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Branchenanalyse Logistik. Der Logistiksektor zwischen Globalisierung, Industrie 4.0 und Online-Handel
Abstract and Figures
Der Logistiksektor erfüllt eine zentrale Infrastrukturfunktion in einer arbeitsteiligen globalen Wirtschaft. Mit einem Marktvolumen von mehr als 198 Milliarden Euro und rund 1,34 Millionen Arbeitnehmerinnen und Arbeitnehmer ist er ein wichtiger Faktor für die Volkswirtschaft und den Arbeitsmarkt in Deutschland. Die Logistikbranche steht angesichts der Globalisierung der Wertschöpfung, neuer Produktionskonzepte, der Digitalisierung von Geschäfts- und Arbeitsprozessen und des starken Wachstums des E-Commerce vor neuen Anforderungen. Ziel der Studie ist es, einen Überblick über die wesentlichen Trends, Strukturmerkmale und Entwicklungen im Post-, Transport- und Logistiksektor zu geben und die wichtigsten Herausforderungen für Akteure der Mitbestimmung zu beschreiben.
Die Studie ist in der Reihe HBS-Study Nr. 390 der Hans-Böckler-Stiftung erschienen.
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... As the classic boundaries of the company are beginning to blur [2], the potential of digital technologies, SCM 4.0 and cooperation becomes evident. The relevance of supply chain collaboration (SCC) within logistics and SCM is frequently highlighted in the literature [3][4][5][6] as crossindustry logistics cooperation for digitalization [7] and supply chain transparency [8][9][10] drive the need for stronger interconnection of and cooperation between companies. This research field becomes especially relevant in future supply chains as they are more interconnected and cross-network information analysis and sharing advance intelligent action in the physical world. ...
... The global integration of supply chains, continuous population growth and urbanization put logistics networks under increasing pressure [4,[19][20][21] while other mega trends such as the digitalization and automation of business processes also drive comprehensive changes in the logistics sector, where approximately half of the companies consider themselves to be trendsetters or innovators [7]. Thus, crossindustry logistics cooperation for digitalization [7] and supply chain transparency [8][9][10] drive the need for stronger interconnection of and cooperation between companies. Tremendous changes and potential paradigm shifts are expected within the logistics and supply chain sector over the next decade, for instance concerning the influence of technology on physical and information or data flows, new models of cooperation with customers, partners and suppliers in connected value networks, autonomous decision-making and open innovation [15,22,23]. ...
... This development also impacts the logistics sector, where approximately half of the companies consider themselves to be trendsetters or innovators [7]. The growing importance of new technologies and IT integration also amplifies the role of the digital transformation [8,21]. As the classic boundaries of the company are beginning to blur [2], the potential of digital technologies, logistics 4.0, cooperation and urban logistics becomes evident. ...
This paper presents a novel method for the analysis and implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) inspired collaborative supply chain management (SCM) processes. The evolving nature of supply networks and the underlying information systems drives the application of AI in this context. Within information systems research, design-science approaches have become more relevant in recent years while systems thinking is proven to be a useful method for the analysis of complex issues. The paper thus aims to present a novel approach for the analysis and optimization of collaborative supply networks. For this purpose, the topicality of and potential gains from the integration of AI for supply chain collaboration as well as the shared characteristics of systems thinking and design-science research are discussed. The paper contributes to the academic debate on approaches towards future SCM and collaboration as the methodological and research theoretical focus consolidates systems thinking and design-science research and is transferable to other application areas with dynamic processes. Furthermore, this paper presents a valuable contribution to supply chain processes in organizations of all sectors by providing a macro level perspective on the topic of collaborative SCM. A systemic viewpoint enables better understanding and incorporation of all aspects of sustainability and thus facilitates the development and optimization of future digital, collaborative and resilient SCM and the underlying information systems through the application of AI.
... The industry is of major importance in all investigated countries. In Germany, logistics is one of the biggest sectors with more than 1.3 million staff and revenues of nearly 200 billion Euro in 2014 (Zanker, 2018), accounting for about 25% of overall logistics revenues in Europe (BVL, 2018). The country counts about 62,000 logistics companies (mostly small and medium-sized enterprises). ...
