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The rare Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Central Europe. Zeitschrift für Mykologie 86/1: 3-21 Die seltene Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa

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  • BMG Bayerische Mykologische Gesellschaft

Abstract and Figures

Stahl H-J, Jurkeit W, Hampe F (2020) - The rare Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Central Europe. Zeitschrift für Mykologie 86/1: 3-21. Abstract: Mauro Sarnari considered Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon to be a merely meridio-nal-mediterranean species with, as he put it, "modest offshoots towards the French Atlantic coast" (Sarnari 2005: 1055). In recent years, Russula tinctipes has also been found in a variety of mid-European countries covering a broad stretch from the UK, France and Belgium in the West to Austria and Slowakia in the East. By using microscopical analyses as well as DNA sequences from altogether seven new finds from all over central Europe, critically reviewing the early descriptions of Blum and Bon and comparing the publications on the species available today this study tries to establish an improved portrait of this exceptionally rare species which, with better knowledge, might well be found and identified more often in the future. Zusammenfassung: Mauro Sarnari hielt Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon für eine meridional-mediterrane Spezies mit, wie er es ausdrückte, bescheidenen Ausläufern in Richtung der fran-zösischen Atlantikküste (Sarnari 2005: 1055). In den vergangenen Jahren wurde die Art auch in einer ganzen Reihe mitteleuropäischer Länder gefunden, in einem breiten Gürtel von Eng-land, Frankreich und Belgien im Westen bis Österreich und der Slowakei im Osten. Anhand mikroskopischer Untersuchungen sowie der DNS-Sequenzen von insgesamt 7 neuen mittel-europäischen Funden, der kritischen Würdigung der frühen Beschreibungen von Blum und Bon und in der Gegenüberstellung der aktuell verfügbaren Publikationen zu Russula tinctipes wird ein um klassische Irrtümer bereinigtes, aktualisiertes Portrait dieser überaus seltenen Art geliefert, die bei derart verbesserter Kenntnis durchaus häufiger auch in Mitteleuropa gefun-den und zweifelsfrei identifiziert werden dürfte.
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Die seltene Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa
, , 
 (2020) The rare Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Central Europe.

Keywords: Basidiomycota, Russulales, Russula tinctipes, Russula pseudointegra, ecology,
distribution.
AbstractRussula tinctipes Blum ex Bon to be a merely meridio

tic coast” ( 2005: 1055). In recent years, Russula tinctipes has also been found in a vari



the early descriptions of Blum and Bon and comparing the publications on the species avail
able today this study tries to establish an improved portrait of this exceptionally rare species

ZusammenfassungRussula tinctipes






Russula tinctipes



Stichwörter: Basidiomycota, Russulales, Russula tinctipes, Russula pseudointegra, Ökologie,
Verbreitung.
Einleitung des Erstautors



Russula pseudointegra



Anschriften der Autoren: 



et al.: Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
Zeitschrift für Mykologie 86/1, 2020
gefunden, ebenfalls für R. pseudointegra


Russula pseudointegra handeln konnte. Weder

Rus-
sula tinctipes Blum ex Bon, bei 











Material und Methoden










(vgl. 





numerischer Mittelwert



max).
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
5




, ) abgeglichen.



Russula
chloroidesRussula adusta





ter Modell nach 



Russula tinctipes 
Beschreibung des Blutsee-Fundes (Abb. 2-4, 6-7)
Funddaten



Makroskopische Beschreibung
Hut





Lamellen


Stiel



Fleisch mittel
et al.: Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
6 Zeitschrift für Mykologie 86/1, 2020
Abb. 1: Russula tinctipes
 
Abb. 2: 
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
Geruch
Geschmack in allen Teilen mild, allenfalls ein Hauch bit
terlich. Makrochemische Reaktionen
Sporenpulver: IVc nach



Mikroskopische Beschreibung
Sporen8,8
7,41,19



Zystiden ohne die für R. pseudointegra
Huthaut







Abb. 3:
Foto: 
et al.: Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
8 Zeitschrift für Mykologie 86/1, 2020
Habitat





(
und Hainbuche (vgl. 
Verwechslungsmöglichkeiten
R. tinc-
tipes mit R. pseudointegra




