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A review of medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper

Authors:
Mehreen Zaheer at Jinnah University for Women
Mehreen Zaheer
Salman Ahmed at University of Karachi
Salman Ahmed
Mohtasheem Hasan at University of Karachi
Mohtasheem Hasan
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Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper belongs to the family Papilionaceae. It is an erect hairy annual plant with long twining branches. The flowers are small and yellow in color, while fruits are cylindrical. The pods are hairy containing 1-4 seeds per pod. Seeds are used as nervine tonic and in urinary reflex disorder. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, vitamin C and steroids. Seeds posses antidiabetic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties. The present review provides an updated information on its medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology.
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry 2020; 9(1): 1307-1309
E-ISSN: 2278-4136
P-ISSN: 2349-8234
JPP 2020; 9(1): 1307-1309
Received: 14-11-2019
Accepted: 18-12-2019
Mehreen Zaheer
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Faculty of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Karachi, Karachi,
Pakistan
Salman Ahmed
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Faculty of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Karachi, Karachi,
Pakistan
Muhammad Mohtasheemul
Hassan
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Faculty of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Karachi, Karachi,
Pakistan
Corresponding Author:
Muhammad Mohtasheemul
Hassan
Department of Pharmacognosy,
Faculty of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University of Karachi, Karachi,
Pakistan
A review of medicinal uses, phytochemistry and
pharmacology of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper
Mehreen Zaheer, Salman Ahmed and Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hassan
Abstract
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper belongs to the family Papilionaceae. It is an erect hairy annual plant with long
twining branches. The flowers are small and yellow in color, while fruits are cylindrical. The pods are
hairy containing 1-4 seeds per pod. Seeds are used as nervine tonic and in urinary reflex disorder. The
phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, vitamin C and
steroids. Seeds posses antidiabetic, antioxidant and hypolipidemic properties. The present review
provides an updated information on its medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology.
Keywords: Vigna mungo, medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology
Introduction
Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper is a member of family Papilionaceae. It is an annual and important
short duration pulse crop native to central Asia. It is staple crop in Central and South East
Asia. However, it is extensively used only in India. It is summer pulse crop with short duration
(90 –120) days and high nutritive value [1].
Vigna mungo seeds
Table 1: Name of Vigna mungo in different languages [2, 3]
Languages
Names
Arabic
Maash
Bengali
Mash kalai/ Mashkalair dal
English
Black gram, Urd bean, Urad bean, Black lentil, Black matpe bean, Mungo bean, Mash bean
French
Ambérique, Haricot urd
German
Urdbohne, Linsenbohne
Gujrati
Aalad
Hindi
Urd dal
Italian
Fagiolo indiano nero, Fagiolo mungo nero
Japanese
Ke tsuru azuki
Kannada
Uddina bele
Malayalam
Uzhunnu parippu
Marathi
Uddachi dal
Portuguese
Feijão-da-India, feijão-preto
Russian
Fasal mungo, Fasol' vidov
Spanish
Frijol mungo, Fréjol negro, Frijol negro, Lenteja negra, Urd
Tamil
Ulutham paruppu, Ulundo
Telugu
Minapa pappu
Thai
Thuaa dahm
Urdu
Urd daal
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry http://www.phytojournal.com
Table 2: Taxonomy [4, 5]
Kingdom
Plantae
Sub tribe
Phaseolinae
Family
Papilionaceae
Genus
Vigna
Subfamily
Faboideae
Species
Mungo
Tribe
Phaseolae
Synonyms
Azukia mungo (L.) Masam.
Phaseolus hernandezii Savi
Phaseolus mungo L.
Phaseolus roxburghii Wight & Arn.
Plant
Leaves
Inflorescence
Flower
Fruit
Seeds
Seedling with epigeal germination.
Macroscopy of seed [6]
Hilum at (or almost at) the level of seed coat, Aril present, Funicle present, Aril massive, Narrow hilum with small
tracheid bar, Macrosclereids 48.8 pirn in height.
Table 3: Nutritional value of seeds [3, 7]
Essential minerals
Macro-minerals
Calcium
1.0-4.3 g/kg
Magnesium
3.0 g/kg
Phosphorus
3.9-6.5 g/kg
Micro-minerals
Copper
18 mg/kg
Iron
560 mg/kg
Zinc
99 mg/kg
Amino acid (g / 100 g)
Arginine
6.7
Cysteine
0.6-1.5
Glycine
3.7
Histidine
2.1
Isoleucine
4.6
Leucine
7.2
Lysine
6.5-7.3
Methionine
1.1-1.4
Phenylalanine
5.9
Threonine
3.4
Tyrosine
1.7
Valine
5.1
Traditional medicinal uses
Vigna mungo seeds are traditionally used as food and leaves
as vegetable. Seeds are used as nervine tonic for the treatment
of male sterility problems and act as a good aphrodisiac agent.
