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A new species of Androlepis (Bromelioideae; Bromeliaceae), endemic from southern Megamexico
Abstract and Figures
Androlepis najarroi (Bromelioideae, Bromeliaceae), a third dioecious species identified in the subfamily, is proposed as new from the Chiapas Highlands and Veracruzan biogeographical provinces, southern Megamexico. The novelty is superficially similar to Aechmea lueddemanniana but features characteristics of Androlepis, such as unisexual flowers and apically divided filaments. Based upon available information on the species and current generic concepts, assigning this species to Androlepis might only be provisional. The present contribution includes distribution maps, iconography, an identification key to the species of Androlepis, and a preliminary evaluation of the conservation status of this new species.
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... This genetically very well-defined clade has also been found in previous studies with relevant sampling and resolution (Schulte & al., 2005;Horres & al., 2007;Schulte & Zizka, 2008;Schulte & al., 2009;Sass & Specht, 2010;Díaz, 2019). From the morphological point of view, the members of this clade are strikingly different (Ramirez-Diaz & al., 2020). However, the consistent results of molecular phylogenetic studies very much contradict the current taxonomy. ...
A phylogenomic analysis of the so far phylogenetically unresolved subfamily Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) was performed to infer species relationships as the basis for future taxonomic treatment, stabilization of generic concept, and further analyses of evolution and biogeography of the subfamily. A target-enrichment approach was chosen, using the Angiosperms353 v.4 kit RNA-baits and including 86 Bromelioideae species representing previously identified major evolutionary lineages. Phylogenetic analyses were based on 125 target nuclear loci, assembled off-target plastome as well as mitogenome reads. A Bromelioideae phylogeny with a mostly well-resolved backbone is provided based on nuclear (194 kbp), plastome (109 kbp), and mitogenome data (34 kbp). For the nuclear markers, a coalescent-based analysis of single-locus gene trees was performed as well as a supermatrix analysis of concatenated gene alignments. Nuclear and plastome datasets provide well-resolved trees, which showed only minor topological in-congruences. The mitogenome tree is not sufficiently resolved. A total of 26 well-supported clades were identified. The genera Aechmea, Canistrum, Hohenbergia, Neoregelia, and Quesnelia were revealed polyphyletic. In core Bromelioideae, Acanthostachys is sister to the remainder. Among the 26 recognized clades, 12 correspond with currently employed taxonomic concepts. Hence, the presented phylogenetic framework will serve as an important basis for future taxonomic revisions as well as to better understand the evolutionary drivers and processes in this exciting subfamily.
Angiosperms display an enormous diversity of forms, functions and strategies when it comes to reproduction. This multiplicity has been translated into several terminological concepts and contexts, which have facilitated further research. On the other hand, the use of terms that address the reproduction of flowering plants has been shown to be inconsistent in the literature, complicating communication among specialists. Key terms, such as “reproductive system”, “mating system” and “sexual system”, among others, have been frequently cited as synonyms, and even used in different circumstances. This review proposes to establish a consistent nomenclatural classification in the field of angiosperms reproductive biology in order to facilitate communication among researchers. Specific terms related to angiosperm reproduction are conceptualized and distributed into five general systems: four related to sexual reproduction (sexual, floral, incompatibility and mating systems); and one related to asexual reproduction (apomictic systems). Our proposal is not to establish a natural classification, but rather to provide a general overview of the main concepts that were grouped here in an artificial and functional manner. Our aim is to advance the field of reproductive biology of angiosperms with consistent and well-defined applications of relevant terminologies.
