Evaluating the tracking e-Files prototype project based on the task technology fit model

Abstract

Locating files in an exact time is considered one of the greatest problems and the tedious process in universities nowadays. This problem becomes greater when the university has a large number of departments and transactions, as well as the documents are moving from one department to another. Especially, developing countries that have many problems and unstable environment and that may lead to lost or damage the important documents that influence on the decision making. Furthermore, the traditional manner not only wasted the time and energy, but also the paper cost for printing copies of required file. And with the advancement of technology and the increase of Internet users, documents are still being sent in Iraqi universities manually between departments. Although the higher education and scientific research ministry was recommended the public universities for using modern technologies during the daily transactions between the departments or amongst the units. Therefore, this study sought to design and evaluate the prototype system which tracks movements of the documents from one department to another as well as check the completion rate for each department. For providing opportunities to assess how well the use of e-file tracking system meets the needs of management units in universities. The systems implementation research notes the need to fit between tasks, technologies and users. Thus, this empirical study utilized the task technology fit model for this purpose. The results from selected participants indicated that all the factors significant effect on the employee’s performance in E-file Tracking System, excepted, task characteristics. This study will be contributed to reduce the corruption and enhance the transparency and help the decision-makers make the right decision at the right time.

Full text

Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Vol. 17, No. 2, February 2020, pp. 728~738
ISSN: 2502-4752, DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v17.i2.pp728-738  728
Journal homepage: http://ijeecs.iaescore.com
Evaluating the tracking e-files prototype project based on the
task technology fit model
Nassir Jabir Al-khafaji1, Riyad Mubarak Abdullah2, Mohammed A. Kashmoola3
1Technical Institute Nasiriyah, Southern Technical University, Iraq
2-3Department of Computer Science, University of Al-Hamdaniya, Iraq
Article Info
ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Apr 25, 2019
Revised Jun 26, 2019
Accepted Jul 10, 2019
Locating files in an exact time is considered one of the greatest problems and
the tedious process in universities nowadays. This problem becomes greater
when the university has a large number of departments and transactions,
as well as the documents are moving from one department to another.
Especially, developing countries that have many problems and unstable
environment and that may lead to lost or damage the important documents
that influence on the decision making. Furthermore, the traditional manner
not only wasted the time and energy, but also the paper cost for printing
copies of required file. And with the advancement of technology and the
increase of Internet users, documents are still being sent in Iraqi universities
manually between departments. Although the higher education and scientific
research ministry was recommended the public universities for using modern
technologies during the daily transactions between the departments or
amongst the units. Therefore, this study sought to design and evaluate the
prototype system which tracks movements of the documents from one
department to another as well as check the completion rate for each
department. For providing opportunities to assess how well the use of e-file
tracking system meets the needs of management units in universities.
The systems implementation research notes the need to fit between tasks,
technologies and users. Thus, this empirical study utilized the task
technology fit model for this purpose. The results from selected participants
indicated that all the factors significant effect on the employee’s performance
in E-file Tracking System, excepted, task characteristics. This study will be
contributed to reduce the corruption and enhance the transparency and help
the decision-makers make the right decision at the right time.
Keywords:
Educational institution
E-file tracking
Employee
SEM-PLS
Technology fit Model
Copyright © 2020 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
All rights reserved.
Corresponding Author:
Nassir Jabir Al-khafaji,
Southern Technical University,
Technical Institute Nasiriyah,
Baghdad Street, ThiQar.
Email: nassir.farhan@stu.edu.iq
1. INTRODUCTION
The advancement of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) results in development of
many software application systems in various disciplines, such as telemedicine systems [1], electronic
commerce systems [2] and e-voting [3]. These modern techniques have helped to provide good and accurate
services to citizens and customers. With regard to Universities, it often includes a huge amount of physical
file in shape of documents which carries very crucial and sensitive data on educational records.
These sensitive data need protection to ensure that they transfer from one department to another without
damage or knowledge of content. According to Romaniuk [4] dissemination of information in correct flow
and the knowledge sharing mechanisms have vital role in every institution to manage their tasks.

