A decline in oil rates consolidated - Monitoring and assessment of the proportion of oiled Common Guillemots in The Netherlands winter 2018/19

Abstract

This is the annual update for OSPAR of the beached bird survey (BBS) results in The Netherlands winter 2018/19. The Dutch BBS provides data for OSPAR area’s 8, 9 and 10, but data from Belgian and German colleagues will have to be merged to arrive at the final values for these areas. For the Dutch North Sea region, significant declines in oil rates were reported over a 60 year study period, but most notably in recent decades (~2005 to present). In recent seasons, consistently low oil rates are found in all species, and this includes the target species Common Guillemot Uria aalge, even though some hic-ups occurred in some species mostly as a result of small sample size.
In winter 2018/19, a seabird wreck occurred, mostly affecting Common Guillemots, and the proportion of oiled individuals was very low indeed. A small oil slick was seen and monitored in the March-April period off Texel, but the number of casualties remained very low. Numbers of Northern Gannets washing ashore were rather large in the last seasons, but oil did not play a role in this mortality. For coastal birds, oil pollution is history; oil rates are consistently around zero percent for a considerable series of years.
The sample size for Common Guillemots was larger than in most recent years and sufficient for OSPAR subregions covered in this study bordering the North Sea, just a bit too small for the interior Wadden Sea. The oil-rate (percentage of oiled Common Guillemots of all complete Common Guillemots found dead) reached a very low value of only 5.3% (n=433) for the North Sea coast of OSPAR areas 8 and 9 combined. This current figure, despite the large number of carcasses reported, is the second lowest value ever measured within The Netherlands and it consolidates the sharp drop in oil-rates that occurred after 2015. The five-year running mean in (Dutch) national Common Guillemot oil rates (over 2014/15-2018/19) arrived at 10.9 ± 12.1% (OSPAR 8-9) which is a further confirmation of a rapid decline. The results obtained over the last decade(s) suggest a continuation of low oil rates in Common Guillemots in Dutch waters. The OSPAR target of 20% over periods of at least 5 years for 2020 has evidently been exceeded and that for 2030 (now ~11%) has nearly been reached.

Full text

A decline in oil rates consolidated
Monitoring and assessment of the proportion of oiled Common
Guillemots in The Netherlands
winter 2018/19
C.J. Camphuysen 2019
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ) and the Dutch Seabird Group (NZG/NSO)

Commissioners contact details:
Ministry of Infrastructure and the Environment (I&M),
P.O. Box 5023 | 2600 GA | Delft, The Netherlands.
Contact: Mervyn Roos, RWS-CIV mervyn.roos@rws.nl
RWS Centrale Informatievoorziening BM 19.29
Author's contact details:
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research and the Dutch Seabird Group,
P.O. Box 59 | 1790 AB | Den Burg, Texel, The Netherlands.
Contact: Dr Kees (C.J.) Camphuysen, senior researcher, E-mail kees.camphuysen@nioz.nl
+31 222 369488
Citation:
Camphuysen C.J. (2019). A decline in oil rates consolidated: Monitoring and assessment of the
proportion of oiled Common Guillemots in The Netherlands: winter 2018/19. NIOZ Report,
RWS Centrale Informatievoorziening BM 19.29, Dec 2019. Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea
Research, Texel.
Front cover: Great Black-backed Gull as a scavenger feeding on a wrecked Common Guillemot on Terschelling in February
2019 (photo courtesy Jacob J. de Vries). Scavengers tend to destruct the evidence needed to assess oil rates and only
sufficiently intact carcasses were used to estimate the proportion of stranded birds that is contaminated with oil

Summary - This is the annual update for OSPAR of the beached bird survey (BBS) results in The
Netherlands winter 2018/19. The Dutch BBS provides data for OSPAR area’s 8, 9 and 10, but data from
Belgian and German colleagues will have to be merged to arrive at the final values for these areas. For
the Dutch North Sea region, significant declines in oil rates were reported over a 60 year study period,
but most notably in recent decades (~2005 to present). In recent seasons, consistently low oil rates are
found in all species, and this includes the target species Common Guillemot Uria aalge, even though
some hic-ups occurred in some species mostly as a result of small sample size.
In winter 2018/19, a seabird wreck occurred, mostly affecting Common Guillemots, and the
proportion of oiled individuals was very low indeed. A small oil slick was seen and monitored in the
March-April period off Texel, but the number of casualties remained very low. Numbers of Northern
Gannets washing ashore were rather large in the last seasons, but oil did not play a role in this mortality.
For coastal birds, oil pollution is history; oil rates are consistently around zero percent for a considerable
series of years.
The sample size for Common Guillemots was larger than in most recent years and sufficient for
OSPAR subregions covered in this study bordering the North Sea, just a bit too small for the interior
Wadden Sea. The oil-rate (percentage of oiled Common Guillemots of all complete Common Guillemots
found dead) reached a very low value of only 5.3% (n=433) for the North Sea coast of OSPAR areas 8
and 9 combined. This current figure, despite the large number of carcasses reported, is the second lowest
value ever measured within The Netherlands and it consolidates the sharp drop in oil-rates that occurred
after 2015. The five-year running mean in (Dutch) national Common Guillemot oil rates (over 2014/15-
2018/19) arrived at 10.9 ± 12.1% (OSPAR 8-9) which is a further confirmation of a rapid decline. The
results obtained over the last decade(s) suggest a continuation of low oil rates in Common Guillemots
in Dutch waters. The OSPAR target of 20% over periods of at least 5 years for 2020 has evidently been
exceeded and that for 2030 (now ~11%) has nearly been reached.
Het afnemend percentage olieslachtoffers geconsolideerd: jaarlijkse
vaststelling van het percentage met olie besmeurde Zeekoeten in Nederland,
winter 2018/19
Samenvatting - Dit is de jaarlijkse weergave voor OSPAR van de resultaten van systematische strandtellingen
langs de Nederlandse kust, met een verslag over het seizoen 2018/19. Middels deze tellingen verzorgt Nederland
haar bijdragen voor de OSPAR deelgebieden 8, 9, en 10. Om een compleet beeld te krijgen voor deze
deelgebieden zullen Belgische en Duitse gegevens moeten worden toegevoegd en gecombineerd. In deze
rapportage worden alleen de Nederlandse gegevens besproken. Voor de Nederlandse Noordzeekust kon de
lange termijn afname in oliebevuilingspercentages bij de Zeekoeten worden bevestigd en alle laatste seizoenen
hebben bijzonder lage waarden laten zien. Over 2018/19 werd langs de Noordzeekust een niveau van slechts
5.3% olieslachtoffers gevonden (n= 433). Het meerjarig gemiddelde is inmiddels op een niveau van 11% beland,
waarmee de doelstellingen van OSPAR voor 2020 overschreden en die voor 2030 bijna bereikt zijn.

Introduction
The Marine Strategy Framework Directive now demands an indicator for oil pollution, in order
to evaluate the effectiveness of measures to reduce chronic oil pollution (Commission Decision
of 2010, Chapter 8.2, Effects of contaminants, EU 2010). The usefulness of beached bird
surveys to monitor levels of chronic marine oil pollution had been demonstrated in the late
1990s (Camphuysen & Heubeck 2001), but the information need for the monitoring and
assessment of oil fouling of seabirds was established much later, and first in OSPAR in the
form of an Ecological Quality Objective (EcoQO). In the legal Dutch Kader Richtlijn Marien
document (page 78; “Vervuilende stoffen”; Anon. 2012), the EcoQO indicator is explicitly
implemented. In the EcoQOs for the North Sea, “the Proportion of oiled Common Guillemots
among those found dead or dying on beaches” was subsequently listed Under Issue 4 (Seabirds),
EcoQO element (f). The “Oiled Guillemot EcoQO”, as agreed by the 5th North Sea Conference,
was defined as: “The proportion of such birds should be 10% or less of the total found dead or
dying, in all areas of the North Sea” (Anon. 2002), later refined to target mean proportions of
20% in 2020 and 10% in 2030 over periods of at least 5 years (Anon. 2012).
This is the annual update for The Netherlands for winter 2018/19. The emphasis of this
study is on Common Guillemots, as usually and as required, but the same details are provided
for also several other pelagic species (the Northern Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis, the Northern
Gannet Morus bassanus, the Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla and the Razorbill Alca
torda) and three coastal species the Common Eider Somateria mollissima, the Herring Gull
Larus argentatus, and the Great Black-backed Gull Larus marinus). The first group is meant to
evaluate trends in chronic oil pollution at greater distances from the nearest coast, the second
group would reflect the occurrence of nearshore oil pollution. Densities span the entire 60 years
period (winter 1959/60 – winter 2019/20), whereas the analysis of oil rates spans a period of 42
years (winter 1977/78 to 2019/20).
Oil-rates (% oiled) of Common Guillemots are provided for the Dutch contributions to OSPAR
areas 8, 9, and 10, and for the Dutch North Sea coast as a whole (areas 8 and 9 combined). Raw
data are provided in Appendices, also for the more characteristic and commoner species of
seabirds found in 2018/19 and included in this report. Given the nature of the underlying
database (historical data can be merged with earlier published material whenever they emerge
to enlarge earlier sample sizes), the exact values may deviate slightly from earlier publications.