This open access book offers a fully illustrated compendium of glossary terms and basic principles in the field of palynology, making it an indispensable tool for all palynologists. It is a revised and extended edition of “Pollen Terminology. An illustrated handbook,” published in 2009. This second edition, titled “Illustrated Pollen Terminology” shares additional insights into new and stunning aspects of palynology. In this context, the general chapters have been critically revised, expanded and restructured. The chapter “Misinterpretations in Palynology” has been extended with new research data and additional ambiguous terms, e.g., polyads vs. massulae; the chapter “Methods in Palynology” has been extensively enhanced with illustrated protocols showing the majority of the methods and techniques used when studying recent and fossil pollen with LM, SEM and TEM. Moreover, additional information about the description and publication of pollen data is provided in the chapter “How to Describe and Illustrate Pollen Grains.” Various other parts of the general chapters have now been updated and/or extended with more comprehensive textual passages and new illustrations. The chapter “Illustrated Pollen Terms” now features new and more appropriate examples of each term, including additional LM micrographs. Where necessary, the entries for selected pollen terms have been refined by rewording or adding definitions, illustrations, and new micrographs. Lastly, new terms are included, such as “suprasculpture” and the prefix “nano-“ for ornamentation features.
The chapter “Illustrated Pollen Terms” is the main part of this book and comprises more than 300 widely used terms illustrated with over 1,000 high-quality images. It provides a detailed survey of the manifold ornamentation and structures of pollen, and offers essential insights into their stunning beauty.
Springer link:
http://www.springer.com/de/book/9783319713649
In biogeography, spatial comparisons provide a quantitative assessment of the overlap between taxic distributions and areas. This information is used to describe taxonomic geographic distributions employed in further analyses. Spatial comparisons were traditionally made by visually comparing points of geographic occurrence against a map of areas, such as provinces or regions. A more precise way to conduct this task is using Geospatial Information Systems (GIS). To improve the quality of future analyses, we aimed at providing a vector file of the biogeographical regionalisation by converting the published map into a polygon shapefile.
A biogeographic regionalisation of the Neotropical region is proposed as a hierarchical classification of sub-regions, dominions, provinces and districts. This regionalisation is based on biogeographic analyses of terrestrial plant and animal taxa, and seeks to provide universality, objectivity and stability, such that it can be applied when describing distributional
areas of particular taxa or comparing different biogeographic analyses. The Neotropical region is currently comprised of three sub-regions (Antillean, Brazilian and Chacoan), two transition zones (Mexican and South American), seven dominions (Mesoamerican, Pacific, Boreal Brazilian, Southwestern Amazonian, Southeastern Amazonian, Chacoan and Parana)
and 53 provinces. For some of the latter, sub-provinces and districts are recognized. Complete synonymies and brief descriptions of the areas are provided, as well as the endemic taxa that diagnose the different provinces.
Phylogenetic analysis of Bromeliaceae with focus on subfamily Bromelioideae was performed based on matK, trnL intron and trnL-trnF intergenic spacer sequence data. A total of 40 genera and 81 species of Bromeliaceae was studied, the majority of them (29 genera/ 58 species) belonging to subfamily Bromelioideae. Brocchinia and Hechtia species were used as outgroup in the analyses. Representatives of the genus Puya are sister to the Bromelioideae, the latter being monophyletic. Among Bromelioideae, Greigia is putative sister to the remainder of the subfamily. The latter displays an unresolved trichotomy with branches formed by (a) Bromelia, (b) Ochagavia, Fascicularia and Deinacanthon, and (c) the remaining Bromelioideae.
The evolution and distribution of Bromelioideae is discussed in the light of geographical distribution and occurrence of C3 photosynthesis and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM). Our data indicate that early Bromelioideae had an Andean distribution, and were terrestrials with C3 photosynthesis, lacking water-impounding phytotelmata. The genus Greigia forms a basal clade among the subfamily. Molecular data support the hypothesis that colonisation of the Atlantic Forest of southeastern South America by early representatives of Bromelioideae originated from the southern Andes. The poorly resolved “core Bromelioideae” are divided into two weakly supported clades, one comprising species restricted to southeastern Brazil, the other species of different distribution types.
