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Paul - Het Archimedisch Punt van de Pentateuchkritiek - 1988
Abstract
Proefschrift over de verhouding van Deuteronomium en de reformatie van koning Josia.
Het werk bevat een geschiedenis van de exegese, met de nadruk op de 19e eeuw (het werk van W.M.L. de Wette en J. Wellhausen).
... This theoretical hypothesis resulted in sweeping chronological changes in relation to the biblical narrative of ancient Israel, deconstructing much into a myth or fairy story prior to King Josiah in the seventh century BCE. A major development of this new paradigm was proposed in 1805 by Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette, who presented at the University of Jena his Dissertatio criticoexegetica qua Deuteronomium…, a thesis written in Latin (De Wette, 1805) and consisting of only 14 pages (Paul, 1988). The full title in English reads as follows: "Critical and exegetical dissertation wherein it is shown that Deuteronomy is a work different from the earlier books of the Pentateuch and by a different author, of a more recent age" (translated by Harvey & Halpern, 2008). ...
The tenth century BCE synchronism between Pharaoh Shoshenq I, the founder of the 22nd Dynasty in Egypt, and the biblical Shishak is widely accepted. However, various paradigms exist regarding the understanding of biblical texts and their possible association with archaeological strata. The nineteenth century Wellhausen paradigm theorized that the Law is younger than the Prophets, thereby initiating a Low Chronology and mythologizing much of Israel’s biblical history. Thomas Levy advocated throughout his career an open-minded approach concerning biblical texts and archaeology in the southern Levant. The present paper focuses on the radiocarbon dating results of Tel Megiddo, an Iron Age site of major importance and its possible relationships with biblical texts. The paper evaluates the influence of various scholarly paradigms on chronology, followed by an assessment of Tel Megiddo’s radiocarbon dates, using the latest IntCal 20 calibration curve. Based on nuclear physics, 14C dating results provide inherently unbiased numbers, unaffected by human paradigms and literary theories, whether liberal, conservative or postmodern. The radiocarbon evaluations of Tel Megiddo do not support chronological correlation of a destruction layer with the Shoshenq Campaign, neither the Stratum VIA destruction (former Finkelstein paradigm), nor the Stratum VA-IVB destruction (Yadin and Mazar paradigm). Stratum VB has two radiocarbon dates covering the tenth century BCE, supporting Yadin, who associated Megiddo V with the United Monarchy of Solomon. However, the destruction layer of Stratum VA-IVB dates to the ninth century BCE, supporting Finkelstein who related this devastation to Hazael’s Campaign. The radiocarbon dating results imply that Megiddo V and VA-IVB cover both the tenth century BCE (United Monarchy) and a large part of the ninth century BCE (Omride Dynasty of the Northern Kingdom of Israel). The historical break between the United Monarchy and the Divided Monarchies at Megiddo was apparently not accompanied by a distinct archaeological break. Ceramic studies appear to have difficulties distinguishing between the tenth and the ninth centuries BCE, as judged by the radiocarbon dating results. The stratigraphy and periodization of Megiddo VIA, VB, and VA-IVB should be reassessed in much more detail with radiocarbon dating to sort out the chronology and archaeological history across the tell.KeywordsTel MegiddoDestruction layersIron AgeSynchronismsBiblical associationsParadigmsRadiocarbon dating
... Hierdie punt staan bekend as die Archimediese punt (Archimedean Point) en dit gee later aanleiding tot die bronneteorie van Wellhausen (Otto 2007:21). M.J. Paul (1988) toon breedvoerig aan in sy boek Het Archimedisch Punt van de Pentateuchkritiek wat die verhouding tussen die boek Deuteronomium en die reformasie van koning Josia was. Moberly (2001:143-154) merk ook op dat Wellhausen hierdie datum as 'n baken geag het in die skryf van sy Prolegomena. ...
Julius Wellhausen � the thoughts of an Old Testament scholar. The purpose of this article is to examine the life, influence and greatest works of Old Testament scholar Julius Wellhausen. Wellhausen was influenced by the findings of other Old Testament critics that preceded him, as well as the new environment that the Enlightenment has created. These influences can be seen in his three major works: Die Komposition des Hexateuchs � here an idea of the method he used in the recognition, grouping and dating of the sources can be found. Wellhausen made use of these sources to construct a history of Israel which can be viewed in his Geschichte Israels. His greatest work was most certainly his Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels and he makes significant findings in the part on the Geschichte des Kultus. The question to be answered though is: Does Wellhausen�s source hypothesis still has a part to play in our modern research on the Pentateuch?
בכל–המקום (Ex 20,24b) should not be translated as "in every place" but as "in the whole place". Evidence for this interpretation is the linguistic fact that כל + determiner is usually translated as "whole." Furthermore, the immediate context suggests that מקום refers the holy mountain of Sinai, which has been specially demarcated. As a whole, Ex 20,24-26 is to be read as an instruction to Moses, which is then implemented by him in Ex 24. It is concluded that redaction-critical attempts to ascribe the current form of Ex 20,24-26 to a Deuteronomic redactor are based on circular reasoning.
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