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Producing Green Concrete by Using Recycled Materials in UAE
... Of note is that concrete mixes with low elastic modulus tend to result in more deformations to the structural elements since the elastic modulus of a section is inversely proportional to the deflection. However, it is necessary to mention that the reduction of cement content in the mix decreases the long-term effects (shrinkage, creep, etc.) acting on it in which it can help in reducing the deflection and bring a negligible effect on the concrete element due to the reduction in the elastic modulus [15]. It is also observed that with the inclusion of RCA as a replacement (M8) causes a decrease in the elastic modulus by 12% in comparison with the control mix and this is further reduced considerably when the glass was added as both fine and coarse replacement (M9 and M10). ...
... A cost analysis for the 10 experimental mixes (Tables 2 and 3) was performed in order to judge their viability. Table 5 shows the cost of each element used in the mix, obtained from the UAE market [15]. As glass and ceramic waste is not recycled to be used in concrete, their costs have been predicted to be 10% of RCA as the only processing required is crushing and sieving for different sizes [15]. ...
... Table 5 shows the cost of each element used in the mix, obtained from the UAE market [15]. As glass and ceramic waste is not recycled to be used in concrete, their costs have been predicted to be 10% of RCA as the only processing required is crushing and sieving for different sizes [15]. Figure 6 shows the price of each mix. ...
Concrete is the most widely used building material since its invention. However, the constituents used in the production of the concrete mix have a drastic effect on the environment. For example, every ton of cement produces 709 kg of CO2 in the middle east. Also, the high demand for natural aggregates in concrete (48.3 billion tons in 2015) exploits natural resources. Moreover, the ceramic industry produces a total of 22 billion tons of ceramic waste on an annual basis which is mostly transferred to landfills. Additionally, the growth of landfills from waste glass is a significant problem that needs to be solved as well. Thus, this research aims to determine experimentally the efficiency of using Ceramic Waste Powder (CWP), Glass Waste (GW) and Recycled Concrete Waste (RCW) from the Construction Demolition Waste (CDW) in the production of an environmentally friendly concrete of low CO2 emission and cost-efficient. At the end of this research, it was concluded that using construction waste in the concrete mix makes producing a green concrete achievable with the advantages of high strength and low cost.
The Romans used an early type of concrete made with natural pozzuolanic cement more than 2,000 years ago. Today, Portland Cement Concrete is the most important material of construction. Yet few books, if any, exist that offer an in-depth analysis of the mixing and testing methods of this vital hydraulic cement. Until now that is. Engineered Concrete: Mix Design and Test Methods helps engineers, as well as laboratory technicians, grasp a better understanding of Portland Cement and Portland Cement Concrete. The book is divided into several sections, with the first, Mix Design Procedures, explaining how concrete batches are designed, mixed, and measured for various consistencies. Another section details the tests of the primary component materials of concrete other than water - namely Portland Cement, aggregates, and mortar - while the final section includes some of the fundamental concrete testing procedures for different strength parameters in conformity with the standards of the American Society for Testing Materials. While focusing solely on Portland Cement, the book also includes information on other hydraulic cementitious materials and additives because of their modern applications. Solidly researched and written, Engineered Concrete: Mix Design and Test Methods provides a clear understanding of mix design and testing of Portland Cement Concrete. As every civil engineer knows, it is the most versatile and important material of construction, and will probably remain so as far into the future as we can see.
To suggest an alternative raw material for concrete, its role in the hydration mechanism and water durability characteristics is required to be understood. This article assesses the water based durability properties of concrete containing bone china ceramic fine aggregates (BCCFA). For this study, BCCFA was utilised as 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% partial replacement of fine aggregate. The hydration products were assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The water based properties of concrete such as percentage voids, apparent density, water absorption, water permeability (DIN) and chloride ion permeability were obtained for concrete samples. The results indicate that up to 40% BCCFA can be used for structural applications.
