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Orchids of India - a Pictorial Guide
Abstract
The book contains an updated census of Indian Orchids with all important synonyms and literature citation. It also include information on life form, phenology and distribution of all species in India. 775 species have been represented by nearly 2000 photographs.
... Hunt, P. teres (Blume) Holttum and P. unguiculatum (Lindl.) H.A. Pedersen (Singh & al., 2019(Singh & al., & 2020. P. viridiflorum (Thwaites) Holttum (1960), is a lesser known species reported only from Sri Lanka (Jayaweera, 1981, Fernando & Ormerod, 2008) and re-collected after a gap of nearly 150 years (Priyadarshana & al., 2019). ...
... Also, Smithsonia viridiflora (Dalzell) C.J. Saldanha was mistakenly connected with the species Pteroceras viridiflorum by Jayaweera (1981) but indeed S. viridiflora is a distinct endemic species to Western Ghats of India (Pedersen, 1993;Fernando & Ormerod, 2008, Priyadarshana & al., 2019. Additionally, there are no reports of Pteroceras viridiflorum (Thwaites) Holttum in India (Pradhan, 1979, Kumar & Manilal, 19942004;Misra, 2007;Singh & al., 2019Singh & al., & 2020. All earlier records of this species from India were in the name of Pteroceras leopardinum or Proteroceras holttumii. ...
Pteroceras viridiflorum (Thwaites) Holttum, a Sri Lankan endemic species has been recorded from India. To facilitate easy identification, the taxonomic notes, short description, and dissected live images are provided. The identity of Proteroceras holttumii J.Joseph & Vajr. is reviewed and has been placed under Pteroceras viridiflorum instead of Pteroceras leopardinum (C.S.P. Parish & Rchb.f.) Seidenf. & Smitinand and P. leopardinum is excluded from the flora of South India.
... The type of the name at Kew represents the only original material of the species and the taxon is not represented in any Indian Herbaria (MH, CAL, BSID and RHT). It was therefore also excluded from the recently published book on Orchids of India (Singh et al. 2019). Here we report on the second known collection of this rarity, representing the first collection since it was collected 96 years ago, confirming the rarity of this orchid in natural habitat. ...
Disperis monophylla Blatt. ex C.E.C. Fisch. has been rediscovered after 96 years from the type location, and detailed description, key to the species, photographs and taxonomic notes are provided for the better understanding of the species.
... Lindl. A comparative investigation of both the taxa based on study of the protologues, type specimens, fresh samples and authentic literature [Hooker, 1890;King & Pantling, 1898;Kataki, 1986;Chowdhery, 1998;Hynniewta & al., 2000;Pearce & Cribb, 2002;Lucksom, 2007;Singh & al., 2019] revealed distinct morphological features between the two. Therefore, Bulbophyllum colomaculosum has been reinstated as a distinct species and reported as a distributional novelty for the orchid Flora of India. ...
Bulbophyllum colomaculosum Z.H. Tsi & S.C. Chen [ORCHIDACEAE-EPIDENDROIDEAE-MALAXIDEAE-DENDROBIINAE] has been reinstated as a distinct species based on its unique morphological features. The species was originally described from China (Yunnan) in 1994 and later reduced to synonymy under Bulbophyllum leopardinum (Wall.) Lindl. by Chen & Vermeulen (2009). Based on the study of type materials, fresh and herbarium specimens of both the taxa it was concluded that both species are not conspecific. Bulbophyllum colomaculosum has been collected from Nagaland which forms a new distributional record for Flora of India. The species has been assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) by applying the Criteria B of IUCN (2024).
... While working on project entitled "Survey and Documentation of Less Known Sacred Groves of Andhra Pradesh", we have collected an interesting Orchid specimen at Gorabanda village of Y. Ramavaram Mandal, in Alluri Sitharama Raju District. After critical study, herbarium consultation (BSID) and a thorough review of the literature (Misra, 2004;Pullaiah, 2018;Singh & al., 2019), it was identified as Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl., a new generic record to the flora of Andhra Pradesh. ...
While working on project entitled “Survey and Documentation of Less Known Sacred Groves of Andhra Pradesh”, we have collected an interesting Orchid specimen at Gorabanda village of Y. Ramavaram Mandal, in Alluri Sitharama Raju District. After critical study, herbarium consultation (BSID) and a thorough review of the literature (Misra, 2004; Pullaiah, 2018; Singh & al., 2019), it was identified as Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl., a new generic record to the flora of Andhra Pradesh. The herbarium specimens were deposited at BSID. A brief description and photographs are provided to facilitate easy identification of the species.
... Orchids represent the largest and highly evolved group of flowering plants having nearly 28,484 species under 763 genera worldwide [1]. In India, there are about 1256 orchid species covered under 155 genera out of which 714 species are reported from North Eastern region alone [2]. Orchids are primarily grown as ornamental plant and valued as cut flowers because of their exotic beauty and long-lasting blooming period, thus contributing around 9% to the world's flora with more than 120,000 modern hybrids [3]. ...