For the first time a molecular phylogeny based on five plastid markers is presented for subfamily Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae). The species set includes 40 genera / 81 species of Bromeliaceae representing all subfamilies: Bromehoideae (29 genera / 58 species), Tillandsioideae (6 genera / 8 species) and Pitcairnioideae s.l. (5 genera / 14 species). Basal clades among the Bromehoideae are identified, nevertheless the "Core Bromelioids" comprising the majority of the species display low resolution. The phylogeny obtained makes evident, that the generic concept for Aechmea Ruiz & Pav. and its allied taxa does not describe monophyletic groups. The same holds true for several subgenera of Aechmea. The phylogeny allows the assessment ofthe systematic value of two characters that have been regarded as systematic valuable for generic delimitation in the (sub)family, 1) the petal appendages and 2) the pollen morphology. Basal Bromehoideae are characterized by sulcate pollen, while the more derived Bromehoideae display three different pollen types and several transitions between the character states.
A summary of Mexican Bromeliaceae diversity and distribution is presented along with a checklist of species. The checklist includes information on type specimens, synonymy, distribution by state and municipality, and notes on endemism. Two new combination/status changes are made in Tillandsia (T. arroyoensis, T. glabrior). RESUMEN. Se presenta una sinopsis de la diversidad y distribución de las Bromeliaceae Mexicanas, junto con un listado de referencia que incluye información sobre especímenes tipo, sinonimia, distribución por estado y municipio, asi como datos sobre endemismo. Se hacen dos nuevas combinaciones/cambios de status en Tillandsia (T. arroyoensis, T. glabrior).
A reconstruction of the phylogeny of Bromeliaceae based on sequence data from three noncoding chloroplast DNA markers (trnL intron, trnT–trnL, and trnT–trnF intergenic spacer [IGS]) is presented, including 26 genera and 33 species. Relationships of Bromelioideae and phylogeny within this sub-family were analyzed in more detail on the basis of two of these markers (trnL intron and trnL–trnF IGS) using a set of 37 genera/74 species of Bromeliaceae, including 28 genera/60 species of Bro-melioideae. Sister group relationships of Bromelioideae were not resolved with sufficient reliability, but the most likely candidates are the genera Fosterella and Puya. The basal phylogeny of Brome-lioideae also was not resolved. Greigia, Ochagavia/Fascicularia/Fernseea, Deinacanthon, Bromelia, and a ''core group'' of the remaining Bromelioideae formed a basal polytomy. Within Bromelioideae, the AFLP technique was applied to assess relationships among selected groups of genera. In the Ochagavia/Fascicularia group (5 species and subspecies/16 accessions), AFLP data fully confirmed the systematic relationships based on morphological and anatomical characters. Investigation of 30 Aechmea species (33 accessions), including all subgenera and one species each from the related genera Ursulaea, Portea, Chevaliera, and Streptocalyx produced no resolution for several of the species. Clades that received good bootstrap support generally did not correspond with the delimitation of subgenera of Aechmea. Additionally, leaf blade anatomy of these species was investigated. The results corresponded partly with those of the AFLP analysis. Generic rank for Ursulaea and Portea was not supported.
GeoCAT is an open source, browser based tool that performs rapid geospatial analysis to ease the process of Red Listing taxa. Developed to utilise spatially referenced primary occurrence data, the analysis focuses on two aspects of the geographic range of a taxon: the extent of occurrence (EOO) and the area of occupancy (AOO). These metrics form part of the IUCN Red List categories and criteria and have often proved challenging to obtain in an accurate, consistent and repeatable way. Within a familiar Google Maps environment, GeoCAT users can quickly and easily combine data from multiple sources such as GBIF, Flickr and Scratchpads as well as user generated occurrence data. Analysis is done with the click of a button and is visualised instantly, providing an indication of the Red List threat rating, subject to meeting the full requirements of the criteria. Outputs including the results, data and parameters used for analysis are stored in a GeoCAT file that can be easily reloaded or shared with collaborators. GeoCAT is a first step toward automating the data handling process of Red List assessing and provides a valuable hub from which further developments and enhancements can be spawned.
