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Comparative evaluation of anti-arthritic activity of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre seeds and Bryophyllum pinnata (L.) leaves: In-vitro study
... The flavonoid also inhibited COX-1 (IC 50 = 22.1 µg/mL) and COX-2 (IC 50 > 50 µg/ml) activities 117 . Blockage PDE4B enzyme was recently reported as an anti-inflammatory mechanism of B. pinnatum constituents 118 while the antiarthritic activity has been confirmed 119 . These findings generally support the traditional use of the plant, both externally and internally, in managing pain and inflammatory ailments such as headaches, migraines, general body pain, joint pains, and broken bones 3,4,8, 12,49 . ...
Bryophyllum pinnatum is a well-known medicinal plant that has been used in many traditional systems of medicines. This includes treating fever, smallpox, otitis, cough, asthma, headache, convulsion, and general debility. The various secondary metabolites identified from B. pinnatum include steroids, flavonoids, terpenoids, fatty acid, bufadienolides, protein and peptides, vitamins, polysaccharide, and others. Numerous studies have also shown that extracts and purified compounds from B. pinnatum exert a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects in vivo and in vitro. These include antimicrobial, anti-ulcer, antihypertensive, antileishmanial, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and immunomodulatory effects. This present paper presents a comprehensive review of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological studies on B. pinnatum over a period of thirty years with the aim of providing ready information that may trigger further research into the possible beneficial application of the plant. The review also includes some insight into the clinical uses and potential of B. pinnatum.
This study was carried out to determine the effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract on Prostrate specific antigen, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), levels of albino rats. Thirty-five albino rats were randomly divided into five groups with seven rats in each group (n=7); Control (C) received normal feed only. Group 1 was administered with Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract 100 mg/kg, Group 2: Bryophyllum pinnatum extract 150 mg/kg, and Group 3 received Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract 200 mg/kg. Group 4: received Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract 250 mg/kg. This lasted for 28 days. Group 3 and 4 showed significantly decreased PSA (1.08±0.29ng/ml; 1.18±0.32ng/ml) AST (14.19±0.64iu/l, 14.05±0.71iu/l) and ALT (10.12±0.73iu/l, 10.98± 0.98iu/l) when compared with the control (PSA 2.08±0.29ng/ml, AST 16.41±0.93, ALT 13.77±0.51) respectively at p < 0.05. Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract has a hepatoprotective and prostrate protective effect.
Clerodendron inerme belongs to the family Verbenaceae found in southern region of India, which is used in the treatment of Veneral diseases, Rheumatism, Elephantiasis and Intermittent fever. The qualitative phyto-chemical screening showed the presence of alkaloid, steroids, phenols, flavanoids, tannins, carbohydrates, fixed oils and volatile oils. The Petroleum ether, Chlorofrom, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol and water fractions of the leaves of Clerodendron inerme were subjected to In vitro Anti-inflammatory activity by HRBC membrane stabilization method in various concentration i.e. 10,50,100,200,400,800,1000μg/ml. All the extracts showed positive response as compared to standard Diclofenac sodium. The Ethyl acetate and Ethanol extracts showed maximum activity. The order of effect of different extracts were represented as follows Ethyl acetate> Ethanol >Water> Chloroform> Petroleum ether. The Petroleum ether, Chlorofrom, Ethyl acetate, Ethanol and water fractions of the leaves of Clerodendron inerme were subjected to invitro anti-arthritic activity by protein denaturation method. All the extracts showed positive response. The effect was represented as follows Ethyl acetate> Chloroform>Ethanol> Water> Petroleum ether.
Objective: The present study was carried out to compare the anti-arthritic activity of ethanolic extract of seeds of Pongamia pinnata (linn.) pierre (EEPP) and methanolic extract of rind of Punica granatum linn. (MEPG) by in-vitro techniques. Methods: Two in-vitro models i.e. inhibition of protein denaturation and Human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization were selected for the study. Diclofenac sodium was used as a standard drug. Results: The results of both models exhibited that EEPP, MEPG and standard drug (diclofenac sodium) showed concentration dependent inhibition of protein (egg albumin) denaturation as well as stabilization towards HRBC membrane. Conclusion: By comparing the present findings, it can be concluded that MEPG has more potent anti-arthritic activity than EEPP. The activity may be due to the presence of phytocompounds such as flavonoids, steroids etc.
The word herb, as used in herbal medicine, is also known as botanical medicine or as Phytotherapy or Phytomedicine which means a plant or plant part is used to make medicine to assist in the healing process during illness and disease. So there are many herbal remedies individually or in combination have been recommended in various medicinal treatises for the cure of different diseases. It contains various phytoconstituents belonging to alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, fixed oils, and carbohydrates. The roots of Pongamia pinnata are good for cleaning foul ulcers, cleaning teeth, strengthening gums and gonorrhoea. The root paste is used for local application in scrofulous enlargement. The fresh bark of Pongamia pinnata is sweet and mucilaginous to taste, soon become bitter and acrid. It is antihelmintic and useful in beri-beri, ophthalmology, dermatopathy, vaginopathy, and ulcers. Leaves of Pongamia pinnata are digestive, laxative, antihelmintic and are good for diarrhea, leprosy, dyspepsia and cough. Flowers are useful to quench dipsia in diabetes and for alleviating vata and kapha. The seeds are antihelmintic, bitter, acrid, haematinic and carminative. They are useful in inflammation, chronic fevers, anaemia and hemorrhoids. The oil is antihelmintic, styptic and recommended for opthalmia, leprosy, ulcers, herpes and lumbago. Its oil is a source of biodiesel.