Observer effort
In winter 2018/19, beached bird survey reports were received from A de Groot (3), Ad van den
Berge (3), Addy Glas (1), Adriaan Dijksen (1), Adriaan Vos (1), Adriana Faber (2), Agnès
Bimmel- Korstanje (1), Alie van Nijendaal-Postma (1), Alma de Groot (5), Alwin van Lubeck
(1), Anko Fokkens (1), Anne Schoteldraaijer (1), Anne Schumacher (1), Annelies Marijnis (1),
Arie Twigt (2), Arien Slagt (1), Arjan de Jong (1), Arnoud Heikens (2), Aron Sinke (1), Arthur
Van Roey (2), Axel Garritsen (1), B.J.H.M. Possen (1), Bart Vastenhouw (2), Ben Kruijsen (1),
Bernard Lucas (1), Bernd-Jan Bulsink (1), Boris Buecher (1), Carl Zuhorn (16), Casper
Zuyderduyn (1), Chris Tiesinga (1), Christophe Reijman (2), CJ Camphuysen (7), Cock Dekker
(1), Coen van Nieuwamerongen (1), Conny & Peter Das (2), D Veenendaal (13), D Vlugt (1),
Daphne van Voorst (1), Dennis Dooper (1), Dht Gul (via MF Leopold) (1), Dick Hoek (1), Dick
Slaa (1), Dook Vlugt (1), Edwin De Weerd (6), Erik de Waard (1), Erik van Dijk (1), Ernst-Jan
van Haaften (1), F Arts (2), F Arts & Carlien Nijdam (1), F Janssens (3), Ferry van Jaarsveld
(2), Fokke van der Weij (2), Frank Bloklander (1), Frans Lokker (1), Frans Nillesen (1), Fred
Visscher (1), Freddy Van Damme (1), Geert Van den Heuvel (1), Ger Meesters (1), Gerard
Westerhuis (4), Gerben Mensink (2), Gerben Mensink & Marnix Jonker (1), Gerben Oosterhuis
(1), Germen Lont (3), Gerrie Hesp (1), Griet Nijs (1), Guus Lange (2), Han Goudappel (1),
Hanna Haring (1), Hanno Steenbergen (1), Hans Sanders (1), Hans Semeins (1), Hans van
Kersbergen (1), Hans van Oosterhout (2), Harm Jan Kiewiet (1), Harry K (1), Hennie Stienstra
(1), Henri Bouwmeester (3), Herman Marinus (1), Hogeland Terschelling (1), Huub Verbeek
(1), Isabelle Bossuyt (1), Ivan Leroy (1), J de Vries (1), J Krol (2), J Stuart plus Jeugdvogelclub
(1), J ten Horn (4), J.van Dillen-Staal (2), JA van Franeker (7), Jaap Faber (1), Jaco Walhout
(1), Jacob de Vries (5), Jacos Jes (2), Jan Bert Kanon (1), Jan Bos (2), Jan Koreneef (1), Jan
Lok (1), Jeroen van der Zwan (1), Jeroen Veeken (1), Joaquim Pontes (1), Joey Braat (1), johan
beek (1), Johan Bos (3), Johan E (1), Johan van der Vegt (1), Jonas Bergmans (1), Jonne
Veldboom (1), Joop van Eerbeek (1), Joop Verkamman (1), J ten Horn S Ersoy LdeMonte
ADekinga (1), Karel Boey (1), Karin van den Berg (1), Kees Kraaijeveld (1), Klaas Ophoff (1),
Klaas Schepers (1), Koert Scholten (1), L Roozen (1), L vd Graaff (2), Larissa Bakker (1), Lenn
van de Zande (1), Leon Kelder (7), Lieke Peper (1), Liesbeth Missel (1), Louis H. Zandbergen
(5), Louis Schramme (2), Luc De Backer (1), Luc Elshout (1), Luca Giussani (1), Lucette
Robertson-Proot (5), Luuk de Haan (1), M Klootwijk (1), M Klootwijk M Aspeslagh (1), M
Smit Ecomare (2), Maarten Sluijter (1), Marc Hofman (1), Marc Nollet (1), Marc van der Kolk
(1), Marcel Klootwijk (1), Marcel Ruijs (1), Marcel van Rooijen (1), Marchel Stienstra (1),
Marco Leloux (1), Marijke Barhorst (1), Marnix Jonker (1), Martijn Bunskoek (1), Matthijs van
Eerden (1), Maurice Knijnsberg (1), Menko Vlaardingerbroek (1), Merijn Maltha (3), MF
Leopold (2), MF Leopold M Baptist (1), M den Boer (1), Michiel Muller (3), Mick Peerdeman
(2), Nel Bekema (4), Niels Eimers (1), Onno Werkman (2), P de Boer (1), Patrick Agterberg
(2), Patrick Snoeken (2), Paul van Eik (1), Peter Esselink (1), Peter Hoppenbrouwers (1), Peter
Keune (1), Peter Rigterink (1), Peter Schaft (1), Peter van Brandwijk (1), Peter van Horssen (3),
Piet Admiraal (1), Piet Gravestein (1), Piet Spoorenberg (2), Pieter Drenth (1), Pieter

Herremans (1), Pieter van Franeker (1), Pim Wolf (1), R.T.Z. NL (Archief J. vd.Hiele) (4),
Remco Wester (5), René van Loo (2), René Vos (2), Renée Lejeune (1), Rik Wever (1), Rinse
van der Vliet (1), Rinus van 't Hof (3), Rob Martens (1), Rob v Dorland (1), Rob Westerduijn
(1), Robbin van Dijk (2), Roel Oost (1), Ruben Cornelisse (1), Rutger Rotscheid (1), Ruud
Costers (1), Ruud van Beusekom (1), S Kühn (3), S Kühn & M van Veelen (1), S Kühn J ten
Horn (3), S van den Berg-Blok T deBoer HBouma (3), S vd Berg-Blok H Bouma T de Boer
(2), Sara Poppelaars (2), Saskia Verberne (1), Shirley O'Brien (3), Siep Luinenburg (1), Sjouke
Scholten (4), Stefan Vogelzang (1), Sven Prins (2), T de Boer (1), T. Buren (2), TAW Schreurs
(5), Ted van der Knaap (1), Theo Kiewiet (2), Theo M Kiewiet (1), Theunis Banga (1), Thijs
Glastra (2), Thomas Ras (1), Thomas van der Es (1), Timothy Drane (1), Tom Damm (1), Tom
Schrier (1), Tom van Spanje (2), Trienke de Haan (1), Valérie Goethals (1), Vasco van der
Boon (3), W. van Gelder (3), Walter Van Spaendonk (1), Ward van Buul (1), Wijndeldt
Boelema (1), Willem Bruul (2), Willie Smeenk (1), Willy Hebbink (1), Wim van Yperen (1),
WMR data wrecksampling (17), WMR data wrecksampling Ecomare (1), Wouter Teunissen
(1), Y Hermes (4), Yvan Cauwenberg (1), and Zeezoogdierenhulp Kop van Goeree (9).
Total observer effort comprised 410 reports of stranded wildlife which reflected
~1065km surveyed between 1 November 2018 and 30 April 2019 (Table 1).
Table 1. Beached surveys (n counts) and overall coverage (km surveyed) in winter (Nov-Apr) over the
last 60 years. The effort in black was used for the analysis of trends in oiling. All effort was used to
assess fluctuations in densities over the entire period.
Winter Counts Km surveyed Winter Counts Km surveyed Winter Counts Km surveyed
1959/60 743 1979/80 88 721 1999/00 350 1979
1960/61 38 452 1980/81 313 2125 2000/01 316 1730
1961/62 17 41 1981/82 287 1968 2001/02 397 1969
1962/63 48 145 1982/83 388 3126 2002/03 370 1869
1963/64 19 92 1983/84 336 2448 2003/04 262 1310
1964/65 728 1984/85 298 1869 2004/05 299 1499
1965/66 28 300 1985/86 287 1833 2005/06 241 1250
1966/67 19 164 1986/87 189 1420 2006/07 270 1109
1967/68 30 322 1987/88 207 1839 2007/08 246 934
1968/69 23 541 1988/89 231 1671 2008/09 204 921
1969/70 60 832 1989/90 237 1506 2009/10 164 776
1970/71 21 510 1990/91 215 1406 2010/11 126 685
1971/72 25 605 1991/92 164 1208 2011/12 310 1030
1972/73 19 465 1992/93 147 1182 2012/13 124 463
1973/74 30 138 1993/94 167 1128 2013/14 164 555
1974/75 49 393 1994/95 130 923 2014/15 150 481
1975/76 35 255 1995/96 138 956 2015/16 169 528
1976/77 20 244 1996/97 121 833 2016/17 301 529
1977/78 49 408 1997/98 141 953 2017/18 312 482
1978/79 93 579 1998/99 318 1795 2018/19 410 1065
637 6555 4402 30910 5185 21164
Counts Km surveyed
Totals 10224 58628