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The changing role and the large amount of information prepared by department in university makes it
necessary to apply tools which allow quick and efficient processing and use of such data safety. Information
and communication technologies act as main supporting element that assists in the integration of institutions
and increase possibilities for the cooperation between public administration bodies with other entities and
departments. These information and technologies are becoming more and more helpful increasing the
effectiveness of communication process [5]. In this study, used the term documents which mean to be files as
well as papers throughout the article.
According to Goodhue and Thompson [6], the linkage between information and communications
technologies and user performance has been an ongoing concern in IS research, this argument also supported
by Carter, Petter and Randolph [7]. Moreover, although IS project in general and e-file systems in specific
have been widely implemented in governments worldwide but the challenges faced by the users during and
post-implementation of these systems remain a growing concerns for stakeholders.
The e-file Tracking System (EFTS) utilized in universities as a solution to traditional file
management system and to improve the document management online. This makes the retrieval of
documents online at with updated information on movement of files between offices in universities [8].
For all the potential benefits of using the e-file tracking system in the government universities, there are
enormous challenges present when implementing it, with a failing in the implementations of electronic
systems in developing countries and especially in Iraq, Because Iraq has experience in failure in many IT
projects such as e-government local project [9]. In addition to that, Kvon et al [10] affirmed that rapid
development in information technology and its usage in higher education contributes in efficiency but on the
hand results in various risks that affect implementation of other educational processes and aspects of
education system. These risk associated with using information technology in higher education suggests to
examine the use of an electronic system by a person but also the effect bring by this system on employees job
performance. Whereas, the abilities of employees to handle these information technology systems and the
challenges in the implementation stages also serves as critical [11]. In light of the cited literature, the research
to understand the factors that contributes in use of new system and employee job performance followed by an
implementation in initial phase can be valuable to the universities. The best model to theoretically support the
idea is task-technology fit (TTF) model. Lu and Yang [12] asserted that TTF model is widely used model that
provides best theoretical explanation on how information technology leads to superior performance and
impact of its usage by the employees. The rest of this paper is organized as follows: Section 2 highlights on
the critical issues pertinent on the modern technology and the effect on the job performance. Section 3
elaborates TTF model as the related theoretical framework on the e-file tracking. Section 4 build the e-file
tracking prototype for university working style by using Bootstrap Framework and PHP with MySql as the
back-end programs language. Section 5 explains the methodology employed in current research including
research design, study setting, instruments, data sample, data analysis technique employees, prototype system
and experimental results. In addition, Section 6 contains the discussion and conclusion.
2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
To locate the specific file in a specific time is considered one of the most tiresome works in almost
all the public organizations [13]. With the increasing number of departments in universities, file tracking
requires an independent employee in almost all departments of the university. Time is wasted only for
searching of a certain documents, and the problem becomes worse when the files or reports are important and
may influence on the decision-making [14]. As well as, managing data is a laborious job; especially in cases
where there is need to handle a large amount of data [15]. Therefore, Mahmood and Okumus [16] added that,
electronic document system is currently becoming one of the most required tools for management in
Universities. With the advancement of technology and the increase of Internet users, documents are still
being sent in Iraqi universities manually between departments [17]. Although the higher education and
scientific research ministry was recommended the public universities for using modern technologies during
the daily transactions between the departments or amongst the units.
Notwithstanding that the benefits of the e-file system are numerous, there are significant challenges
associated with developing and implementing it in many organizations. According to Zhu and Kindarto [18],
the rate of failure of IT projects in the public sector is abnormally high in many countries (whether developed
or developing countries), particular in post-implementation. The current empirical research recognized TTF
model as powerful model and employed it to assess the adoption and use of an innovative artifact in a
specific context in post-implementation stage. Goodhue and Thomson [6] argued that for any technology the
willingness or acceptance from the users is very important and the technology should fit with task of the
users to prove its effectiveness. In addition of the previous arguments, there is not much research, however,
that focus specifically focuses on the Middle East and provides a richer understanding of the e-file tracking

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process and its challenges in public universities. Furthermore, so far, there is insufficient research on the
study of system tracking acceptance or adoption based on the application of the TTF model
3. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In this section, we discuss the key concepts and related works on the e-file concept and previous
studies that concentrates on the system tracking.
3.1. What is EFTS
Electronic File Tracking System (EFTS) is “a web application that manages the movements of files
at any time from one desk/room to another and assists in managing the efficient flow of files”.