We developed a phylogeny of the core Bromelioideae including Aechmea and related genera, with the specific goals of investigating the monophyly of Aechmea and its allied genera, redefining monophyletic lineages for taxonomic revision, and investigating the biogeographic history of the group. Chloroplast, nuclear ribosomal, and low copy nuclear DNA sequences from 150 species within the Bromelioideae were used to develop the phylogeny. Phylogenies constructed with the combined four gene dataset provided sufficient resolution for investigating evolutionary relationships among species. Many genera are nested within Aechmea, or are rendered para- or polyphyletic by inclusion of Aechmea species. Several genera and subgenera of Aechmea with species in disjunct geographic locations are found to be polyphyletic, divided into separate clades that reflect geographic distribution rather than morphological similarity. This suggests that certain morphological characteristics thought to be indicative of common ancestry have instead evolved multiple times in parallel (i.e. ecological conservatism), possibly indicative of local adaptations to an epiphytic habit across the range of the Bromelioideae. These apparently homoplastic morphological characters used to assign species to genera or subgenera may be useful taxonomically when geography is also taken into account.
The current knowledge of the bromeliad flora of the state of Oaxaca, Mexico is presented. Oaxaca is the Mexican state with the largest number of bromeliad species. Based on the study of 2,624 herbarium specimens corresponding to 1,643 collections, and a detailed bibliographic revision, we conclude that the currently known bromeliad flora for Oaxaca comprises 172 species and 15 genera. All Mexican species of the genera Bromelia, Fosterella, Greigia, Hohenbergiopsis, Racinaea, and Vriesea are represented in the state. Aechmea nudicaulis, Bromelia hemisphaerica, Catopsis nitida, C. oerstediana, C. wawranea, Pitcairnia schiedeana, P. tuerckheimii, Racinaea adscendens, Tillandsia balbisiana, T. belloensis, T. brachycaulos, T. compressa, T. dugesii, T. foliosa, T. flavobracteata, T. limbata, T. maritima, T. ortgiesiana, T. paucifolia, T. pseudobaileyi, T. rettigiana, T. utriculata, T. x marceloi, Werauhia pycnantha, and W. nutans are recorded for the first time from Oaxaca. Collections from 226 (of 570) municipalities and all 30 districts of the state were studied. Among the vegetation types occurring in Oaxaca, oak forest is the richest with 83 taxa, followed by tropical deciduous forest with 74, and cloud forest with 73 species. Species representation and distribution in Oaxaca are analyzed in detail. We also provide a comparison with bromeliad floras of the states of Chiapas, Guerrero, Puebla and Veracruz. The analysis of the species and collections by altitudinal intervals shows that the highest numbers of both ocurre between 1,500 and 2,000 m, with the number of species markedly decreasing above 2,500 m. Se presenta el estado actual del conocimiento de la flora bromeliológica del estado de Oaxaca, México. La entidad ocupa el primer lugar en el país en cuanto a número de especies de Bromeliaceae se refiere. Los resultados obtenidos de la revisión de 2,624 ejemplares herborizados, correspondientes a 1,643 colectas, así como la revisión de bibliografía especializada, muestran que en el estado están presentes 172 especies agrupadas en 15 géneros. Bromelia, Fosterella, Greigia, Hohenbergiopsis, Racinaea y Vriesea tienen representados a todos sus taxa mexicanos. Se registran por primera vez para el estado: Aechmea nudicaulis, Bromelia hemisphaerica, Catopsis nitida, C. oerstediana, C. wawranea, Pitcairnia schiedeana, P. tuerckheimii, Racinaea adscendens, Tillandsia balbisiana, T. belloensis, T. brachycaulos, T. compressa, T. dugesii, T. foliosa, T. flavobracteata, T. limbata, T. maritima, T. ortgiesiana, T. paucifolia, T. pseudobaileyi, T. rettigiana, T. utriculata, T. x marceloi, Werauhia pycnantha y W. nutans. Se registraron colectas para 226 municipios de los 570 y para el total de los distritos (30) en los que está dividido políticamente el estado. Se hizo una comparación de la flora bromeliológica de Oaxaca con la de Chiapas, Guerrero, Puebla y Veracruz. De los tipos de vegetación presentes, el Bosque de Quercus es el que presenta mayor riqueza de taxa (83), seguido por el Bosque Tropical Caducifolio (74) y el Bosque Mesófilo de Montaña (73). El análisis del número de especies y de colecciones por intervalo altitudinal muestra que las cantidades más altas, tanto de colectas como de especies, se concentran entre los 1,500 y los 2,000 m s.n.m., disminuyendo claramente por arriba de los 2,500 m.