Results
Numbers of pelagic seabirds washing ashore
The Common Guillemot is the indicator species for as far as oil contamination on European beaches is
concerned, but it is always useful to evaluate the results in the context of other species of the open seas:
the pelagic seabirds. The long term fluctuations in densities are shown in Fig. 1, and it can be seen that
the densities in winter 2018/19 were higher than in most other recent years: the result of a wreck of
guillemots that occurred in January 2019 and that lasted until well in February. Oil rates are expectedly
low during wrecks, for most of the mortality is ‘food driven’ (the result of starvation of the birds
involved). The size of the wreck was fairly small, certainly in comparison with numbers washing ashore
in the 1980s and 1990s, when oil pollution was more widespread, but when the decline in oil rates
became visible because the amount of oil on individual carcasses was already declining. Many birds
involved in these wrecks were only slightly contaminated with oil. Nowadays, given low or given large
numbers, the majority of the guillemots washing ashore does not show any oil in the feathers.
Guillemots, Razorbills and Black-legged Kittiwakes share particular resources within the North
Sea ecosystem and can often be seen feeding in the same or in similar habitats, if not even in close
association. Given the numbers of Common Guillemots found, higher-than-average numbers of
Razorbills and kittiwakes would not have been surprising. This was not the case, however. While in the
1980s and during a wreck in 2011/12 these three species often co-occurred, only densities of Common
Guillemots were above average in 2018/19.
More aerial pelagic seabirds, the Northern Fulmar and the Norther Gannet, less prone to oil
contamination simply as a result of their lifestyle, tend to have much lower densities than the three
species mentioned earlier. Numbers of gannets washing ashore tend to be fairly consistent, whereas
densities of Northern Fulmar may fluctuate more widely, sometimes as a result of influxes of birds from
elsewhere (e.g. from Arctic regions) into the North Sea. The famous fulmar-wreck of 1962 is still a
ones-in-a-lifetime event, despite some irruptions in other years. In recent years, numbers of Northern
Gannets washing ashore were rather high, not so much in 2018/19, but seemingly elevated in three to
four subsequent seasons, for reasons that are unknown. Evidently, mineral oil played only a minor role
in this, if any role at all.
Numbers of coastal seabirds washing ashore
For nearshore seabirds, winter 2018/19 was not a particular season in any respect. Overseeing the long-
term fluctuations in recorded densities, particular mortality events were documented in Common Eiders
as well as in the two large gull species. Serious oil-related events all date back to the 1960s, while some
other and more recent mortality events were food- or disease rather than oil related. It should be noted
that an important modern source of information for recent bird strandings (https://waarneming.nl) is a
poor source for strandings data of commoner species such as Herring Gulls and Greater Black-backed
Gulls, so that some strandings may have been overlooked. Yet, there is no evidence for oil-related
mortality in any of the species shown in Fig. 2, let alone other coastal species and the trend of partly
black (i.e. oiled) bars to predominantly pale grey (i.e. unoiled) bars is evident in all species depicted.

Fig. 1. Densities (n km-1) of some pelagic seabirds washing ashore in winter, 1959/60-2018/19 (provisional data
for 2019/20) in The Netherlands
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
1959/60
1960/61
1961/62
1962/63
1963/64
1964/65
1965/66
1966/67
1967/68
1968/69
1969/70
1970/71
1971/72
1972/73
1973/74
1974/75
1975/76
1976/77
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Common G uillemot winter d ensity (n km
-1
), 1960-2020
Oiled Uno iled
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1959/60
1960/61
1961/62
1962/63
1963/64
1964/65
1965/66
1966/67
1967/68
1968/69
1969/70
1970/71
1971/72
1972/73
1973/74
1974/75
1975/76
1976/77
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Razor bill winter density ( n km
-1
), 1960-2020
Oiled Uno iled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
1959/60
1960/61
1961/62
1962/63
1963/64
1964/65
1965/66
1966/67
1967/68
1968/69
1969/70
1970/71
1971/72
1972/73
1973/74
1974/75
1975/76
1976/77
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Northern Fulmar winter density (n km
-1
), 1960-2020
Oiled Uno iled
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1959/60
1960/61
1961/62
1962/63
1963/64
1964/65
1965/66
1966/67
1967/68
1968/69
1969/70
1970/71
1971/72
1972/73
1973/74
1974/75
1975/76
1976/77
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Black-legged Kittiwake winter density (n km
-1
), 1960-2020
Oiled Uno iled
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
1959/60
1960/61
1961/62
1962/63
1963/64
1964/65
1965/66
1966/67
1967/68
1968/69
1969/70
1970/71
1971/72
1972/73
1973/74
1974/75
1975/76
1976/77
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Northern Gannet winter density (n km
-1
), 1960-2020
Oiled Uno iled

Fig. 2. Densities (n km-1) of some nearshore seabirds washing ashore in winter, 1959/60-2018/19 (provisional
data for 2019/20) in The Netherlands.
Oil rates updated
For the analysis, only intact carcasses were selected, since only these were considered fit for
purpose: to assess the fraction of birds washing ashore that was, or was not, contaminated with
mineral oil. The values produced are all tabulated in the Appendix, whereas the proportions and
a long-term running mean and a logit-transformed presentation of the oil rates allowing a linear
regression to examine the trends are shown in this chapter.
A warning beforehand, is that the logit transformation is impossible for any values equal
to 100% or 0% (e.g. all birds oiled, or none of the birds oiled), for a logit transformation would
lead to +∞ or -∞ respectively. In cases where 0% of the birds found were oiled, the outcome
was therefore transformed to logit -2 (e.g. ~1% oiled), as a more reliable and workable
quesstimate of the actual oil rate to be used in the regression analysis. The problem of ‘no oil’
is increasingly common in recent years, now that chronic oil pollution is really pushed back.
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
1959/60
1960/61
1961/62
1962/63
1963/64
1964/65
1965/66
1966/67
1967/68
1968/69
1969/70
1970/71
1971/72
1972/73
1973/74
1974/75
1975/76
1976/77
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Common Eider winter density (n km
-1
), 1960-2020
Oiled Uno iled
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1959/60
1960/61
1961/62
1962/63
1963/64
1964/65
1965/66
1966/67
1967/68
1968/69
1969/70
1970/71
1971/72
1972/73
1973/74
1974/75
1975/76
1976/77
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Herring Gull winter density (n km
-1
), 1960-2020
Oiled Uno iled
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
1959/60
1960/61
1961/62
1962/63
1963/64
1964/65
1965/66
1966/67
1967/68
1968/69
1969/70
1970/71
1971/72
1972/73
1973/74
1974/75
1975/76
1976/77
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
2019/20
Great Black-backed Gull winter density (n km
-1
), 1960-2020
Oiled Uno iled

Fig. 3 Proportions oiled and 5-year running mean in oil rates (top panel) and a significant decline in logit-
transformed oil rates in Common Guillemots, 1977/78-2018/19.
The significant decline in oil rates in Common Guillemots continued, and in winter 2018/19 the
second lowest value (5.3% oiled, n= 433) was reached (Fig. 3). The five-year running mean
(10.9 ± 12.1%) is about what has to be achieved by 2030 according to OSPAR and well
exceeded expectations for 2020.
For the other pelagic seabirds (Fig. 4) highly similar trends and patterns were found,
although the data were slightly more erratic in species such as Northern Gannet, in which the
sample size was often fairly small. Oil rates in recent years were often nihil (0%), something
that never occurred prior to 2008. Oil rates (incl 5-year running means) tend on average to be
lower in the aerial species than in the more sensitive auks, but the difference is small (Table 2).
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Common Guillemot, national oil-rate (%) 1976/77-2018/19
y = -0.0424x + 1.2595
R² = 0.9128
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Common Guillemot, North Sea coast oil rate (OSPAR 8+9), logit transformed
logit oil rate North Sea coast 5-yea r run ning m ean Li near (5- year runni ng mea n)