Saldon-Eder [19] documented file tracking system as a system that manage the process of storing, locating,
updating and sharing data file to support workflow progression and business outcomes. Sprague [14] added
that, this application save paper, speed up communications and increase the productivity of business
processes through its effectiveness to manage communication.
Using this system any desk/room can send and receive request, and decisions at any time. This file
tracking system use a systematic procedure and assign file a unique numbering for efficient file management
that use for file status monitoring and file movement tracking. This system uses a very powerful search form
that can locate and file and also enable to analyses the file movement from one place to another. Therefore,
Mahmood and Okumus [16] argued that in order to have effective management and administration system it
is crucial for every organization to adopt an electronic document system.
In context of university, this system allows the administrator (Rector of a university) to create
faculties and assign them all the departments based on the hierarchy of that particular university.
Every department must have a user (chief of department) responsible for managing that department files.
On the other hand, administrative have rights to add a user (Administrative Staff) who act a Secretariat of
university in the file management system. All parties in the system including administrator and users can
create a custom file (for instance: request or decision) and send them to concerned person for confirmation.
As the file will be sent to the concerned person, the person will het notification of new arrived file and have
an option to accept or reject the upcoming file. In case file is accepted no additional comment is require,
on contrary a rejection require reasons for rejection of file and rejected file will be automatically returned to
the sender. The accepted file will be moved to the accepted file section and provide options to the receivers
like forward, send to archive, print, download and edit. In case of using “forward” option, the sender will see
another window with possible forwarding’s. As the work on file is finished, the responsible person can press
the send for archiving button and file will be sent to the administrator for archiving. Moreover, same file is
available for download and print option. Importantly, only accepted files can be edited by the responsible
persons. In addition, only administrative have the right to see the movement history of the file archived
in database.
3.2. Benefits of File Tracking System
According to Krasniqi [20] there are more advantages of using information technology in general
and electronic file tracking system in specific for the organizations and universities, below listed the key
benefits of such technologies:
a) Effective and efficient file management system Online File Tracking
b) Secure file management with fast retrieval
c) Staff performance improvement
d) Increase in organizational efficiency level
e) Paperless communication system and reduce paper cost
f) Less energy consumed in terms of resources
g) Time saving
h) No file redundancy
i) Less chances of mistakes in record keeping
j) Low cost and effective solution to tradition file management system
3.3. E-file System Tracking in University
Information and communication technologies have been implemented in different organizations for
effectiveness. These technologies help organizations in many aspects such as strategy, budget, anti-
corruption, security and privacy, user requirements, cooperation and system integration among others [21].
Alshibly [22] also supported the claim and mentioned that information technologies are source of achieving
efficiency in operations by reducing cost, automation in processes, improving capacity, minimizing errors

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and saving on labor cost. Özdemirci [23] indicated that the use of information and communication
technology is essential and crucial for educational institutions. EFTS provides solution in terms of improved
efficiency of communication by providing online tracking of the movement of document online and details of
in and out of the offices.
Currently, most of the public universities in Iraq use a physical standard way for making decisions
and requests or any important information. Similarly, Mushhad, Gilani, Ahmed and Abbas [24] said that
most of universities are suffering due to obstacles in file management due to using paper based or semi-
automated systems. Other than this during the archiving of needed file, they have to use physical standard
way [20]. Most often, the archiving of the files should be done alphabetically or numerically. This traditional
way requires lot of energy and a time consuming method, it can be result in misplacing of files or sometime
even loss of important file that can be hinder for university work and could decease the work performance.
In case when university wants to solve an issue or make a decision based on the file that is available in the
physical archive, this is a time consuming process to go and find such file from the archive room. All these
activities results in wastage of time and energy which can be utilized for other organizational processes.
Mushhad et al., [24] referred that, as indexing multiple documents in universities, searching and sorting are
cumbersome processes for paper documents.