Abb 4: 
8,8 7,4
 1,19 
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
Abb 5: 
 
et al.: Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
10 Zeitschrift für Mykologie 86/1, 2020
Abb. 6:


 
Abb. 7:



 
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
11
R. pseudointegra

als R. pseudointegraR. tinctipes sofort und inten

R. pseudointegra


R. lepida Fr.


R. tinctipes



R. tinctipes ab.
et al.: Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa
Abb. 8: Russula tinctipes. Zeichnung mit freundlicher Erlaubnis von 
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
12 Zeitschrift für Mykologie 86/1, 2020
R. tinctipes
R. laeta
R. carminipes
R. melliolens

R. dryophila
nari, R. oreadesR. rhodomarginata
R. tinctipes.

IIIa/b) droht auch bei R. velenovskyi
R. pseudointegra (und damit
auch R. tinctipesR. velenovskyi und R. tinc-
tipes
R. velenovskyi

R. tinctipes


R. cruentataR. lutensis

R. tinctipes ist (IVb).

ist und bleibt R. pseudointegra
eine R. tinctipes 
pseudointegra
tinctipes auf hundert pseudointegras.
Übersicht der hier behandelten Funde aus Mitteleuropa

tinctipes



© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
13
Tab. 1:
Herbar-
Nr
Fund-
Datum
Finder Fundort Land MTB/
Koord
Boden Veg.
  



 Basalt,


Tuff
bei Fagus
  



Tinnitusklinik
 
Hainbuchen
allee


30.08.2002 Brückner,
Th.


hain
auf


boden
unter Eichen

  Hampe, F. Mariembourg
(Massembre

B

Buche, Eiche,
Hainbuche
  

Ch.
Bayreuth,
Eremitage
6035/3 
neutral

Buche
  Tortelli, M. 

Wood
 TQ

Wealden
Ton (neu
tral)
Wiese bei alten


(Eiche, Buche,
Birke, Hasel,
Hainbuchen)


  

6225/31 

Eichen, Buchen
Diskussion

Russula tinctipes






R. tinctipes

et al.: Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
 Zeitschrift für Mykologie 86/1, 2020
• die – vor allem gegenüber R. pseudointegra – distinktiv rasche und intensive,




R. tinctipes oft eine
 souvent
normale : 
graphie dar (
pseudointegra
positivetincti-
pes

• den R. pseudointegra
  
inodore, mais pouvant rappeler un peu pseudo-integra ou lepida
subnullo vel vix R. pseudointegram
•   

         

(

    
R. tinctipes
aber definitiv nicht der Fall. Wenn man die Beschreibungen und Zeichnungen



übrigens 
    
 (2011: 313), 
al. tinctipes


       





© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
15

men der für tinctipes



von R. tinctipes




da Blum e, come tali, ribadite in 
R. tinctipes
 (2003: 36). In seiner Russula
graphie hat R. tinctipes die irreführende Hut

tinctipes est
souvent, en viellissant, des  un peu vineu
pseudointegra



R. pseudointegra hingegen nicht.







 2005: 1055). 


R. tinctipes
von R. pseudointegra u.a. genau durch das Vorhandensein dieser echten inkrustierten

(
tionen verloren gegangen (
R. tinc-
tipesR. tinctipes


oder die ihr folgende lateinische Validierung 
et al.: Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
16 Zeitschrift für Mykologie 86/1, 2020

(2013) sich bei der Bestimmung ihres tinctipes

auch bei 
chen hat.




bungen von 






R. olivacea. 


nien (


rot überhaucht, der andere nicht.
Verbreitung in Europa




R. tinctipes


tete 





Funddaten aus Frankreich vor, dieses Mal aus dem Bois du Vivier und aus dem Bois



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


 (2005) vorbehalten, eine rein meridio




 (op. cit.) nennt als Bei
spiele 





R. tinctipes 







 al. (2013)  

 al. 

von R. tinctipesR.
tinctipes




R. tinctipes
des Erstautors gelang 

R. tinctipes

2005: 1053), darüber hinaus aber eben auch



et al.: Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
18 Zeitschrift für Mykologie 86/1, 2020
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

europas schon immer vorkommt, nur meist als makroskopisch am Fundort kaum
von R. pseudointegra