It is also used to treat urinary reflex disorder. Oil of seeds is
used to treat neurological problems like hemiplegia, polio
myelitis and rheumatological problems [8, 9].
Pharmacological activities
Different extracts of Vigna mungo have shown following
pharmacological properties.
Part
Extract
Pharmacological activity
Seeds
Aqueous: methanol (80:20)
Antioxidant [10]
Petroleum ether or alcohol
Immunostimulatory [11]
Petroleum ether, ethanol/water
Immunomodulatory [12]
Methanol, chloroform
Aphrodisiac [13]
Petroleum ether or alcohol
Antihyperlipidemic [14]
Petroleum ether, acetone
Antihyperlipidemic [15]
Aqueous
Anticonvulsant [16 ]
Hydroalcoholic
Anti-osteoarthritic [17]
Methanol
Antidiabetic [18]
Aqueous
Hepatoprotective and nephroprotective [19]
Aqueous
Antifungal [20]
-
Antiviral (HIV reverse transcriptase inhibition) [21]
Pulses
Tris-HCl
Enterokinase inhibition [22]
Methanol
Antimicrobial [23]
Cooked pulse
Antidiabetic [24]
Leaves
Petroleum ether
Hepatoprotective against CCl4 toxicity [25]
Methanol
Analgesic and anti-inflammatory, [26]
Ethanol
Anti-oxidant and nootropic and [27]
-
Diuretic [24]
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Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry http://www.phytojournal.com
Phytochemistry
Albumin, globulin, glutelin, prolamin, lectin [28, 29]
Alkaloid [13]
B-Sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol [10, 13]
Condensed tannins [10, 13]
Flavonoid [10, 13 ]
Glycoside [30]
Phenolic compounds [10, 13]
Saponin [13]
Conclusion
The traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of
V. mungo presented in this review could be helpful for future
studies and research. The plant has good future prospective
for discovery of new molecules and pharmacological
activities.
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... TAXONOMY 3, 5,7,8,11,14,15,16,17,18,19 Kingdom: Plantae ...
... Flowers are bisexual, papilionaceous, small; bracteoles linear to lanceolate, exceeding the calyx. Flowers are yellow and in dense clusters 14,17 . ...
... Black gram is grown mainly in Central and Southeast Asia. It is widely distributed in tropical West Africa and extensively cultivated all over India 5,7,14,16,18,25 . The Guntur District ranks first in Andhra Pradesh for the production of black gram in India 3 . ...
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INDIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY @BULLET Pages 1-*** Evaluation of anti-osteoarthritic activity of Vigna mungo in papain induced osteoarthritis model
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Full-text available
  • May 2014
In recent years, the desire to adopt a healthy diet has drawn attention to legume seeds and food products derived from them. Mash bean is an important legume crop used in Pakistan however a systematic mapping of the chemical composition of mash bean seeds is lacking. Therefore seeds of four mash bean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper, family Leguminoseae) cultivars (NARC-Mash-1, NARC-Mash-2, NARC-Mash-3, NARC-Mash-97) commonly consumed in Pakistan have been analyzed for their chemical composition, antioxidant potential and biological activities like inhibition of formation of advanced glycation end products (AGE) activity and tyrosinase inhibition activity. The investigated cultivars varied in terms of biochemical composition to various extents. Mineral composition indicated potassium and zinc in highest and lowest amounts respectively, in all cultivars. The amino acid profile in protein of these cultivars suggested cysteine is present in lowest quantity in all cultivars while fatty acid distribution pattern indicated unsaturated fatty acids as major fatty acids in all cultivars. All cultivars were found to be rich source of tocopherols and sterols. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) fingerprints of seed flour and extracts indicated major functional groups such as polysaccharides, lipids, amides, amines and amino acids. Results indicated that all investigated cultivars possessed appreciable antioxidant potential. All cultivars are rich source of protein and possess sufficient content of dietary fiber, a balanced amino acid profile, low saturated fatty acids and antioxidant capacity that rationalizes many traditional uses of seeds of this crop besides its nutritional importance. The collected data will be useful for academic and corporate researchers, nutritionists and clinical dieticians as well as consumers. If proper attention is paid, it may become an important export commodity and may fetch considerable foreign exchange for Pakistan.