On the other hand, seldom situation is file lost and to secure a file room it also cost too much to
organization. All security systems including sensors, anti-theft alarms, fire alarms and security devices cost
organization a heavy amount. In case of country like Iraq with unstable situation, a file can be missing or lost
due to corruption. These all way of storing file allow unauthorized person to access and modify the record,
even the person can torn or burn the file and the record will be vanished forever. In fact, these kinds of
situations can be serious problem when the record is of sensitive nature. These problems and others (see
Section 2) encourage the current research to develop a file tracking system that can solve all discuss problem
which can occur due to physical file system and solve these problems in best manner and assess this new file
system based on TTF model perspective. According to Demong, Hassan, Besar and Zulkifli [8], electronic
file tracking is becoming more crucial for university because of their aim of paperless society and helping
staff in delivering, maintaining and managing all the documents efficiently in order to provide excellence
service quality. Furthermore, EFTS appears as solution that provides improved efficiency in retrieving
documents online at any time and also keeps track of the movement of files from one place to another [19].
Electronic file transfer system brings many benefits to university which includes the availability of
the document immediately and these documents are available to multiple users at the same time. This also
eliminates the need of extra copies for the others and electronic documents will not get lost if they are
indexed and backed up properly. Williams and Uzochukwu [25] stated that, document tracking system is a
cost effective web-based application that will guarantee organization savings on an on-going basis.
Moreover, improve customer service across all departments including enrollment services. Therefore,
based on above the current study aimed to design and develop and electronic e-file tacking system that can be
used by universities with purpose to move from traditional file system to an organized and cost saving
electronic system, the system is then evaluated based on TTF perspective.
3.4. Tasks-Technology-Fit (TTF)
This section highlights the importance of information technology and how the fit between modern
technologies impact on employees’ task in achieving individual performance. To achieve this main objective,
the prior study asserted that, the task-technology fit is authentic source and can be used as a diagnostic tool to
assess whether information technologies system and services used by a give organization meets the user
needs or in other words failed to provide the require support. According to Goodhue and Thompson [6] TTF
is “the degree to which a technology assists an individual in performing his or her portfolio of tasks”.
Moreover, Lu and Yang [12] documented TTF as a theoretical model that is widely employed to assess how
information technology leads to superior performance and usage impact. Figure 1 present the TTF model as
depicts that both task characteristics and technology characteristics affect the task technology fit, which in
turn determines individual performance and actual utilization.
Although TTF model has well known and widely adapted in information system research filed by
various researchers such as D'Ambra, Wilson and Akter [26], Junglas, Abraham and Watson [27] and Zhou,
Lu, and Wang [28]. But the limited attention has been paid on applying TTF in electronic file tracking system
as used in current research. The claim has been supported by Lu and Yang [12], where the use of TTF model
has been recommended to further explore TTF and validate it in various contexts. Based on the identified
gap, the current research used TTF as an established theoretical framework in information system research
that allows investigation of issues of fit of technology to tasks as well as performance (source). TTF explores
the relationship between individual tasks and technology fit profiles by measuring user performance and
technology utilization. Table 1 lists the TTF constructs with brief description for each one.

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Figure 1. The task-technology fit model
Table 1. TTF Constructs
Construct
Description
Sources
Task Characteristics
In the broad TTF perspective, tasks are defined as “actions carried out by
individuals in turning inputs to outputs to satisfy their information needs.
Task characteristics are those that a user might use information technology
to perform. Tasks can vary in a number of dimensions: task non-
routineness, task interdependence, and time criticality”.
Goodhue and
Thompson [6]
D'Ambra, Wilson
and Akter [26]
Technology
Characteristics
Technology is any too including hardware, software or data that can be used
by employees in managing their job tasks with ease. The attributes of the
technologies impact on the perception of the employees about technology
and its usage. The TTF model highlights the key role of technologies
(functionality and attributes) and their compatibility and fitness with the
needs of individuals.
Task-Technology Fit
TTF is a terms used to assess the degree to which a technology help an
individual in performing a variety of tasks. TTF is the fitness of technology
and its functionality with the task requirement of the individuals and their
abilities.
Utilization
The past literature on utilization presented it as a belief of users about using
a system. TTF is one of the determinants that belief about the usefulness of
the system for the users and how the usage of system can bring benefit for
the users.
Performance Impacts
Performance is regarded as the accomplishment of the assigned tasks by the
individuals. In TTF context, high performance depicts the higher level of
technology fit with the user requirements and the satisfaction gained by
using IT. Higher level of TTF enhances the performance impact of the
system usage.
