Content uploaded by W. L. Daniels
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by W. L. Daniels on Jan 23, 2020
Content may be subject to copyright.
Risk assessment and remediation of soils contaminated by mining and smelting of lead, zinc, and cadmium. Rev. Int. Contam. Ambient. 16(4):175-192.
... It has been observed that vegetation intercepts the aerosol and that the concentrations of elements are high in samples of plants from industrial areas. A review of the scientific literature shows that trees can absorb some elements from the air by leaves and also by roots from the soil that can be polluted by industry, traffic, and household activities [38][39][40][41]. Meanwhile, some studies show that trees did not provide reliable information at the yearly scale on past variations in contaminated soils, and a key role in absorption of elements is also played by soil acidity. ...
The current study explores for the first time the contrasts and similarities between the elemental (Na, Mg, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) composition of pines that grow in a polluted industrialized area, located close to a steelworks, and that of pines growing in a comparative site, far from industry. Radial trace element profiles were determined by LA-ICPMS. The results are compared with the rainfall load at the monitoring station in Katowice, the nearest one to sampling sites, over the years 1999-2012, received from the Chief Inspectorate of Environmental Protection (GIO). The results show that in annual tree rings, there is no direct linear correlation between rainfall load and concentration of the studied elements in wood of the annual rings. The element concentrations in trees may reflect the sum of different factors that impact the ecosystem, including pollution from large sources and local point sources, immission, load of the rainfall level, and also specific plant physiology processes.
... Более современные исследования [38], в том числе китайских ученых [39][40][41], показали существенное загрязнение разных компонентов окружающей среды (не только почв, но и, например, речных отложений) при переработке рудных концентратов, в том числе для получения собственно кадмия. Однако при этом отмечалось, что уровень загрязнения и риски для здоровья людей зависят от ряда условий, т. е. являются ситуационными. ...
Use of solar cells contributes to ecologization of the energy sector of economy, but also requires taking into account various influences on environment. Particularly, many of them utilize cadmium (as cadmium telluride), which triggers concerns of possible pollution by this toxic heavy metal. This article summarizes and systematizes a significant amount of information, which allows evaluating such a pollution. Methodologically, this work is based on bibliographical survey and examination of the content of articles in the leading domestic and foreign editions on the considered problematic. It is established that the problem of cadmium pollution of environment by the use of solar cells has generally been formulated in the contemporary science, but as hypothetical to significant degree, and its treatment is distinguished by remarkable incompleteness. The authors show that in the light of the earlier conducted research, pollution of environment (also industrial) can take place together with cadmium extraction, production of solar cells, their use and utilization, the facts of which are known. The scale of this problem is currently difficult to establish, but its under-study itself creates risks of its large-scale appearance in the nearest future. Sometimes, scientists raise the question of replacing cadmium-bearing materials by those ecologically more “clean”. In this regard, a question is posed about whether such a replacement would diminish interest to correct utilization of already used cells, mass accumulation of which as waste makes pollution inevitable. The attention is also paid to the fact that even if solar energetic itself diminishes cadmium flux to environment via replacement of “traditional” sources of energy, changes in the geography of production of the latter is able to extend the appearance of the considered problem.
Smelter waste deposits pose an environmental threat worldwide. Biosolids are potentialy useful in reclamation of such sites. Biological aspects of revegetation of Zn and Pb smelter wastelands using biosolids are discussed in this report. The goal of the studies was to assess to what extent biosolid treatment would support ecosystem functioning as measured by biological indicators such as enzyme activities of revege-tated metal waste or plant growth. Another crucial aspect was related to the assessment of metal transfer to the ecosystem which could affect the health of local fauna and also create a food chain risk. A field experiment was conducted on a smelter waste deposit in Piekary Slaskie, Silesia, Poland, with two separate fields—established on wastes from the Welz and Doerschel smelting processes. The tested methods allowed revegetation of the fields—application of municipal biosolid at the rate 300 dry t ha 21 combined with the incorporation of commercial lime in a mixed oxide and carbonate form at the rate of 1.5 and 30 t for Welz waste or use of a 30 cm by-product lime cap followed by incorporation of bio-solid at a rate of 300 t ha 21 for the more acidic Doerschel waste. Studies on biological activities demonstrated that the reclamation methods used are an effective way to establish new, fully-functioning ecosystems that support plant growth. They also provided strong evidence that forage crops grown on Zn, Cd and Pb contaminated sites reclaimed using lime and biosolids do not pose identified risk for wildlife and food safety.
Wzrost produkcji osadów ściekowych w Polsce wymaga podjęcia specyficznych sposobów ich wykorzystania
i unieszkodliwiania. Powodem jest fakt, iż osady ściekowe oprócz tego że są bogate w materię organiczną oraz związki biogenne takie jak azot i fosfor, które są korzystne z rolniczego punktu widzenia, zawierają także metale ciężkie, toksyczne zanieczyszczenia organiczne, takie jak trwałe zanieczyszczenia organiczne
i wielopierścieniowe węglowodory aromatyczne, związki nieorganiczne takie jak krzemiany i gliniany oraz bakterie chorobotwórcze i inne zanieczyszczenia mikrobiologiczne. Implikuje to problemy dalszego wykorzystania tak zanieczyszczonego osadu jako nawozu w rolnictwie.
Tym samym celem niniejszej pracy jest analiza możliwości oraz ograniczeń przyrodniczego zagospodarowania osadów ściekowych z uwzględnieniem ich wpływu na restytucję i zachowanie materii organicznej w glebie oraz plonowanie roślin. Dodatkowo omówione zostały główne metody uzdatniania zanieczyszczonych przed wprowadzeniem ich do środowiska.
Increase of sewage sludge production in Poland required undertaking specific methods of their utilization and disposal. The reason is that sewage sludge despite organic matter, and nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus that are useful for agriculture use, contains also heavy metals, toxic organic pollutant such as persistent organic pollutant, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, inorganic compounds such as silicates and aluminates, and pathogenic and other microbial pollutants. This implicates problems with the further use of such contaminated sludge as a fertilizer in the agriculture.
Considering above, the general aim of this paper is to review the possibilities and restrictions of municipal sewage sludge use as soil and plant fertilizer. In particular, the effect of municipal sewage sludge application on the soil organic matter restitution and preservation and crop yield were investigated; and in the case of contaminated sewage sludge overview of the main methods of their treatment prior to introduction into the environment.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.