Se presenta el estado actual del conocimiento de la flora bromeliológica del estado
de Oaxaca, México. La entidad ocupa el primer lugar en el país en cuanto a número de
especies de Bromeliaceae se refiere. Los resultados obtenidos de la revisión de 2,624
ejemplares herborizados, correspondientes a 1,643 colectas, así como la revisión de
bibliografía especializada, muestran que en el estado están presentes 172 especies
agrupadas en 15 géneros. Bromelia, Fosterella, Greigia, Hohenbergiopsis, Racinaea
y Vriesea tienen representados a todos sus taxa mexicanos. Se registran por primera
vez para el estado: Aechmea nudicaulis, Bromelia hemisphaerica, Catopsis nitida, C.
oerstediana, C. wawranea, Pitcairnia schiedeana, P. tuerckheimii, Racinaea adscendens,
Tillandsia balbisiana, T. belloensis, T. brachycaulos, T. compressa, T. dugesii, T. foliosa,
T. flavobracteata, T. limbata, T. maritima, T. ortgiesiana, T. paucifolia, T. pseudobaileyi,
T. rettigiana, T. utriculata, T. x marceloi, Werauhia pycnantha y W. nutans. Se registraron
colectas para 226 municipios de los 570 y para el total de los distritos (30) en los que
está dividido políticamente el estado. Se hizo una comparación de la flora bromeliológica
de Oaxaca con la de Chiapas, Guerrero, Puebla y Veracruz. De los tipos de vegetación
presentes, el Bosque de Quercus es el que presenta mayor riqueza de taxa (83), seguido por
el Bosque Tropical Caducifolio (74) y el Bosque Mesófilo de Montaña (73). El análisis del
número de especies y de colecciones por intervalo altitudinal muestra que las cantidades
más altas, tanto de colectas como de especies, se concentran entre los 1,500 y los 2,000 m
s.n.m., disminuyendo claramente por arriba de los 2,500 m.
The authors provide a new circumscription for genera of the “Cryptanthoid complex” of Bromeliaceae subfam. Bromelioideae, originally composed of Cryptanthus, Lapanthus, Orthophytum, and Sincoraea, on the basis of new or reevaluated ecological, geographical and morphological evidence, as well as molecular phylogenies. A new generic status is proposed for Cryptanthus subg. Hoplocryptanthus and two new genera, Forzzaea, and Rokautskyia, as well as four new subgenera in Orthophytum (Capixabanthus, Clavanthus, Krenakanthus, and Orthocryptanthus) are described to render taxonomic units monophyletic. The recognized taxa are well circumscribed by the combination of geographical range, ecology and morphological characters (sex distribution, leaf succulence, sepal and petal size and connation, petal appendages, pollen and stigma morphology, fruit size, calyx persistency, seed size and number per fruit). Field collected living specimens of 78 of the 81 species of Cryptanthus s.l., all species of Lapanthus, 58 of the 59 species of Orthophytum, and all species of Sincoraea were analysed in habitat and/or in cultivation, allowing the documentation and illustration of new and underutilized characters. The molecular analysis incorporated 91 accessions representing 33 species of Cryptanthus, all species (3) of Lapanthus, 42 species of Orthophytum, and 9 species of Sincoraea, including the type species for the first three genera and four outgroup taxa. The results suggest, that some morphological characters generally considered homoplasious for Bromelioideae, for the “Cryptanthoid complex”, are not homoplasious at least within the obtained, biogeographycally well delimited clades and their taxonomical utility is redeemed.