4. DEVELOPING THE E-FILE TRACKING SYSTEM PROTOTYPE
Electronic file has been proposed as a solution prototype system to enhance the efficiency of
retrieving the significant documents and reports online at anytime and anywhere as well as tracing the
movement of documents in and out of the specific department.
The softwares used to develop this system are WAMP and Sublime Text v3.0. The researchers also
used frameworks such as Bootstrap. According to Saldon-Eder [19], Bootstrap is one of the most popular
front-end frameworks and open source projects in the world. It is a front-end framework for faster and easier
web development. The researchers chose Bootstrap because it is easy to learn and can be easily be
manipulated. Since web-based programs and software are easy to access, HTML and PHP are good for
developing this kind of programs. HTML and PHP also allows the researcher to do more designs with the
help of Bootstrap. MySQL is a free and open source database program. It can be used to create, modify and
manipulate information contained in the database. It is used to add, delete and update information in the
database. Figure 2 illustrates the main functions of this system.
In order to achieve the proposed system, the researchers developed functional software that satisfied
the system design. The researchers also used some logical procedures in creating and developing the software
in order for the system to work efficiently. The researchers chose Hypertext Processor (PHP) and Hypertext
Mark-up Language (HTML) for the front-end, PHP/HTML as a front-end for our proposed system because it
has the features which suites the needs of our client and we can assure that it is user-friendly.

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Figure 2. Managing page for admin
5. MEASURING E-FILE TRACKING SYSTEM BASED ON TTF
The current research employed quantitative research design, where survey questionnaire was used as
a source of primary data collection. The survey questionnaire was carefully designed in accordance with
previous literature and distributed and filled by target participants who have experience in using selected
system which is e-file tracking system. Moreover, the purpose of this study understands the fit between the
technologies used and the employee's performance.
Meanwhile, to evaluate the fit of e-file tracking system on the employee tasks and performance, this
study harnesses the structural equation modeling techniques (SEM) for this purpose. More specifically, SEM
using Partial Least Square (PLS) has been opted to run the proposed model. PLS is a regression based
technique based on path analysis to test the proposed hypothesis. The PLS approach is more appropriate to
employed in current research as compared to other SEM approaches. The reason of selection PLS is the
flexibility of normality data assumption, small sample size requirement and ability to handle complex
predictive model. The PLS approach is employed using computer program named SmartPLS 3 which is
widely used in multivariate data analysis. In addition, the survey measures five ordinal variables, which are
Technology Characteristics, Task Characteristics, Task-Technology Fit, Utilization and Performance
Impacts, as well as demographic dimensions. The measurements for the focal constructs were adapted from
the previous research studies in the field as indicted in Table 2. The selected measures used in current
research were carefully adapted from the previous literature in filed due to their authenticity, usefulness and
relevance with current research. Table 2 presents the summary of the instruments used in current research,
their sources and proposed hypotheses.

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Table 2. Construct's Measurement
Constructs
Items
NO.
Hypothesis
Adopted from
Task
Characteristics
(TASK)
TASK1 – I need to manage my
accounts (the documents)
anytime anywhere
TASK2 – I need to make
transfers (traces the documents)
anytime anywhere
TASK3 – I need to acquire
document information in real
time.
H1
Task characteristics
positively affect the
perceived task-technology
fit in e-file system.
Zhou et al. [28]
Lin and Huang [29]
Goodhue and
Thompson [6]
Technology
characteristics
(TECH)
TECH1 – e-file tracking system
provides ubiquitous services
TECH2 – e-file tracking system
provides real time services
TECH3 – e-file tracking system
provides a quick service
TECH4 – e-file tracking system
provides secure services.
H2
Technology characteristics
positively affect the
perceived task-technology
fit in e-file system.
Task technology fit
(TTF)
TTF1 – In helping complete my
tasks, the functions of e-file
tracking system are enough.
TTF2 – In helping complete my
tasks, the functions of e-file
tracking system are appropriate.
