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Upcoming applications driving the design of next-generation metro area networks: dealing with 5G backhaul/fronthaul and edge-cloud computing
... On the other hand, projects for the implementation of new edge nodes with capacity for computing, processing, and data storage [25], fog computing in many levels, as well micro data centers (mDC) [24], [26] and edge-data center [27], have caused changes in the physical infrastructure of the network. As these content delivery centers will be increasingly distributed throughout the metro network, although it is possible to take advantage of the equipment already installed [28], it is not feasible only to scale the physical resources in operation to meet the new demands [29]. ...
... Circuit switching predominates in the optical layer, in which an end-to-end optical path or circuit is established completely by reserving a portion of the optical spectrum bandwidth. Data in the form of pulses of light are sent through this circuit [21], [25], [43]. The object of study of this work are the optical metropolitan networks, and therefore, the discussions that follow will be concentrated in this network domain. ...
... SBVTs allow multiple optical streams to be sent to different destinations, including simultaneously, with pre-selected signal through various transmission parameters, such as modulation format, encoding, and transmission range [61]. The metropolitan network architecture presented in [25], appropriate to support 5G mobile services, it provides for the implantation of SBVTs in its infrastructure to allow dynamic configuration of optical paths, to provide low latency services, and dynamic restoration. An SBVT device has been developed through the PASSION project [30] with a capacity of up to 8 T b/s of transmission, based on VCSEL technology (vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser) to aggregate all the data volume expected for the future of MAN (edge, 5G, HD-TV). ...
Metropolitan optical networks are undergoing major transformations to continue being able to provide services that meet the requirements of the applications of the future. The arrival of the $5G$ will expand the possibilities for offering IoT applications, autonomous vehicles, and smart cities services while imposing strong pressure on the physical infrastructure currently implemented, as well as on static traffic engineering techniques that do not respond in an agile way to the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of the upcoming traffic patterns. In order to guarantee the strictest quality of service and quality of experience requirements for users, as well as meeting the providers' objectives of maintaining an acceptable trade-off between cost and performance, new architectures for metropolitan optical networks have been proposed in the literature, with a growing interest starting from $2017$. However, due to the proliferation of a dozen of new architectures in recent years, many questions need to be investigated regarding the planning, implementation, and management of these architectures, before they could be considered for practical application. This work presents a comprehensive survey of the new proposed architectures for metropolitan optical networks. Firstly, the main data transmission systems, equipment involved, and the structural organization of the new metro ecosystems are discussed. The already established and the novel architectures are presented, highlighting its characteristics and application, and comparative analysis among these architectures is carried out identifying the future technological trends. Finally, outstanding research questions are drawn to help direct future research on the field.
Metropolitan optical networks are undergoing significant transformations to continue being able to provide services that meet the requirements of the applications of the future. The current deployment of the 5G networks and the envisioned 6G cyber–physical systems would expand the possibilities for offering IoT applications, autonomous vehicles, and smart city services while imposing strong pressure on the physical infrastructure. In order to guarantee the strictest quality of service and quality of experience requirements for users, new architectures have been proposed in the literature for metropolitan optical networks, with a growing interest in the last five years. However, due to the proliferation of a dozen new architectures in the last years, many questions need to be investigated regarding the planning, implementation, and management of these architectures, before they could be considered for practical application. This work presents a comprehensive survey of the new proposed single-layer (purely optical) architectures for metropolitan optical networks. First, we discuss the structural organization of the new metro ecosystems. Second, the already established and novel architectures are presented, highlighting their characteristics and application. Third, we carry out a comparative analysis of these architectures to identify future technological trends. Finally, we have drawn outstanding research questions to help direct future research in the field.
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