Ceramic waste powder (CWP) is produced during ceramic tile polishing with potential environmental pollution. CWP is silica-rich, alumina-rich and fine particle size material. High performance concrete (HPC) mixtures incorporating 10–40% CWP as replacement of Portland cement by mass were evaluated. Mechanical, durability and microstructural investigations of HPC mixtures were performed. It is shown that concrete incorporating CWP as large replacement of cement has high strength and excellent durability. Microstructure investigations showed that incorporating CWP did not make significant difference in cement hydration compared with cement without CWP. Performance improvement is explained by the low water/cement ratio of the reference mixture enabling CWP to create dense packing particles.
Concrete is the most used man-made material in the world since its invention.
Worldwide, about three tonnes of concrete are used annually per person. Concrete
comprises three major fractions, aggregate: binder and water. The aggregate
fraction in concrete is about 75 % of its total volume and therefore it plays a vital
role in the overall performance of concrete. However, traditionally, more attention
has been paid to develop novel binding phases of concrete as it is widely thought
that the innovation in binder materials can help to develop innovative concrete
materials. In fact, a significant improvement has been seen recently in this field
such as the development of ultra-high strength concrete and self-compacting
concrete.
It is common knowledge that the aggregates are the inert material in concrete,
however, being their major constituents, their proper selection is very important to
accomplish innovation in concrete production. In fact, the proper selection of
aggregates and the manipulation of their size distribution are very important steps
for the development of almost all types of special concrete. Moreover, the preparation
of some types of concrete such as light and heavyweight concrete, concrete
resistant to sound/vibration can only be achieved with proper selection of aggregates.
They must not contain significant contents of deleterious components such
as chlorides or sulphates, and they must also have proper shape and size to obtain a
good quality concrete.
Another important recent developmental aspect in the field of cement and
concrete science is the use of various types of recycled waste materials as fuel and
raw material in cement production, as well as the use of these materials as
aggregate in the production of various types of concrete. Cement and concrete
production can consume a substantial percentage of the total generated waste
materials, which can alleviate the acute environmental impact of these materials
and also partly help to achieve the much needed sustainability in cement and
concrete production. The use of waste materials as aggregate in concrete can
consume vast amounts of them taking into account the scale of concrete production
all over the world as well as the percentage of aggregate in the overall
concrete volume.
Recycled Aggregate in Concrete is a recent development in the use of various
types of waste materials in concrete production. The information that is scattered
in various journals and conference proceedings published up to the end of March
2012 has been taken into consideration. The comprehensive information presented
in the book will be helpful to graduate students, researchers and concrete technologists.
It is also expected that the data presented in this book will be an
essential reference for practicing engineers who face several problems concerning
the use of these materials in concrete production.
The book can be divided into two parts: the compilation of varied literature data
related to the use of various types of industrial waste as aggregates in concrete and
the information related to the use of construction and demolition waste as
aggregate in concrete. In the book, the properties of the aggregate and their effect
on various concrete properties are presented separately. One chapter is devoted to
describing a quantitative procedure to estimate the properties of concrete containing
construction and demolition waste as aggregates. The current codes and
practices developed in various countries to use construction and demolition waste
as aggregates in concrete are discussed in the last chapter of the book. Moreover,
several issues related to the sustainability of cement and concrete production are
highlighted in the first chapter.
We would like to thank Mr. João Silvestre, Researcher, IST-Lisbon for his help
during preparation of some of the figures and Ms. Grace Quinn, Editorial Assistance,
Springer London, for her constant advice and help during the preparation of
the manuscript. One of the authors (NJS) is also grateful to FCT, Portugal for
providing financial assistance without which it would not have been possible to
complete this work. Finally, we would like to thank Springer for publishing the
book in excellent form.
EU as a recycling society, present recycling levels of municipal waste and construction & demolition waste in the EU
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Fisher, C., & Werge, M. (2009). EU as a recycling society, present
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Properties of concrete with recycled aggregates
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Agrela, F., Alaejos, P. De, & Juan, M. S. (2013). Properties of concrete
with recycled aggregates. In F. Pacheco-Torgal, V. W. Y. Tam,
J. A. Labrincha, Y. Ding, & J. de Brito (Eds.), Handbook of
recycled concrete and demolition waste. UK: Woodhead Publishing
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