TTF3 – In general, the functions
of e-file tracking system fully
meet my university needs
H3a
Task-technology fit in e-
file system has a positive
impact on Performance
Impacts
Utilization
UTILIZ1 – I use e-file tracking
system
UTILIZ2 – I use e-file tracking
system to manage my tasks
UTILIZ2 – I use e-file tracking
system to tracking the
documents
H3b
Task-technology fit in e-
file tracking system has a
positive impact on using e-
file tracking system.
Performance
Impacts (PI)
PI1 – I gain time using
electronic tracking system
PI2 – electronic tracking system
allows me to make my work
quicker
P13- I feel e-file tracking system
is useful
H4
Utilization of e-file
tracking system has a
positive impact on
Performance Impacts.
6. MEASUREMENT MODEL TESTING
The current research used measurement model to assess the reliability and validity of the constructs
employed. As suggested by Chin [30] and Hair et al. [31], the reliability and validity of construct are assessed
through composite reliability, discriminant validity and convergent validity in current research.
The reliability of the reflect measurement model using PLS-SEM should be assessed through indictor
reliability and construct reliability as show in Figure 3. The agreed criterion of factor loading greater than
0.70 [32-34] was used to assess the indicators reliability and the loading on its associated latent construct was
checked. The current research used PLS Algorithm in SmartPLS to assess the measurement model.
As per suggestions of Hair et al. [35] those indicators with loading between 0.4-0.7 can be deleted
where it improves the values of Composite Reliability (CR) or Average Variance Extracted (AVE) to gain
acceptable thresholds. In current research measurement model, indicator TECH1 less than 0.7 but meanwhile
CR and AVE are acceptable, therefore this indicator is retained. In order to measure the convergent validity
of the used constructs, CR and AVE were used based on previous literature. In this regard, Fornell and
Larcker [36] provided a threshold where CR of each construct used in measurement model should be greater
than 0.7 and the value of AVE should be above 0.5 to ensure the constructs hold convergent and discriminant
validity. The measurement model in current research shows that CR an AVE for the used construct are above
the threshold suggested by Fornell and Larcker [36].These results are presented in Table 3.
Chin [37] mentioned the criteria for establishment of discriminant validity in which square root of
AVE is greater than correlation shared between constructs and others constructs in the model. The greater
value of square root of AVE depicts that constructs hold the discriminant validity. The result in Table 4
shows that current research meets Fornell and Larcker [36] criteria. The values on diagonal depict the
constructs hold discriminant validity.

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Figure 3. Measurement model
Table 3. The Results of Assessment of the Measurement Model
Constructs
Items
Loading
CR
AVE
PI
PI
0.
0.
0.
PI
0.
PI
0.
TASK
TASK
0.
0.
0.
TASK
0.
TASK
0.
TECH
TECH
0.
0.
0.
TECH
0.
TECH
0.
TECH
0.
TTF
TTF
0.
0.
0.
TTF
0.
TTF
0.
UTILIZ
UTILIZ
0.
0.
0.
UTILIZ
0.
UTILIZ
0.
Table 4. Discriminant Validity of the Variable Constructs
Latent Variables
1
2
3
4
5
PI
0.772
TASK
0.353
0.843
TECH
0.927
0.255
0.790
TTF
0.650
0.760
0.508
0.748
UTILIZ
0.490
0.529
0.433
0.697
0.801
7. STRUCTURAL MODEL TESTING
The current research in addition to PLS Algorithm used bootstrapping procedure to get the decision
values, where T-values and P values for all the path were produced to support the decision either hypothesis
is supported or not supported. Table 5 provides details on the test paths, t-vlaue, p-value and decision
regarding the hypothesized relationship.
Results of structural model for hypotheses testing indicated that out of five of the exogenous and
endogenous latent variables, one of the variables was not supported, namely: Task Characteristics-> Task-
technology fit, where t-value was 1.576.
Table 5. Hypotheses Testing Results
NO.
Hypothesis
t.value
p.value
Decision
H1
Task Characteristics -> Task
technology fit
1.576
0.116
Not
supported
H3a
Task technology fit -> Performance
Impacts
18.783
0.000
Supported
H3b
Task technology fit -> Utilization
4.133
0.000
Supported
H2
Technology Characteristics -> Task
technology fit
3.685
0.000
Supported
H4
Utilization-> Performance Impacts
1.645
0.100
Supported

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736
The values of R2 for the constructs Performance Impacts, Task-technology fit and Utilization are
acceptable and adequate. Where, R2 of key target construct of the present study (employee’s performance of
e-file tracking system) has a high value of 0.869. In the same context, the R2 for each of Task-technology fit
(0.298) and Utilization (0.187) provides acceptable level of explanation. The present study also supports the
prior finding through the use of Q2 predictive relevancy measure, as shown in Table 6.
