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Verantwortungsvoller Machtgebrauch
Abstract
Der Status Sozialarbeiter/in legiti-miert, Klientinnen und Klienten zu unterstützen, sie zu leiten und zum Teil schwerwiegende Entschei-dungen für sie zu treffen. Sozialarbeiter und Klienten befin-den sich in einer Abhängigkeits-beziehung, die eine hohe Verant-wortung für Sozialarbeiter mit sich bringt. Verantwortung für die Art der Machtanwendung, die Wirkung als Rollenvorbild und Verantwor-tung in gesellschaftlicher Funktion dafür, eine soziale und demokrati-sche Haltung zu repräsentieren. Als Rollenvorbild zu arbeiten kann bedeuten, einen demokratischen Umgang zu fördern, Beschwerden zuzulassen oder auch Klienten am Hilfeplan zu beteiligen.
Quellenangabe: Misamer, M. (2020). Verantwortungsvoller Machtgebrauch. EREV-Fachzeitschrift Evangelische Jugendhilfe, 97, 4-12.
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Reviews the literature on moral development. The major findings discussed are as follows: (1) Moral internalization is fostered by parental affection and inductive discipline and adversely affected by power assertion. (2) Identification with parents apparently contributes to certain visible moral attributes, but not to internal moral states like guilt. (3) As children grow older, parental influence wanes, and spontaneous peer interaction tends to undermine rather than uphold parental teaching. (4) Females are more morally internalized than males, a probable by-product of sex-role socialization. (5) The pervasive effects of TV on aggression and morality have yet to be demonstrated convincingly. (6) The evidence for cognitive-conflict theory (J. Piaget, 1932; L. Kohlberg, 1969, 1973) remains equivocal. (7) Arousal of empathic distress (and arousal of guilt) contributes to helping behavior. (44 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
Although the relation of power to knowledge is an often discussed theme, a psychological and sociological scrutiny of the issue is lacking. A new conceptual and theoretical approach to this issue is presented here that distingushes between restrictive and promotive control. Restrictive control is a form of power exertion in which one actor pushes his wishes through against the interests of another actor. In contrast, if an actor influences the other in line with his or her interests, this is called promotive control. Information pathologies, i.e., avoidable failures of distributed information processing, are introduced as an inverse measure for the quality and quantity of knowledge production. It is hypothesized that restrictive control has negative consequences for the production of new or better knowledge, because it induces information pathologies that in turn lower the effectiveness of joint action. These two hypotheses are tested in a study on 21 successful and 21 unsuccessful innovations with a dual qualitative and quantitative approach. The interpretive analysis of interviews with the main actors of each innovation case as well as the statistical analysis of questionnaire responses by the same actors strongly corroborate both hypotheses. Methodological problems, theoretical perspectives, and practical consequences are discussed.
Politicians, social scientists, entrepreneurs, trade unionists, church leaders, philosophers, all of us in fact have caused such vast vague ness and confusion about the term 'power' that this can hardly be attributed to mere chance. Apparently, there is so much at stake, whenever we think about power or are involved, that it may be worth our while to keep the concept blurred. This is most clearly seen in social science. Power, inequality in power, struggle for power are a kind of prime movers in social life, but power problems have seldom been studied, compared to the research done on other subjects, such as satisfaction about personal achievement, perception, mental processes, achievement motivation, cultural differences, etc. Power appears to be under a taboo in society and most social scientists agree not to discuss it (ref. 23, pp. 55 and 56). Whatever research there has been reveals the peculiar trend of restricting itself to the study of power differences and power struggles as world- or macro-problems. Studies of mondial problems have covered rela tions between America and the Soviet Union, or between rich and poor countries. China has also been included of late. The studies on macrostructural problems will cover subjects like the power of particular groups within the nation, such as retired army generals and politicians working in various sectors of trade and industry (ref. 21, pp. 11 and 281), or the number of representatives of large banks on the advisory boards of other companies (ref. 22).
This research explored the cognitive processes that underlie sexual harassment proclivities in men. It was postulated that men who are high in the likelihood to sexually harass women (LS perceive a connection between sexuality and social dominance. Such a sexuality/dominance cognitive link was hypothesized to bias the processing of social information so as to create an illusory correlation between dominance and sexuality terms in a frequency estimation task. Male subjects viewed a series of word pairs in which sexuality and dominance terms were paired equally often with each other and with neutral control words. High-LSH subjects were more confident in their recognition of the sexuality-dominance pairs and estimated having seen them more frequently than low-LSH subjects. Cognitive and behavioral implications of a sexuality/dominance knowledge structure are discussed.
The prevalence of antisocial and delinquent behavior in juveniles has increased dramatically over the past decades, along with the prevalence of other health-endangering behaviors, such as substance use and suicide. These trends have been accompanied by increased levels of psychiatric admissions and special classroom placements in schools. It is posed that these changes reflect decreased levels of impulse control by children living in the U.S. This paper focuses on impulse control as it relates to antisocial and delinquent behavior in juveniles. It traces the development of these behaviors through their age-specific manifestations, and summarizes known social and biological risk factors. The paper examines how different risk factors impinge on the development of antisocial behavior at different points in the life cycle. Developmental sequences are reviewed leading to serious antisocial behavior or to assistance of the behavior. The interaction between developmental tasks and the emergence of antisocial behavior is considered. Critical, “sensitive” periods in development often intersect with the increased prevalence of risk factors at certain age periods of children, leading to the emergence or aggravation of antisocial behavior. The use of empirical developmental knowledge for screening of population of youngsters is highlighted. The paper closes by reviewing how treatment and preventive studies are affected by pre-existing risk factors, and then lists priority areas for future survey and process studies, and for improved intervention efforts.
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Der verantwortungsvolle Machtgebrauch
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