. According to ISA95 standard, it adopted activity models for assembly manufacturing and quality management to describe the functions of AMES. On the basis of activity model, it established the architecture of AMES aiming at the characteristics of engine assembly field. The core data structure and operation flow of AMES was realized by object models of assembly production and quality management. A case of AMES was developed and applied to the assembly workshop of aero-engine. The results show the AMES improves the efficiency of assembly operation and management.
AbstractThis paper describes a procedure for the selection of the subassemblies and the assembly sequences of a product, applied in an assembly planning software system named FLAPS (Flexible Assembly Planning System), under development at the institute of mechanical technology of the University of Pisa. This procedure is based on a mathematical model of the product, obtained through the definition of 3 matrices: the interference matrix, the contact matrix and the connection matrix. The possible subassemblies are automatically detected by satisfying some mathematical conditions applicable to these matrices. For each subassembly and for the whole product, all the possible assembly sequences are generated, whose number can be successively reduced according to some optimization criteria. At the end, a meaningful example is reported to show the possibilities of the method.
A technique is developed that allows a designer to interactively create an assembly of components by specifying mating conditions between the individual components. Once the relationships between components via the mating conditions are established, each component's location and orientation in the final assembly is computed. The joint information for a kinematic and dynamic analysis can be derived from the mating conditions, therefore this work may be extended to incorporate this analysis.Through this development, it will no longer be necessary for a designer to specify cumbersome and error prone transformation matrices to create an assembly. The designer will also be able to perform a kinematic or a dynamic analysis directly from an assembly model if the joint information can be automatically derived.
Before making statements about microprocessor trends 10 years out-Micro 2006-it might be useful to revisit our past statements (Gelsinger et al. (1989, 1991)) about the microprocessor of today and the microprocessor of 2000. Then we can see where we have been right and where wrong. This retrospective will reveal important trends that promise to give some insight into the microprocessor of the next decade.
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