Calanthe mild mosaic virus (CalMMV) infecting orchids is an important potyvirus which is known to cause mild leaf mosaic and flower colour-breaking symptoms in Calanthe and other orchid plants. The present study reports the production of polyclonal antibodies against CalMMV using bacterially expressed recombinant coat protein as immunogen, which in turn would be useful in routine indexing and screening of orchid germplasm. The coat protein (CP) gene (~ 807 bp) of CalMMV isolated from infected orchid sample was cloned in expression vector, pET-28a ( +) that yielded ~ 31 kDa fusion protein with Histidine tag (His6BP). The expression of fusion CP was confirmed through SDS–PAGE and Western blotting. The His6BP-CalMMV-CP obtained in soluble state after purification was used to immunize New Zealand white rabbit for the production of polyclonal antibodies (PAb). The PAb produced against the purified fusion protein successfully detected CAlMMV in the orchid samples at a dilution of 1:2000 in direct antigen-coated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAC-ELISA). This study presents the first report of Histidine tag (His6BP) fusion CalMMV-CP-based antibody production and its successful application in the identification of the virus in orchid plants. Outcome of this study will be helpful in routine certification programmes, screening of orchid germplasm and production of CalMMV-free planting materials of orchids.
... The genus is widespread and distributed both in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world (Pridgeon et al. 2014, Chase et al. 2015, Vermeulen et al. 2015, Gyeltshen et al. 2020, POWO 2023. In India, the genus is represented by 139 taxa including three varieties (Singh et al. 2019, Schuiteman et al. 2022. ...
A new species, Bulbophyllum gopalianum, is described from the montane subtropical forest of Mizoram (India) in the westernmost area of the Indo-Myanmar biodiversity hotspot. The new species belongs to the section Lemniscata and shows close morphological affinity to B. suavissimum and B. shanicum. A detailed description, diagnosis, phenology, taxonomic notes and conservation assessment are presented. The new species is assessed as critically endangered (CR) based on its very small and restricted population size.
The epiphytic vascular plants are particularly sensitive to plant-plant interactions since they must adhere to another plant (phorophyte); the characteristics of potential phorophytes can limit or facilitate their establishment (Cortés-Anzúres et al., 2020). Distribution of epiphytes is associated with the pH of the bark, availability of light in the tree canopy, exposure to wind, and tree diameter (Adhikari et al., 2015). The host characteristics, forest type and microclimate within the forest play an important role in determining the diversity and composition of epiphyte assemblages (Benavides et al., 2011). The phorophytes so-collected were identified based on relevant literature (Bandyopadhyay, 2014; Sinha et al., 2019; Jyoti & Tewari. 2020), after critical examination of floral parts and herbarium consultation as Ehretia acuminata R.Br. (Boraginaceae) and Bauhinia variegata (L.) Benth. (Fabaceae). Aerides multiflora Roxb. is known to grow almost throughout India, including Himachal Pradesh (Singh et al., 2019). The epiphyte and its new hosts Ehretia acuminata and Bauhinia variegata are common almost throughout India. However, the population of these two host species found in the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh constitute additions to the list of phorophytes of Aerides multiflora. The voucher specimens of the hosts and the orchid were deposited at the TOSEHIM Herbarium (The Orchid Society of Eastern Himalaya, Regional Orchid Germplasm Conservation and Propagation Centre, Assam). The genus Aerides (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae: Vandeae) has 31 accepted species and is distributed from Sri Lanka, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar, China, Thailand, Indochina, and Malaysia to the Philippines and Indonesia (POWO, 2024).
The only specimen of Ascocentrum semiteretifolium Seidenf. [=Holcoglossum semiteretifolium (Seidenf.) R. Rice] recorded from Arunachal Pradesh, India in the year 1995 has been correctly identified as Holcoglossum nagalandense (Phukan & Odyuo) X.H. Jin. Consequently, the former has been excluded from the Orchid Flora of India and the later has been reported here as an addition to the Orchid Flora of Arunachal Pradesh. Relationship between the two species has been discussed based on the study of type specimens and the original descriptions. Holcoglossum nagalandense has been assessed as ‘Endangered’ by following the IUCN guidelines.
Vanilla walkeriae Wight, known earlier from Sri Lanka and four peninsular Indian states, is now described from Odisha, where it forms a new generic record for the state. Analytical drawings and morphological description of the species prepared from living plants, and photographs are provided here.
Neottia bicallosa X.H. Jin, a Himalayan endemic species was earlier reported from China. A new population of this species was discovered from the alpine meadows of Dibang Valley, Arunachal Pradesh, India. Here, we report Neottia bicallosa, as a new distributional record for the flora of India. A detailed description along with photographs, illustration and locality map are provided to aid identification.
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