Fig. 4 Proportions oiled and 5-year running mean in oil rates (top panels) and a significant declines in logit-
transformed oil rates in the four commoner pelagic species: Northern Fulmar, Northern Gannet, Black-legged
Kittiwake, and Razorbill, 1977/78-2018/19.
Table 2 Proportions oiled and 5-year running means (±SD) in pelagic seabirds in 2018/19. () = small sample.
Species Oiled (%) n= Mean
SD
Common Guillemot
5.3
433
10.8
±
12.1
Razorbill
16.7
30
6.5
±
7.2
Northern Fulmar
(10.0)
20
2.0
±
4.5
Northern Gannet
(10.0)
20
5.1
±
7.2
Black-legged Kittiwake
10.7
28
4.3
±
5.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Northern Fulma r, national oil-rate (%) 1976/77-2018/19
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Northern Gannet, national oil-rate (%) 1976/77-2018/19
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Black-legged Kittiw ake, national oil-rate (%) 1976/77-2018/19
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Razorbill, national oil-rate (%) 1976/77-2018/19
y = -0.0614x + 0.9312
R² = 0.8759
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Northern Fulmar, North Sea coast oil rate (OSPAR 8+9), logit transformed
logit oil rate North Sea coast 5-year running mea n Linear (5- year running mean)
y = -0.0523x + 0.7296
R² = 0.6976
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Northern Gannet, North Sea coas t oil rate (OSPAR 8+9), log it trans formed
logit oil rate North Sea coast 5-year running mea n Linear (5- year running mean)
y = -0.0497x + 1.07
R² = 0.8807
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Black-legged Kittiwake, North Sea coast oil rate (OSPAR 8+9), logit transformed
logit oil rate North Sea coast 5-year running mea n Linear (5- year running mean)
y = -0.0677x + 1.6961
R² = 0.8884
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Razorbill, North Sea coast oil rate (OSPAR 8+9), logit transformed
logit oil rate North Sea coast 5-year running mea n Linear (5- year running mean)

Fig. 5 Proportions oiled and 5-year running mean in oil rates (left panels) and declines in logit-transformed oil
rates (right panels) in three coastal species: Common Eider, Herring Gull, and Great Black-backed Gull, 1977/78-
2018/19.
For the more coastal species, a trend analysis is in fact pointless in recent years, for the oil
rates are essential nihil with occasional casualties every now and then. For these species, in
this part of the world, chronic oil pollution is no longer an issue of concern, even though an
accidental spill could still kill thousands of birds on a single occasion. Oil rates equalling 0%
(depicted as logit -2 on the right panels) predominate in recent years.
Discussion
In winter 2018/19, oil rates were again very low, signaling a further improvement in marine
ecosystems for as far as chronic oil pollution is concerned. The 5-year running (arithmetic)
mean oil rate in Common Guillemots for North Sea coasts in OSPAR areas 8 and 9 combined
was until recently the only trend that was still linear, but the latest results indicate an
acceleration of the decline in oil rates in the southern Bight. The decline is similar in all OSPAR
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Common Eider, national oil-rate (%) 1976/77-2018/19
y = -0.0636x + 0.5326
R² = 0.9507
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Common Eider, North Sea coast oil rate (OSPAR 8+9), logit transformed
logit oil rate North Sea coast 5-year running mea n Linear (5- year running mean)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Herring Gull, national oil-rate (%) 1976/77-2018/19
y = -0.0499x + 0.3135
R² = 0.9144
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Herring Gull, North Sea coast oil rate (OSPAR 8+9), logit transformed
logit oil rate North Sea coast 5-year running mea n Linear (5- year running mean)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Great Black -backed Gull, na tional oil-rate (%) 1976/77-2018/19
y = -0.0594x + 0.5327
R² = 0.883
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
1977/78
1978/79
1979/80
1980/81
1981/82
1982/83
1983/84
1984/85
1985/86
1986/87
1987/88
1988/89
1989/90
1990/91
1991/92
1992/93
1993/94
1994/95
1995/96
1996/97
1997/98
1998/99
1999/00
2000/01
2001/02
2002/03
2003/04
2004/05
2005/06
2006/07
2007/08
2008/09
2009/10
2010/11
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
2015/16
2016/17
2017/18
2018/19
Great Black-backed Gull, North Sea coast oil rate (OSPAR 8+9), logit transformed
logit oil rate North Sea coast 5-year running mea n Linear (5- year running mean)

regions covered by The Netherlands. With the current oil rates, the fairly conservative OSPAR
target (20% oiled by 2020) has been exceeded and the better target (10% in 2010) has in fact
almost been reached.
As said in the previous report, beached bird surveys are a vital part of both the Oiled-
Guillemot EcoQO as well as for the plastic particle monitoring conducted by using Northern
Fulmar carcasses around the North Sea (Van Franeker & SNS Fulmar Study Group). More and
more people prefer to post their findings directly online on internet as a way of rapid
communication and data storage. Therefore, to complete the overview over strandings in The
Netherlands, more opportunistic reports from www.waarneming.nl, and especially those reports
that include clear photographic material were screened for double counts and identification
errors, even though the sample size of stranded Common Guillemots and several other seabirds
didn’t need to be enhanced. It is now foreseen that the waarneming.nl applications will be
modified such that systematic beached bird surveys are better accommodated.
The Dutch data collected for OSPAR regions 8 and 9 must be seen as contributions to
the data set. An international co-ordinator, or OSPAR itself, will have to combine Dutch,
Belgian and German data for these areas in order to arrive at OSPAR area specific oil rates for
Common Guillemots in the southeastern North Sea.
References
Anonymous 2002. Bergen Declaration. Ministerial declaration Fifth International Conference
on the Protection of the North Sea, 20-21 March 2002, Bergen, Norway.
Anonymous 2012. Mariene Strategie voor het Nederlandse deel van de Noordzee 2012-2020,
Deel 1. Rapport, Ministeries I&M en ELI, ‘s Gravenhage, The Netherlands.
Camphuysen C.J. 1989. Beached Bird Surveys in the Netherlands 1915-1988; Seabird
Mortality in the southern North Sea since the early days of Oil Pollution. Techn. Rapport
Vogelbescherming 1, Werkgroep Noordzee, Amsterdam 322pp.
Camphuysen C.J. 1995. Olieslachtoffers langs de Nederlandse kust als indicatoren van de
vervuiling van de zee met olie. Sula 9(special issue): 1-90, I-XX.
Camphuysen C.J. 2003. Olieslachtoffers op de Nederlandse kust, 2002/2003: een trendbreuk in
gevonden oliebevuilingspercentages. CSR Consultancy report 2003.01, Oosterend,
Texel, 23pp.
Camphuysen C.J. 2010. Declines in oil-rates of stranded birds in the North Sea highlight spatial
patterns in reductions of chronic oil pollution. Mar. Poll. Bull. 60: 1299-1306.
Camphuysen C.J. & Heubeck M. 2001. Marine oil pollution and beached bird surveys: the
development of a sensitive monitoring instrument. Environmental Pollution 112: 443-
461.

Camphuysen C.J. & Meer J. van der 1996. Recent trends in oiled seabirds. Ad Hoc working
group on Monitoring, Oslo and Paris Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution,
Environmental Assessment and Monitoring Committee (ASMO) . MON 1995 summary
record: 20-48, Copenhagen.
Camphuysen C.J. & B. Vollaard 2015. Oil pollution in the Dutch sector of the North Sea. In:
Carpenter A. (ed.) Oil Pollution in the North Sea. Handbook of Environmental
Chemistry, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
EU 2010. Commision Decision of 1 september 2010 on criteria and methodological standards
on good environmental status of marine waters, Document nr 2010/477/EU.