Table 6. Results of R2, Q2, and f2
Construct
R2
Q2
Effect Size
Correlation Between variables
f2
Remarks
Performance
Impacts
0.8
69
0.4
36
Technology characterizes -
>Performance Impacts
4.812
Large
Task-
technology fit
0.2
98
0.3
69
Technology characterizes ->Utilization
0.230
Medium
Utilization
0.1
87
0.3
87
Task technology ->Task-technology fit
0.331
Medium
Utilization ->Performance Impacts
0.220
Medium
The blindfolding procedure using SmartPLS provides Q2 value with an omission distance D=7 show
the adequate predictive relevance for Performance Impacts (0.436), Task-technology Fit (0.369) and
Utilization (0.387). The finding indicates that the value of Q2 is above zero which is criterion to show
predictive relevance of the path model. The values calculated for effect size using f2 also provide support for
variables (Technology characterizes, Task characterizes and Utilization). The f2 a value in Table 6 indicates
that the effect Technology characterizes->Utilization, Task technology ->Task-technology fit and Utilization
->Performance Impacts is medium. Moreover, the effect of Technology characterizes ->Performance Impacts
is large.
8. CONCLUSION
Information and communication technologies have been implemented in different organizations for
effectiveness. These technologies help organizations in many aspects such as strategy, budget, anti-
corruption, security and privacy, user requirements, cooperation and system integration among others.
With regard to universities, centralized data storage and sharing system within specific servers assist
university departments to access information with ease in efficient and effective manner. Moreover, it
provides the important documents a secure storage and retrieval place. Therefore, the electronic file Tracking
System is developed to assist the monitoring of documents specifically in the processes of tracking the
completion of transactions and keeping files required in decision-making. The TTF model is considered as an
important theoretical contribution in understanding how utilization of informational technology impacts
performance of individuals. This current research employed TTF model to determine the factors that
influence on individual the individual performance of e-file tracking system.
Data was gathered in this study from staffs who work in the university in Mosel, Iraq. Based on the
analysis of the collected data, task-technology fit has a significant relationship with Performance Impacts and
Utilization. Meanwhile, Technology Characteristics has a significant relationship with Task-technology fit
and Utilization also significantly affects employee’s Performance on e-file tracking system. While,
Task Characteristics does not affect Task technology fit.
This prototype system aims to manage and preserve the important documents related to educational
institutes in the higher education through web-based system. This system will enable the chief stakeholders to
easily access and retrieve the document when needed. Moreover, this system provides a central repository
system for the documents and streamlines document process through a department. This system also provides
a tracking system and well organized monitoring system which is one of the key features in an e-file
tracking prototype.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Dr. Nassir Jabir Al-khafaji is the Lecturer of Computers Systems Department at Technical
Institute-Nasiriyah. He is the Manager of Computer Center at Technical Institute-Nasiriyah,
Southern Technical University. He earned his MSc. in social networking platforms. His
PhD was in e-government applications from the Utara University Malaysia in Malaysia. My
research is in the area of e-Application (e-government, e-learning, etc), where I focus on
electronic projects evaluation and testing and user behaviours. This has involved studying,
designing, and evaluating a range of modern applications including e-voting, e-file, and
IOT. My work tends to span many disciplines including computer science.
Dr. Riyad Mubarak Abdullah is the Dean of the College of Education at the University of
Alhamdaniya. He is also an assistant professor and lecturer at the Department of Computer
Sciences. He earned his MSc. in networking. His PhD was in image processing from the
University of UGM in Indonesia. His main research interests are image processing,
networking and electronic applications.
Mr. Mohammed A. Kashmoola is a lecturer at the Department of Computer Sciences the
University of Alhamdaniya. He is also the manager of the universiry president's office. His
main research interests are designing and testing electronic applications.