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Antihyperglycemic studies with boiled and non-boiled Vigna mungo seeds
Article
  • Jan 2015
Vigna mungo is a common leguminous crop cultivated in Bangladesh for its edible seeds, which are consumed following boiling or cooking. Since many lentil plants are known to have antihyperglycemic activity, it was of interest to determine the antihyperglycemic potential of seeds of V. mungo both in its boiled and non-boiled form. In oral glucose tolerance tests conducted in glucose-loaded Swiss albino mice, crude methanol extract of non-boiled seeds reduced blood glucose levels by 29.1, 36.5, 42.6, and 48.9%, respectively, at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg per kg body weight. At the afore-mentioned four doses, the percent reductions in blood glucose levels were, respectively, 24.1, 35.1, 39.4, and 46.5% with crude methanol extract of boiled seeds. Glibenclamide, a standard antihyperglycemic drug was observed to reduce blood glucose levels by 48.2%, when administered at a dose of 10 mg per kg. Thus the extracts of both non-boiled and boiled seeds demonstrated good antihyperglycemic potential comparable to glibenclamide and can be used as a readily available alternative to alleviate high blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.
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Pharmocological evaluation of potential aphrodisiac activity of methanolic and chloroform extracts of Vigna mungo seeds in male albino rats
Article
  • Aug 2015
The present study was conducted to investigate the aphrodisiac activity of methanolic and chloroform extracts of seeds of Vigna mungo (MEVM and CEVM) in male albino rats. The aphrodisiac activity of MEVM and CEVM was evaluated by observing sexual behavioral parameters including Mount frequency (MF), Mount latency (ML), Ejaculatory latency (EL), Intromission latency (IL), Intromission frequency (IF), Ejaculation frequency (EF) and Post ejaculatory interval (PEI) and biochemical parameter like serum testosterone concentration in male rats. Both extracts were administered orally at doses of 200mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in MF, IF, EF as well as a significant decrease (p<0.05) in ML, IL, EL and PEI was observed when compared to control groups. There was also a significant increase (p<0.05) in serum testosterone concentration were recorded. The results of the present study demonstrate that MEVM and CEVM enhance sexual activity in male rats. This improvement in sexual function might be due to the presence of phytoconstituents like alkaloids, saponins, steroids and flavonoids found in the methanoic and chloroform seed extracts of Vigna mungo.
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Evaluation of hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity of aqueous extract of Vigna mungo (Linn.) Hepper on rifampicin-induced toxicity in albino rats
Article
  • Jan 2012
Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity of aqueous extract of seeds of Vigna mungo (AEVM) (fabaceae) against rifampicin-induced liver and kidney damage in rats. Settings and Design: Albino rats of either sex (200-250 g) were selected and divided in to eight groups of six animals in each. Four groups for hepatoprotective activity and four groups for nephroprotective activity. Group 1 was normal control, group 2 was positive control, group 3 was treated with standard drug, group 4 was treated with AEVM. Similarly it was done for nephroprotective activity. The results are evidenced on the basis of physical, biochemical, histological, and functional parameters. Materials and Methods: Drugs used are rifampicin, silymarin, diagnostic kits (SGPT, SGOT, ALP, and BIT) for hepatoprotective activity. BUN, serum creatinine, and serum uric acid for nephroprotective activity. Seed powder of Vigna mungo was extracted with water. Preliminary phytochemical tests were done to identify the phytoconstituents. The hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity of the AEVM were assessed in rifampicin-induced hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic rats. Statistical Analysis Used: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by "Tukey-Kramer" multiple comparison tests. Results: The AEVM showed the presence of amino acids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, proteins, phytic acid, total phenolic compounds, saponins, and tannins. Rifampicin produced significant changes in physical (increased liver weight, decreased body weight), biochemical (increase in serum glutathione pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (BIT) level, increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and serum uric acid level), histological (damage to hepatocytes, nephrons), and functional (barbiturates-induce sleeping time) induced by rifampicin in liver and kidney parameters, respectively. Pretreatment with AEVM significantly prevented the physical, biochemical, and histological changes induced by rifampicin in the liver and kidney, respectively. Conclusion: The AEVM possessed statistically significant hepatoprotective and nephroprotective activity.
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Comparative nutritional analysis between Vigna radiata and Vigna mungo of Pakistan
Article
Vigna radiata (mung bean) and Vigna mungo (mash bean) of the family Fabaceae are among staple food in Pakistan. The experiments were conducted on these beans to determine the proximate composition such as moisture, ash, fibre, fat and protein content. The protein isolates from V. radiata and V. mungo was prepared and their functional properties (foaming, nitrogen solubility index and SDS gel electrophoresis) were also analyzed. All biochemical constituents were analyzed using official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (2005). Results show that they have high protein content and play significant role in human nutrition. These beans have high nitrogen solubility and less fat content; which is a characteristic generally needed for healthy food. This research concluded that V. radiata has high percentage of moisture (9.74 ± 0.19), fat (1.35 ± 0.048) and protein content (22.5 ± 0.24) as compared to V. mungo (7.9 ± 0.06, 1.01 ± 0.01, 21.3 ± 0.24, respectively). 54 and 33% of protein isolates were made from V. radiata and V. mungo, respectively. The functional properties analysis enhances their acceptability in food industry.
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