Appendices
The tables below show raw data underlying the graphs in this report, except the long-term trends in
densities. Shown are the oil rates (%), in parentheses when the sample size was <25 intact carcasses in
a given winter and/or area, and the sample size (n), for each of the OSPAR regions (8-10) and for the
North Sea coast as a whole (8+9).
(1) Common Guillemot
Subregion 8
Subregion 9
subregion 10
National (8+9)
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ration
n=
mean
1977/78
96.3
82
(
100.0
)
23
1977/78
96.2
105
1978/79
83.9
93
91.3
46
1978/79
86.3
139
1979/80
94.1
118
85.9
64
(
66.7
)
3
1979/80
91.2
182
1980/81
90.4
3061
96.0
448
91.8
233
1980/81
91.1
3509
91.2
1981/82
86.8
675
95.5
202
92.2
115
1981/82
88.8
877
90.7
1982/83
87.6
2494
95.6
1449
91.9
434
1982/83
90.5
3943
89.6
1983/84
87.4
1625
95.2
660
77.9
163
1983/84
89.6
2285
90.3
1984/85
77.1
855
89.5
474
87.2
47
1984/85
81.5
1329
88.3
1985/86
78.3
803
90.2
378
81.1
159
1985/86
82.1
1181
86.5
1986/87
89.7
107
96.1
51
(
88.2
)
17
1986/87
91.8
158
87.1
1987/88
96.1
1177
92.7
288
78.3
83
1987/88
95.4
1465
88.1
1988/89
73.0
1224
82.7
248
49.6
133
1988/89
74.6
1472
85.1
1989/90
79.5
1266
76.6
158
73.5
83
1989/90
79.1
1424
84.6
1990/91
83.9
1861
85.4
144
42.9
35
1990/91
84.0
2005
85.0
1991/92
88.9
522
92.2
268
(
100.0
)
6
1991/92
90.0
790
84.6
1992/93
41.4
794
28.7
150
40.7
123
1992/93
39.4
944
73.4
1993/94
60.8
559
56.4
179
52.8
106
1993/94
59.8
738
70.5
1994/95
69.1
246
75.8
124
71.1
83
1994/95
71.4
370
68.9
1995/96
58.6
111
62.3
61
(
57.1
)
7
1995/96
59.9
172
64.1
1996/97
84.2
146
77.5
71
(
66.7
)
6
1996/97
82.0
217
62.5
1997/98
69.5
285
64.6
144
(
61.9
)
21
1997/98
67.8
429
68.2
1998/99
43.3
1054
51.5
631
24.1
411
1998/99
46.4
1685
65.5
1999/00
78.7
675
76.8
310
60.4
149
1999/00
78.1
985
66.8
2000/01
48.1
108
63.5
197
42.9
49
2000/01
58.0
305
66.5
2001/02
62.6
340
55.0
320
50.7
138
2001/02
58.9
660
61.8
2002/03
95.9
1992
58.9
314
46.8
77
2002/03
90.9
2306
66.5
2003/04
83.7
141
69.3
215
45.9
61
2003/04
75.0
356
72.2
2004/05
61.5
265
39.7
312
42.7
103
2004/05
49.7
577
66.5
2005/06
53.7
82
56.8
132
47.9
71
2005/06
55.6
214
66.0
2006/07
28.4
356
23.5
153
13.2
76
2006/07
26.9
509
59.6
2007/08
(
50.0
)
18
48.8
43
(
35.0
)
20
2007/08
49.2
61
51.3
2008/09
(
86.4
)
22
76.5
68
(
66.7
)
9
2008/09
78.9
90
52.1
2009/10
(
23.1
)
13
34.8
23
(
66.7
)
9
2009/10
30.6
36
48.2
2010/11
(
55.6
)
9
37.5
24
(
)
0
2010/11
42.4
33
45.6
2011/12
29.2
106
27.5
91
0.0
28
2011/12
28.4
197
45.9
2012/13
3.6
28
18.5
27
(
33.3
)
3
2012/13
10.9
55
38.2
2013/14
(
0.0
)
16
53.5
43
(
12.5
)
16
2013/14
39.0
59
30.3
2014/15
(
55.6
)
18
(
10.5
)
19
(
)
0
2014/15
32.4
37
30.6
2015/16
(
10.5
)
19
2.5
122
4.0
25
2015/16
3.5
141
22.9
2016/17
2.7
37
10.0
30
(
16.7
)
6
2016/17
6.0
67
18.4
2017/18
0.0
26
13.3
30
(
0.0
)
20
2017/18
7.1
56
17.6
2018/19
9.8
51
4.7
382
(
0.0
)
15
2018/19
5.3
433
10.9
10.9
5yr mean
12.1
SD

(2) Razorbill
Subregion 8
Subregion 9
subregion 10
National (8+9)
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
1977/78
92.6
27
(
100.0
)
23
1977/78
68.0
50
1978/79
84.0
25
(
88.2
)
17
1978/79
85.7
42
1979/80
96.8
31
(
80.0
)
10
(
0.0
)
0
1979/80
92.7
41
1980/81
96.2
496
100.0
77
88.5
26
1980/81
96.7
573
85.8
1981/82
94.8
77
96.7
30
(
100.0
)
19
1981/82
95.3
107
87.7
1982/83
84.7
1299
85.9
311
85.8
141
1982/83
84.9
1610
91.1
1983/84
92.9
547
91.9
37
96.8
31
1983/84
92.8
584
92.5
1984/85
90.1
71
93.3
45
(
100.0
)
2
1984/85
91.4
116
92.2
1985/86
87.4
127
93.5
46
(
100.0
)
4
1985/86
89.0
173
90.7
1986/87
(
88.2
)
17
(
100.0
)
6
(
0.0
)
0
1986/87
91.3
23
89.9
1987/88
94.3
175
75.4
61
(
85.0
)
20
1987/88
89.4
236
90.8
1988/89
87.5
152
88.9
36
(
81.8
)
11
1988/89
87.8
188
89.8
1989/90
72.0
690
60.6
66
48.0
25
1989/90
71.0
756
85.7
1990/91
79.3
174
76.5
34
(
100.0
)
2
1990/91
78.8
208
83.7
1991/92
97.6
42
96.3
27
(
100.0
)
6
1991/92
97.1
69
84.8
1992/93
72.9
59
(
37.5
)
8
(
33.3
)
6
1992/93
68.7
67
80.7
1993/94
83.7
49
(
66.7
)
15
(
0.0
)
2
1993/94
79.7
64
79.1
1994/95
77.4
53
79.3
29
(
73.3
)
15
1994/95
78.0
82
80.5
1995/96
28.9
121
30.4
46
(
25.0
)
4
1995/96
29.3
167
70.6
1996/97
62.5
24
75.0
16
(
33.3
)
3
1996/97
67.5
40
64.6
1997/98
58.4
77
55.2
29
(
100.0
)
2
1997/98
57.5
106
62.4
1998/99
71.4
77
61.4
57
(
55.6
)
18
1998/99
67.2
134
59.9
1999/00
75.7
259
73.3
86
(
53.8
)
13
1999/00
75.1
345
59.3
2000/01
(
70.0
)
10
77.8
18
(
50.0
)
2
2000/01
75.0
28
68.5
2001/02
58.4
77
55.3
38
(
33.3
)
18
2001/02
57.4
115
66.4
2002/03
87.8
841
38.2
178
(
26.1
)
23
2002/03
79.1
1019
70.7
2003/04
45.6
57
63.3
49
(
66.7
)
6
2003/04
53.8
106
68.1
2004/05
34.8
135
22.9
118
(
13.0
)
23
2004/05
29.2
253
58.9
2005/06
50.0
24
55.8
52
91.4
35
2005/06
53.9
76
54.7
2006/07
25.5
145
16.0
50
(
22.2
)
18
2006/07
23.1
195
47.8
2007/08
(
16.7
)
6
(
14.3
)
7
(
0.0
)
4
2007/08
15.4
13
35.1
2008/09
(
60.0
)
5
(
50.0
)
6
(
)
0
2008/09
54.5
11
35.2
2009/10
(
25.0
)
8
(
0.0
)
3
(
100.0
)
1
2009/10
18.2
11
33.0
2010/11
(
0.0
)
4
(
33.3
)
3
(
)
0
2010/11
14.3
7
25.1
2011/12
1.9
209
4.1
145
0.0
36
2011/12
2.8
354
21.0
2012/13
)
0.0
)
10
(
20.0
)
5
(
0.0
)
1
2012/13
6.7
15
19.3
2013/14
)
0.0
)
10
(
0.0
)
7
(
0.0
)
2
2013/14
0.0
17
8.4
2014/15
(
)
0
(
0.0
)
7
(
)
0
2014/15
0.0
7
4.8
2015/16
(
0.0
)
2
(
5.0
)
20
(
0.0
)
5
2015/16
4.5
22
2.8
2016/17
(
0.0
)
4
(
0.0
)
5
(
0.0
)
0
2016/17
0.0
9
2.2
2017/18
(
11.1
)
9
(
11.1
)
9
(
0.0
)
20
2017/18
11.1
18
3.1
2018/19
(
0.0
)
2
17.9
28
(
0.0
)
15
2018/19
16.7
30
6.5
6.5
5yr average
7.3
SD