The current knowledge of the Bromeliad Flora of the state of Chiapas, Mexico, is presented. Based on the study of 5,495
herbarium specimens corresponding to 3,233 collections, and in a detailed bibliographic revision, we conclude that the
currently known Bromeliad Flora of Chiapas comprises 133 species and 14 genera. With 21 endemic taxa, corresponding
to the genera Hechtia (1 sp.), Pitcairnia (7 spp.), and Tillandsia (13 spp.), Chiapas occupies the second place in
endemism after Oaxaca. The catalog of the species, as well as generic and specific identification keys, and distribution
maps of all taxa are included.
The tank-epiphytic clade of berry-fruited bromeliads, also known as the Core Bromelioideae, represents a remarkable event of adaptive radiation within the Bromeliaceae; however, the details of this radiation have been difficult to study because this lineage is plagued with generic delimitation problems. In this study, we used a phylogenetic approach to investigate a well supported, albeit poorly understood, lineage nested within the Core Bromelioideae, here called the "Ronnbergia Alliance." In order to assess the monophyly and phylogenetic relationships of this group, we used three plastid and three nuclear DNA sequence markers combined with a broad sampling across three taxonomic groups and allied species of Aechmea expected to comprise the Ronnbergia Alliance. We combined the datasets to produce a well-supported and resolved phylogenetic hypothesis. Our main results indicated that the Ronnbergia Alliance was a well-supported monophyletic group, sister to the remaining Core Bromelioideae, and it was composed by species of the polyphyletic genera Aechmea, Hohenbergia and Ronnbergia. We identified two major internal lineages with high geographic structure within the Ronnbergia Alliance. The first of these lineages, called the Pacific Clade, contained species of Aechmea and Ronnbergia that occur exclusively from southern Central America to northwestern South America. The second clade, called the Atlantic Clade, contained species of Aechmea, Hohenbergia and Ronnbergia mostly limited to the Atlantic Forest and the Caribbean. We also explored the diagnostic and evolutionary importance of 13 selected characters using ancestral character reconstructions on the phylogenetic hypothesis. We found that the combination of tubular corollas apically spreading and unappendaged ovules had diagnostic value for the Ronnbergia Alliance, whereas flower size, length of the corolla tube, and petal pigmentation and apex were important characters to differentiate the Pacific and Atlantic clades. This study opens new perspectives for future taxonomic reorganizations and provides a framework for evolutionary and biogeographic studies.
Phylogenetic relationships within subfamily Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae, Poales) were inferred using DNA sequence data from the low-copy nuclear gene phosphoribulokinase (PRK) and five plastid loci (matK gene, 3'trnK intron, trnL intron, trnL-trnF spacer, atpB-rbcL spacer). The PRK dataset exhibited a considerably higher proportion of potentially informative characters than the plastid dataset (16.9% vs. 3.1%), leading to a higher resolution and improved nodal support of the resulting phylogenies. Bromelia is resolved as sister to the remainder of the subfamily, albeit this relationship receives only weak nodal support. The basal position of Bromelia, as well as Deinacanthon, Greigia, Ochagavia, Fascicularia and Fernseea within the subfamily is corroborated and the remainder of the subfamily forms a highly supported clade (the eu-bromelioids). By the inclusion of nuclear data the sister group position of Fernseea to the eu-bromelioids is now highly supported. Within the eu-bromelioids the resolution of the clade representing the more advanced core bromelioids has increased and further demonstrates the highly problematic generic concept of Aechmea as well as Quesnelia. Moreover, the data were used to examine the evolution of sepal symmetry and the tank habit. Tracing of character transitions onto the molecular phylogeny implies that both characters have undergone only few transitions within the subfamily and thus are not as homoplasious as previously assumed. The character state reconstruction reveals the great importance of the evolution of the tank habit for the diversification of the core bromelioids.
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