The Aristolochia bracteata is well known for its antiarthritis properties in Indian system of medicine and folk medicine. The objective of the present study was to evaluate its folk claim in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and propose a probable mechanism of action. Anti arthritic activity was evaluated using Freund's complete adjuvant in rats, the course of treatment was followed for over and 4 weeks post inoculation period using health parameters, clinical and behavioral methods of study. Estimation of blood Hb, ESR and change in body weight were considered as health parameters and clinical observations included paw edema volume, thermal hyperalgesia, radiological and histomarphological analysis and exploratory behavior was studied in behavioral observations. The results indicates that, regular treatment of adjuvant in-duced arthritic rats with A. bracteata extracts improves ESR, Hb value and also restores body weight. Significant (P<0.01) inhibitory effect was observed with A. bracteata extract on Freund's complete adjuvant induced paw edema throughout the study (P<0.001). The latency to thermal stimuli and inhibitory effect on xylene induced ear edema was significantly (P<0.05) affected by oral treatment of A. bracteata, irrespective of solvent used for extraction. Treatment of FCA induced rats with A. bracteata extracts shown (P<0.05) increase in pain threshold, weight bearing ability, ambulation and also de-cline in scratching, defecation and urination, were observed as a sign of improvement in behavioral condition. The results obtained in this study showed promising effect on FCA modulated health status, clinical observations and behavioral changes.
The methanol extract of Murraya Koenigi leaves (MMK) was evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity using in vivo and in vitro methods. In acute inflammation tests, like carrageenan, histamine and serotonin induced rat paw edema, MMK produced significant inhibition in dose dependent manner. Also significantly reduced castor oil induced diarrhoea and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in mice. In the chronic inflammation experiment, MMK significantly inhibited cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rat. The MMK exhibited significant membrane-stabilizing property when red blood cells (RBC's) were exposed to hypotonic solution. Thermal induced protein denaturation was significantly inhibited by the extract. The significance of difference among the various treated groups and control group were analyzed by means of one-way ANNOVA followed by Dunnett's t-tests. In conclusion, MMK demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity in in vivo and in vitro methods suggesting its putative role in therapeutics.
Arthritis, generally inflammation of joints is a one of the oldest known diseases occurring almost in all age groups. In India, more than about 20% of total population is suffering from arthritis. Many arthritic patients may not have reported to be arthritic as they may not have detected their problem of arthritis due to illiteracy, poverty and unaffordability for medical check ups. Forty-six million Americans report that they have arthritis or other rheumatic conditions. One in 6 people in the US has arthritis. The use of alternative therapies, such as acupuncture and medicinal herbs, is on the rise because of many side effects and toxicities associated with the synthetic drugs. Despite considerable progress in the treatment of arthritis by NSAIDs and other drugs, search for newer drugs continues because the existing synthetic drugs have several limitations. According to reports approximately 60-90% of dissatisfied arthritis patients are likely to seek the option of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). This paper reviews the efficacy of some of valuable herbs like guggul, bhallataka, ginger, ashwagandha etc. that have a history of human use and their anti-inflammatory or anti-arthritic properties have been evaluated preclinically and clinically. Basic scientific research has uncovered the mechanisms by which some plants afford their therapeutic effects. The present literature emphasizes on causes for arthritis, its signs, symptoms, preventive measures as well as its safer options of treatments. Available data suggests that the extracts of most of these herbs or compounds derived from them may provide a safe and effective adjunctive therapeutic approach for the treatment of artritis.
Arthritis, literally meaning "inflammation of the joint," encompasses over 100 rheumatic diagnoses, with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis being the most prevalent. Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic autoimmune disease with chronic inflammation characterized by hyperplasia of synovial cells and angiogenesis in affected joints, which ultimately leads to the destruction of cartilage and bone. Plants have been used since prehistoric times for treatment of various ailments. The uses of traditional medicines are widely spread and plants represent a large source of natural chemicals that might serve as leads for the development of the novel drugs. In this review, an attempt has been made to highlight the work on medicinal plants having anti-arthritic potential. This review may be helpful for the researchers for further research on the potential use of medicinal plants having antiarthritic property.
Introduction: Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is an important medicinal plant in Indian traditional system of medicine and traditionally has been used for several medicinal purposes in India. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of hydroalcoholic extract of ashwagandha against denaturation of protein in vitro. Methods: The test extract at different concentrations was incubated with egg albumin in controlled experimental conditions and subjected to determination of absorbance and viscosity to assess the anti-inflammatory property. Diclofenac sodium was used as the reference drug. Results: The present results exhibited a concentration dependent inhibition of protein (albumin) denaturation by the ashwagandha extract. The effect of diclofenac sodium was found to be less when compared with the test extract. Conclusion: Form the present findings it can be concluded that ashwagandha possessed marked anti-inflammatory effect against denaturation of protein in vitro. The effect was plausibly due to the alkaloid and withanolide contents of ashwagandha.
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