(3) Black-legged Kittiwake
Subregion 8
Subregion 9
subregion 10
National (8+9)
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
1977/78
83.3
102
(
50.0
)
23
1977/78
71.2
125
1978/79
53.7
54
(
100.0
)
7
1978/79
59.0
61
1979/80
73.7
114
76.7
30
(
0.0
)
0
1979/80
74.3
144
1980/81
89.6
1371
92.3
209
84.2
184
1980/81
89.9
1580
73.6
1981/82
76.9
147
79.2
53
90.6
64
1981/82
77.5
200
74.4
1982/83
84.5
969
82.2
202
82.1
262
1982/83
84.1
1171
77.0
1983/84
88.8
1750
80.7
119
82.4
142
1983/84
88.3
1869
82.8
1984/85
68.0
175
78.8
66
(
84.6
)
13
1984/85
71.0
241
82.2
1985/86
65.5
252
75.0
44
74.2
31
1985/86
66.9
296
77.5
1986/87
73.2
82
(
77.8
)
9
(
20.0
)
5
1986/87
73.6
91
76.8
1987/88
75.8
124
69.7
33
54.5
33
1987/88
74.5
157
74.9
1988/89
66.7
102
(
57.9
)
19
(
41.2
)
17
1988/89
65.3
121
70.3
1989/90
59.8
132
(
68.8
)
16
(
37.5
)
16
1989/90
60.8
148
68.2
1990/91
64.5
124
(
71.4
)
14
(
75.0
)
4
1990/91
65.2
138
67.9
1991/92
67.3
55
(
85.7
)
14
(
50.0
)
6
1991/92
71.0
69
67.4
1992/93
32.4
182
32.1
28
38.9
36
1992/93
32.4
210
58.9
1993/94
53.5
43
61.3
31
(
46.7
)
15
1993/94
56.8
74
57.2
1994/95
81.4
43
(
100.0
)
11
(
66.7
)
15
1994/95
85.2
54
62.1
1995/96
(
50.0
)
20
(
100.0
)
3
(
0.0
)
2
1995/96
56.5
23
60.4
1996/97
63.6
33
(
66.7
)
6
(
0.0
)
0
1996/97
64.1
39
59.0
1997/98
42.1
114
57.7
26
(
33.3
)
15
1997/98
45.0
140
61.5
1998/99
51.1
131
58.5
65
40.0
35
1998/99
53.6
196
60.9
1999/00
61.9
134
61.0
82
42.5
40
1999/00
61.6
216
56.2
2000/01
46.4
28
37.5
16
(
25.0
)
4
2000/01
43.2
44
53.5
2001/02
46.3
108
25.7
74
34.0
47
2001/02
37.9
182
48.2
2002/03
85.8
106
34.3
35
(
68.8
)
16
2002/03
73.0
141
53.9
2003/04
67.6
37
45.2
31
(
20.0
)
10
2003/04
57.4
68
54.6
2004/05
34.8
69
44.8
29
10.8
37
2004/05
37.8
98
49.9
2005/06
(
38.5
)
13
(
28.6
)
7
(
0.0
)
5
2005/06
35.0
20
48.2
2006/07
(
13.6
)
22
(
36.8
)
19
(
9.1
)
11
2006/07
24.4
41
45.5
2007/08
(
0.0
)
4
(
0.0
)
12
(
11.8
)
17
2007/08
0.0
16
30.9
2008/09
(
50.0
)
4
(
42.9
)
14
(
0.0
)
1
2008/09
44.4
18
28.3
2009/10
(
0.0
)
7
(
0.0
)
6
(
0.0
)
0
2009/10
0.0
13
20.8
2010/11
(
20.0
)
5
(
40.0
)
5
(
0.0
)
0
2010/11
30.0
10
19.8
2011/12
3.3
151
10.2
49
0.0
28
2011/12
5.0
200
15.9
2012/13
(
0.0
)
20
(
0.0
)
9
(
0.0
)
3
2012/13
0.0
29
15.9
2013/14
(
0.0
)
1
(
20.0
)
5
(
0.0
)
0
2013/14
16.7
6
10.3
2014/15
(
0.0
)
0
(
0.0
)
0
(
0.0
)
0
2014/15
0
12.9
2015/16
(
0.0
)
1
(
0.0
)
15
(
0.0
)
4
2015/16
0.0
16
5.4
2016/17
(
0.0
)
1
(
0.0
)
1
(
0.0
)
0
2016/17
0.0
2
4.2
2017/18
(
0.0
)
9
(
16.7
)
6
(
0.0
)
20
2017/18
6.7
15
5.8
2018/19
(
0.0
)
7
(
14.3
)
21
(
0.0
)
15
2018/19
10.7
28
4.3
4.3
5yr average
5.3
SD

(4) Northern Fulmar
Subregion 8
Subregion 9
subregion 10
National (8+9)
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
1977/78
76.0
25
(
60.0
)
23
0
1977/78
45.8
48
1978/79
58.8
34
(
75.0
)
8
0
1978/79
61.9
42
1979/80
59.3
27
(
33.3
)
9
(
)
0
1979/80
52.8
36
1980/81
81.6
256
67.2
58
84.2
38
1980/81
79.0
314
59.9
1981/82
61.5
52
(
36.8
)
19
(
65.2
)
23
1981/82
54.9
71
58.9
1982/83
72.4
58
(
65.0
)
20
(
66.7
)
12
1982/83
70.5
78
63.8
1983/84
81.1
169
(
75.0
)
16
(
66.7
)
15
1983/84
80.5
185
67.5
1984/85
(
66.7
)
24
(
66.7
)
18
(
100.0
)
1
1984/85
66.7
42
70.3
1985/86
43.8
80
53.3
30
(
37.5
)
8
1985/86
46.4
110
63.8
1986/87
(
22.2
)
9
(
50.0
)
6
(
0.0
)
1
1986/87
33.3
15
59.5
1987/88
63.9
166
46.8
77
35.7
28
1987/88
58.4
243
57.1
1988/89
61.0
82
68.4
38
(
25.0
)
16
1988/89
63.3
120
53.6
1989/90
50.0
34
(
66.7
)
6
(
0.0
)
1
1989/90
52.5
40
50.8
1990/91
(
36.4
)
11
(
)
0
(
)
0
1990/91
36.4
11
48.8
1991/92
63.6
44
78.8
52
(
33.3
)
6
1991/92
71.9
96
56.5
1992/93
40.7
27
(
12.5
)
8
(
33.3
)
12
1992/93
34.3
35
51.7
1993/94
(
33.3
)
12
(
66.7
)
9
(
50.0
)
2
1993/94
47.6
21
48.5
1994/95
(
57.1
)
21
(
30.8
)
13
(
63.6
)
11
1994/95
47.1
34
47.4
1995/96
(
50.0
)
12
(
25.0
)
8
(
100.0
)
1
1995/96
40.0
20
48.2
1996/97
(
38.5
)
13
(
66.7
)
6
(
)
0
1996/97
47.4
19
43.3
1997/98
29.0
31
19.4
31
(
0.0
)
2
1997/98
24.2
62
41.2
1998/99
26.3
399
42.1
247
29.9
97
1998/99
32.4
646
38.2
1999/00
43.5
69
43.9
57
(
53.8
)
13
1999/00
43.7
126
37.5
2000/01
(
12.5
)
16
22.2
27
(
0.0
)
4
2000/01
18.6
43
33.2
2001/02
21.3
244
30.8
78
25.0
28
2001/02
23.6
322
28.5
2002/03
67.9
28
(
12.5
)
24
(
0.0
)
4
2002/03
42.3
52
32.1
2003/04
18.4
103
10.6
161
3.6
28
2003/04
13.6
264
28.4
2004/05
14.7
34
15.0
40
(
16.7
)
18
2004/05
14.9
74
22.6
2005/06
4.2
24
(
15.0
)
20
(
0.0
)
4
2005/06
9.1
44
20.7
2006/07
12.0
25
(
0.0
)
10
(
0.0
)
10
2006/07
8.6
35
17.7
2007/08
(
0.0
)
5
(
20.0
)
20
(
7.7
)
13
2007/08
16.0
25
12.4
2008/09
(
7.4
)
27
10.9
55
(
0.0
)
7
2008/09
9.8
82
11.7
2009/10
(
33.3
)
3
(
6.3
)
16
(
33.3
)
3
2009/10
10.5
19
10.8
2010/11
(
0.0
)
4
(
0.0
)
5
(
)
0
2010/11
0.0
9
9.0
2011/12
3.8
78
1.9
52
(
0.0
)
13
2011/12
3.1
130
7.9
2012/13
(
0.0
)
2
(
0.0
)
3
(
)
0
2012/13
0.0
5
4.7
2013/14
(
0.0
)
2
(
)
0
(
0.0
)
1
2013/14
0.0
2
2.7
2014/15
(
0.0
)
0
(
0.0
)
2
(
)
0
2014/15
0.0
2
0.6
2015/16
(
0.0
)
3
(
0.0
)
10
(
)
0
2015/16
0.0
13
0.6
2016/17
(
0.0
)
11
(
0.0
)
13
(
0.0
)
3
2016/17
0.0
24
0.0
2017/18
(
0.0
)
9
(
0.0
)
2
(
0.0
)
20
2017/18
0.0
11
0.0
2018/19
(
0.0
)
4
(
12.5
)
16
(
0.0
)
15
2018/19
10.0
20
2.0
2.0
5yr average
4.5
SD