Systematik
R. tinctipes
R. pseudointegra – eher provi

RussulaR. tinctipes


auranticaR. tinctipes neben
R. aurantica R. laeta, R. font-queri R. cremeoavellanea
ger und R. scotica  
R. tinctipesRussulaCoccineae und
Laetinae

Paludosinae

R. tinctipesLaeticolorinae
tion Polychromae







Candida), viele double peaks und

Russula tinctipes



tinctipes


© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
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





tinctipes

Fundes von Helga Marxmüller:
• 
• 
• 
Russula tinctipes


Abb. 9:R. tinctipes.
et al.: Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa
© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
20 Zeitschrift für Mykologie 86/1, 2020



handelt.
Russula tinctipes
Russula integriformis
frei abgesichert ist, einen gemeinsamen Cluster mit der molekulargenetisch überaus
homogenen Russula integra
Literatur
(2013) Russulaceae (Russulales, Agaricmycotina, fungi)
51

70



7(4)

XVIII(70/71)
Russula tinctipes et Russula sub-
levispora169



Russula in Bayern. Hoppea 43



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

Russula

 16

9
Russula, 


© 2020 – Deutsche Gesellschaft für Mykologie
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Russula
lógicos de Euskadi.
Russula
13





11.1.2020).
Russula
one Micologica Bresadola, Trento.
 (2011) Holubinky (Russula
(2018) Russula tinctipes19(1)

Russula35
Russula tinctipes

et al.: Russula tinctipes Blum ex Bon in Mitteleuropa
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The diversity and frequency of Russulaceae basidiomata (Lactarius, Russula) were studied in the phytocoenologically defined oak forests of three selected localities in the western part of Slovakia in years 2005–2009. Based on the ecological amplitude and the frequency, common and rare, as well as characteristic species were defined for each locality. Taxonomic problems within the species complexes of Russula decipiens, Russula rutila and Russula globispora are discussed.
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We report a major update of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. This version has several new features, including options for adding unaligned sequences into an existing alignment, adjustment of direction in nucleotide alignment, constrained alignment and parallel processing, which were implemented after the previous major update. This report shows actual examples to explain how these features work, alone and in combination. Some examples incorrectly aligned by MAFFT are also shown to clarify its limitations. We discuss how to avoid misalignments, and our ongoing efforts to overcome such limitations.
Article
Some simple formulae were obtained which enable us to estimate evolutionary distances in terms of the number of nucleotide substitutions (and, also, the evolutionary rates when the divergence times are known). In comparing a pair of nucleotide sequences, we distinguish two types of differences; if homologous sites are occupied by different nucleotide bases but both are purines or both pyrimidines, the difference is called type I (or "transition" type), while, if one of the two is a purine and the other is a pyrimidine, the difference is called type II (or "transversion" type). Letting P and Q be respectively the fractions of nucleotide sites showing type I and type II differences between two sequences compared, then the evolutionary distance per site is K = -(1/2) ln [(1-2P-Q) square root of 1-2Q]. The evolutionary rate per year is then given by k = K/(2T), where T is the time since the divergence of the two sequences. If only the third codon positions are compared, the synonymous component of the evolutionary base substitutions per site is estimated by K'S = -(1/2) ln (1-2P-Q). Also, formulae for standard errors were obtained. Some examples were worked out using reported globin sequences to show that synonymous substitutions occur at much higher rates than amino acid-altering substitutions in evolution.
Sur les russules douces à sporée jaune
  • J Blum
Blum J (1954) Sur les russules douces à sporée jaune. Bulletin de la Société mycologique de France 70:384-409.
Note sur deux russules à spores peu ornées: Russula tinctipes et Russula sublevispora
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Carteret X (2003) Note sur deux russules à spores peu ornées: Russula tinctipes et Russula sublevispora. Bulletin trimestriel de la Fédération mycologique Dauphiné-Savoie 169:33-49.
Methods for Working with Macrofungi
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Clémençon H (2009) Methods for Working with Macrofungi. IHW-Verlag, Eching.