(5) Northern Gannet
Subregion 8
Subregion 9
subregion 10
National (8+9)
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
1977/78
(
50.0
)
12
(
66.7
)
23
1977/78
28.6
35
1978/79
(
30.0
)
20
(
50.0
)
4
1978/79
33.3
24
1979/80
(
54.2
)
24
(
14.3
)
7
(
)
0
1979/80
45.2
31
1980/81
45.3
86
26.9
26
(
25.0
)
8
1980/81
41.1
112
37.0
1981/82
57.4
47
(
45.5
)
22
(
42.9
)
14
1981/82
53.6
69
40.4
1982/83
82.2
90
(
69.6
)
23
(
63.6
)
11
1982/83
79.6
113
50.6
1983/84
51.5
66
(
66.7
)
12
(
54.5
)
11
1983/84
53.8
78
54.7
1984/85
69.2
26
(
53.8
)
13
(
100.0
)
2
1984/85
64.1
39
58.5
1985/86
27.4
62
(
30.0
)
20
(
50.0
)
10
1985/86
28.0
82
55.9
1986/87
(
61.1
)
18
(
50.0
)
6
(
0.0
)
1
1986/87
58.3
24
56.8
1987/88
17.8
73
4.7
43
(
5.3
)
19
1987/88
12.9
116
43.5
1988/89
22.0
41
(
33.3
)
18
(
20.0
)
15
1988/89
25.4
59
37.8
1989/90
69.1
55
(
80.0
)
10
(
66.7
)
3
1989/90
70.8
65
39.1
1990/91
85.7
49
(
100.0
)
6
(
100.0
)
1
1990/91
87.3
55
50.9
1991/92
56.8
37
(
52.2
)
23
(
0.0
)
6
1991/92
55.0
60
50.3
1992/93
60.0
40
(
22.2
)
9
(
11.1
)
9
1992/93
53.1
49
58.3
1993/94
72.4
29
(
70.0
)
10
(
75.0
)
4
1993/94
71.8
39
67.6
1994/95
66.7
27
(
40.0
)
15
(
55.6
)
9
1994/95
57.1
42
64.9
1995/96
(
40.0
)
10
(
25.0
)
8
(
)
0
1995/96
33.3
18
54.1
1996/97
(
60.0
)
20
(
71.4
)
7
(
)
0
1996/97
63.0
27
55.7
1997/98
31.3
32
13.8
29
(
0.0
)
2
1997/98
23.0
61
49.6
1998/99
9.3
324
12.8
164
10.5
76
1998/99
10.5
488
37.4
1999/00
38.1
63
38.5
52
(
33.3
)
9
1999/00
38.3
115
33.6
2000/01
(
26.3
)
19
46.2
39
(
20.0
)
5
2000/01
39.7
58
34.9
2001/02
4.0
200
8.5
59
(
0.0
)
21
2001/02
5.0
259
23.3
2002/03
74.3
35
(
12.5
)
24
(
0.0
)
4
2002/03
49.2
59
28.5
2003/04
3.4
87
4.6
151
0.0
27
2003/04
4.2
238
27.3
2004/05
19.4
36
24.4
45
(
6.3
)
16
2004/05
22.2
81
24.1
2005/06
(
4.2
)
24
(
19.0
)
21
(
50.0
)
8
2005/06
11.1
45
18.3
2006/07
21.4
28
(
9.1
)
11
(
16.7
)
12
2006/07
17.9
39
20.9
2007/08
(
28.6
)
7
38.5
26
(
14.3
)
14
2007/08
36.4
33
18.4
2008/09
3.8
)
26
7.5
53
(
0.0
)
7
2008/09
6.3
79
18.8
2009/10
(
33.3
)
3
(
11.8
)
17
(
0.0
)
2
2009/10
15.0
20
17.4
2010/11
(
0.0
)
4
(
0.0
)
5
(
)
0
2010/11
0.0
9
15.1
2011/12
2.6
77
1.9
52
(
0.0
)
13
2011/12
2.3
129
12.0
2012/13
(
0.0
)
2
(
0.0
)
3
(
)
0
2012/13
0.0
5
4.7
2013/14
(
0.0
)
2
(
)
0
(
0.0
)
1
2013/14
0.0
2
3.5
2014/15
(
)
0
(
0.0
)
2
(
)
0
2014/15
0.0
2
0.5
2015/16
(
0.0
)
3
(
0.0
)
10
(
)
0
2015/16
0.0
13
0.5
2016/17
(
0.0
)
11
(
0.0
)
13
(
0.0
)
3
2016/17
0.0
24
0.0
2017/18
(
10.0
)
10
(
33.3
)
3
(
50.0
)
20
2017/18
15.4
13
3.1
2018/19
(
0.0
)
4
(
12.5
)
16
(
0.0
)
15
2018/19
10.0
20
5.1
5.1
5yr average
7.2
SD

(6) Common Eider
Subregion 8
Subregion 9
subregion 10
National (8+9)
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
1977/78
(
71.4
)
14
(
75.0
)
23
1977/78
35.1
37
1978/79
(
53.3
)
15
27.6
29
1978/79
36.4
44
1979/80
(
71.4
)
7
54.8
31
(
25.0
)
4
1979/80
57.9
38
1980/81
(
76.2
)
21
69.6
56
39.3
61
1980/81
71.4
77
50.2
1981/82
(
36.4
)
22
44.0
50
37.0
119
1981/82
41.7
72
48.5
1982/83
47.1
34
58.0
169
41.3
392
1982/83
56.2
203
52.7
1983/84
57.7
52
17.2
122
17.7
379
1983/84
29.3
174
51.3
1984/85
22.9
96
15.7
287
14.3
509
1984/85
17.5
383
43.2
1985/86
(
50.0
)
8
15.9
107
5.7
211
1985/86
18.3
115
32.6
1986/87
62.9
35
78.6
355
75.3
174
1986/87
77.2
390
39.7
1987/88
99.5
555
52.8
322
17.3
237
1987/88
82.3
877
44.9
1988/89
40.0
50
45.8
216
10.9
523
1988/89
44.7
266
48.0
1989/90
(
87.5
)
8
16.2
68
17.7
209
1989/90
23.7
76
49.2
1990/91
11.0
429
2.0
204
2.0
200
1990/91
8.1
633
47.2
1991/92
36.8
261
7.6
340
(
13.5
)
6
1991/92
20.3
601
35.8
1992/93
34.1
123
8.5
153
2.3
343
1992/93
19.9
276
23.3
1993/94
28.6
28
3.4
58
12.0
108
1993/94
11.6
86
16.7
1994/95
29.3
41
6.1
66
8.1
533
1994/95
15.0
107
15.0
1995/96
4.6
108
9.0
178
(
4.1
)
121
1995/96
7.3
286
14.8
1996/97
9.7
31
25.9
81
(
4.4
)
206
1996/97
21.4
112
15.1
1997/98
18.5
27
3.8
78
(
9.5
)
105
1997/98
7.6
105
12.6
1998/99
(
6.3
)
16
29.1
55
11.1
171
1998/99
23.9
71
15.1
1999/00
20.2
455
4.7
1631
3.4
4982
1999/00
8.1
2086
13.7
2000/01
6.6
91
1.9
377
0.2
965
2000/01
2.8
468
12.8
2001/02
1.5
323
3.9
613
1.6
2723
2001/02
3.1
936
9.1
2002/03
73.7
57
4.3
232
1.1
474
2002/03
18.0
289
11.2
2003/04
(
20.0
)
10
4.2
71
1.4
209
2003/04
6.2
81
7.6
2004/05
(
0.0
)
14
2.9
170
1.7
480
2004/05
2.7
184
6.6
2005/06
(
16.7
)
12
4.0
101
1.5
267
2005/06
5.3
113
7.1
2006/07
(
0.0
)
4
0.0
38
1.5
130
2006/07
0.0
42
6.4
2007/08
(
)
0
4.2
24
0.0
59
2007/08
4.2
24
3.7
2008/09
(
0.0
)
1
1.5
67
0.0
82
2008/09
1.5
68
2.7
2009/10
(
)
0
0.0
51
2.8
71
2009/10
0.0
51
2.2
2010/11
(
0.0
)
3
(
0.0
)
16
(
)
0
2010/11
0.0
19
1.1
2011/12
(
0.0
)
6
0.9
112
0.0
61
2011/12
0.8
118
1.3
2012/13
(
)
0
(
0.0
)
5
(
0.0
)
5
2012/13
0.0
5
0.5
2013/14
(
)
0
(
0.0
)
9
(
0.0
)
6
2013/14
0.0
9
0.2
2014/15
(
)
0
(
0.0
)
5
(
)
0
2014/15
0.0
5
0.2
2015/16
(
)
0
(
0.0
)
7
(
0.0
)
14
2015/16
0.0
7
0.2
2016/17
(
)
0
(
0.0
)
11
(
0.0
)
7
2016/17
0.0
11
0.0
2017/18
(
)
0
(
0.0
)
3
(
0.0
)
20
2017/18
0.0
3
0.0
2018/19
(
0.0
)
2
(
0.0
)
0
(
0.0
)
15
2018/19
0.0
2
0.0
0.0
5yr average
0.0
SD

(7) Herring Gull
Subregion 8
Subregion 9
subregion 10
National (8+9)
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
1977/78
68.8
64
(
71.4
)
23
0.0
3
1977/78
56.3
87
1978/79
38.9
211
(
36.8
)
19
1978/79
38.7
230
1979/80
32.0
122
18.4
38
(
0.0
)
4
1979/80
28.8
160
1980/81
73.7
350
63.6
88
25.0
40
1980/81
71.7
438
48.9
1981/82
52.1
257
27.4
84
13.2
121
1981/82
46.0
341
48.3
1982/83
61.2
237
61.7
60
20.1
134
1982/83
61.3
297
49.3
1983/84
46.4
412
47.4
38
12.3
162
1983/84
46.4
450
50.8
1984/85
31.3
224
26.8
82
17.4
144
1984/85
30.1
306
51.1
1985/86
23.2
181
14.7
95
10.9
119
1985/86
20.3
276
40.8
1986/87
37.2
113
21.0
81
(
9.3
)
75
1986/87
30.4
194
37.7
1987/88
47.2
106
37.0
46
5.2
116
1987/88
44.1
152
34.3
1988/89
24.7
174
19.6
56
5.1
137
1988/89
23.5
230
29.7
1989/90
21.4
215
(
26.1
)
23
8.2
49
1989/90
21.8
238
28.0
1990/91
14.2
169
(
60.0
)
5
0.0
9
1990/91
15.5
174
27.1
1991/92
25.7
105
(
50.0
)
20
(
0.0
)
6
1991/92
29.6
125
26.9
1992/93
10.5
105
10.0
30
9.7
72
1992/93
10.4
135
20.2
1993/94
30.4
92
(
46.2
)
13
0.0
24
1993/94
32.4
105
21.9
1994/95
31.4
70
8.0
50
6.8
73
1994/95
21.7
120
21.9
1995/96
9.6
83
11.1
36
(
0.0
)
54
1995/96
10.1
119
20.8
1996/97
6.3
64
12.9
31
(
0.0
)
29
1996/97
8.4
95
16.6
1997/98
8.6
81
(
17.4
)
23
(
5.0
)
20
1997/98
10.6
104
16.6
1998/99
17.6
102
28.0
25
12.5
40
1998/99
19.7
127
14.1
1999/00
17.9
84
25.7
35
9.1
44
1999/00
20.2
119
13.8
2000/01
5.0
40
2.2
46
0.0
99
2000/01
3.5
86
12.5
2001/02
2.7
74
9.4
32
3.6
166
2001/02
4.7
106
11.7
2002/03
41.2
51
6.7
45
0.7
135
2002/03
25.0
96
14.6
2003/04
(
16.7
)
24
14.3
28
0.0
74
2003/04
15.4
52
13.8
2004/05
10.8
37
0.0
25
2.2
91
2004/05
6.5
62
11.0
2005/06
(
7.1
)
14
(
5.3
)
19
3.4
116
2005/06
6.1
33
11.5
2006/07
(
0.0
)
10
(
5.9
)
17
0.0
63
2006/07
3.7
27
11.3
2007/08
(
0.0
)
6
(
0.0
)
8
(
0.0
)
47
2007/08
0.0
14
6.3
2008/09
(
0.0
)
13
3.8
26
(
0.0
)
61
2008/09
2.6
39
3.8
2009/10
(
0.0
)
7
2.3
44
(
0.0
)
40
2009/10
2.0
51
2.9
2010/11
(
0.0
)
11
0.0
18
(
)
0
2010/11
0.0
29
1.6
2011/12
0.0
26
0.0
30
0.0
37
2011/12
0.0
56
0.9
2012/13
(
28.6
)
7
(
0.0
)
7
(
0.0
)
8
2012/13
14.3
14
3.8
2013/14
(
0.0
)
3
(
0.0
)
14
(
12.5
)
8
2013/14
0.0
17
3.2
2014/15
(
0.0
)
5
(
0.0
)
6
(
)
0
2014/15
0.0
11
2.9
2015/16
(
0.0
)
2
(
0.0
)
21
0.0
25
2015/16
0.0
23
2.9
2016/17
(
)
0
0.0
37
(
0.0
)
15
2016/17
0.0
37
2.9
2017/18
(
0.0
)
2
0.0
42
(
0.0
)
20
2017/18
0.0
44
0.0
2018/19
(
0.0
)
1
(
11.8
)
17
(
0.0
)
15
2018/19
11.1
18
2.2
2.2
5yr average
5.0
SD

(8) Great Black-backed Gull
Subregion 8
Subregion 9
subregion 10
National (8+9)
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
ratio
n=
1977/78
59.3
27
(
0.0
)
23
(
0.0
)
2
1977/78
32.0
50
1978/79
38.1
63
(
18.2
)
11
1978/79
35.1
74
1979/80
31.6
38
(
12.5
)
8
(
0.0
)
1
1979/80
28.3
46
1980/81
73.7
95
(
54.2
)
24
(
50.0
)
6
1980/81
69.7
119
41.3
1981/82
66.3
95
26.5
34
35.7
28
1981/82
55.8
129
44.2
1982/83
66.2
77
(
73.7
)
19
39.6
48
1982/83
67.7
96
51.3
1983/84
62.3
77
(
53.3
)
15
11.3
53
1983/84
60.9
92
56.5
1984/85
19.4
36
(
13.3
)
15
(
12.5
)
8
1984/85
17.6
51
54.4
1985/86
34.5
29
(
6.3
)
16
12.1
33
1985/86
24.4
45
45.3
1986/87
14.8
27
(
60.0
)
15
(
0.0
)
11
1986/87
31.0
42
40.3
1987/88
42.9
7
(
61.1
)
18
(
15.0
)
20
1987/88
56.0
25
38.0
1988/89
38.5
13
(
25.0
)
8
(
4.8
)
21
1988/89
33.3
21
32.5
1989/90
18.2
22
(
28.6
)
7
(
25.0
)
4
1989/90
20.7
29
33.1
1990/91
17.9
28
(
25.0
)
4
(
0.0
)
2
1990/91
18.8
32
31.9
1991/92
22.5
40
(
33.3
)
3
(
0.0
)
6
1991/92
23.3
43
30.4
1992/93
30.8
13
(
0.0
)
3
(
0.0
)
17
1992/93
25.0
16
24.2
1993/94
25.0
8
(
33.3
)
6
(
0.0
)
6
1993/94
28.6
14
23.3
1994/95
15.4
13
(
25.0
)
12
(
12.5
)
8
1994/95
20.0
25
23.1
1995/96
7.1
14
(
0.0
)
7
(
0.0
)
5
1995/96
4.8
21
20.3
1996/97
33.3
6
(
14.3
)
7
(
0.0
)
11
1996/97
23.1
13
20.3
1997/98
18.2
11
(
28.6
)
7
(
0.0
)
10
1997/98
22.2
18
19.7
1998/99
29.6
27
(
29.4
)
17
0.0
28
1998/99
29.5
44
19.9
1999/00
7.7
13
(
18.2
)
11
11.8
34
1999/00
12.5
24
18.4
2000/01
0
(
11.1
)
18
(
0.0
)
23
2000/01
11.1
18
19.7
2001/02
8.3
12
(
11.1
)
9
0.0
30
2001/02
9.5
21
17.0
2002/03
50.0
8
(
6.7
)
15
(
9.5
)
21
2002/03
21.7
23
16.9
2003/04
25.0
8
(
14.3
)
14
(
0.0
)
24
2003/04
18.2
22
14.6
2004/05
23.1
13
(
30.0
)
10
(
0.0
)
15
2004/05
26.1
23
17.3
2005/06
0.0
7
(
0.0
)
10
(
0.0
)
18
2005/06
0.0
17
15.1
2006/07
0.0
4
(
0.0
)
15
(
0.0
)
24
2006/07
0.0
19
13.2
2007/08
(
)
0
(
0.0
)
3
(
0.0
)
15
2007/08
0.0
3
8.9
2008/09
(
0.0
)
6
(
0.0
)
11
(
0.0
)
9
2008/09
0.0
17
5.2
2009/10
(
0.0
)
5
(
0.0
)
14
(
0.0
)
7
2009/10
0.0
19
0.0
2010/11
(
0.0
)
2
(
0.0
)
5
(
)
0
2010/11
0.0
7
0.0
2011/12
8.3
24
(
5.3
)
19
(
0.0
)
18
2011/12
7.0
43
1.4
2012/13
0.0
3
(
0.0
)
5
(
0.0
)
4
2012/13
0.0
8
1.4
2013/14
(
0.0
)
4
(
0.0
)
2
(
0.0
)
3
2013/14
0.0
6
1.4
2014/15
(
0.0
)
3
(
0.0
)
4
(
)
0
2014/15
0.0
7
1.4
2015/16
(
0.0
)
2
(
0.0
)
12
(
0.0
)
2
2015/16
0.0
14
1.4
2016/17
0.0
2
0.0
36
(
0.0
)
13
2016/17
0.0
38
0.0
2017/18
0.0
2
(
0.0
)
3
(
0.0
)
20
2017/18
0.0
5
0.0
2018/19
0.0
7
(
0.0
)
8
(
0.0
)
15
2018/19
0.0
15
0.0
0.0
5yr average
0.0
SD