... The majority of functions in warehouses can be fulfilled by lowskilled (or even unskilled) workers (i.e., pickers and reachers), which is reflected in rather low wages. In Germany, about 25% of all logistics workers earn an hourly wage of less than 10 Euro which the government officially considers as low wage (Zanker, 2018). Furthermore, atypical forms of employment are widespread, though in ways that vary across national boundaries. ...
... In Germany, the collective bargaining coverage rate (56% in 2016) and union density (17% in 2016) are fairly low; the unionization rate in Fashion is higher compared to Food-DE, but also below national average. Moreover, many (particularly small) logistics companies opt out or derogate from sectoral collective agreements (Zanker, 2018). In addition, the labor movement reflects different country-based structures and union traditions, with the separation by religion and associated political beliefs in Belgium and the Netherlands, and the single unified trade union structure with no political affiliation in Germany. ...
The orderly functioning of global capitalism increasingly depends on the labor of logistics workers. But social scientists have yet to produce nuanced accounts of the labor process in the many ports, warehouses, and distribution centers that lie at the heart of logistics work. In this study we seek to connect the nascent field of critical logistics studies to theories of the labor process in an effort to understand the production regimes that arise in warehouse work under different economic and regulatory conditions. Using qualitative data gathered at four European warehouses owned by the same third party logistics firm, we identify several distinct types of production regimes at these warehouses and analyze the conditions accounting for each. Even in this globally oriented industry in which firms seek to standardize their international operations, locally rooted conditions play a significant role, generating sharply different forms of labor control even within the same firm.
... This opens up the possibility for logistics platforms to connect a large number of market actors (Stölzle & Häberle 2021). Due to the strong competition among transport firms and often precarious working conditions of transport workers (Gregson 2017;Zanker 2018), we expected platforms in the area of road freight transport to have a particular impact on existing structures, especially on labour in logistics. Against this background, we contacted all of the 40 digital platforms from the list that offer services related to road freight transport in Germany in a second sampling step. ...
For many years, struggles over value capture have been taking place between different actors in the logistics sector, creating ever more pressure for workers in traditional activities of logistics. New actors, in the form of digital business-to-business (B2B) platforms, which are proliferating especially in the freight transport sector, are further challenging the already contested field. Based on the Global Production Networks (GPN) approach, this study addresses the question of how B2B platforms affect labour in production networks of logistics, and what labour agency practices are emerging in the face of advancing platformi-sation. The study draws on interviews with various actors operating in the road freight transport sector in Germany. The results show that digital B2B platforms, due to their intermediary function, have a direct impact on the inclusion and exclusion of actors involved in production networks of logistics, and induce not only a race to the bottom in terms of labour conditions, but also produce increasingly contingent geographies of logistics. This paper contributes to the literature on platforms by examining previously neglected B2B platforms and shedding light on the different ways that labour in global production networks can be affected by new agents, such as digital platforms.
... As last mile networks are facing a rapid rise in deliveries and related challenges, the pursuit of sustainable processes is becoming increasingly important [1][2][3][4][5]. Economic, social, political, and technological mega-trends present both opportunities and challenges to last mile supply networks and processes [1,4]. ...
... The fast-paced evolution of global industry and trade poses increasing challenges to both regional and global supply chains as supply networks are an integral part of any business endeavour (Backhaus et al., 2020;Schröder & Wegner, 2019;Storey, Emberson, Godsell, & Harrison, 2006). Companies must compete in challenging and globally integrated environments and often find their supply chains to be insufficiently equipped to face global competition, growing customer expectations, supply chain disruptions and individualised production (Christopher, 2000;Golan, Jernegan, & Linkov, 2020;Zanker, 2018). The supply chain management (SCM) literature provides different approaches towards the integration of advanced technologies, such as data analytics (DA), simulation, or artificial intelligence (AI). ...
The fast-paced evolution of supply chains poses increasing challenges as networks have become more complex and dynamic. The intense interaction between information technology and business drives the spread of the physical internet as a supply chain paradigm. While some of the classic supply chain models provide approaches towards the integration of advanced technologies, few publications focus on a comparison or further development of these models. We strived to critically discuss existing supply chain models and to suggest an improved approach for modelling the digital supply chain. We applied the design science research methodology to systematically analyse and critically evaluate four selected supply chain modelling approaches. Based on a literature review and benefit analysis, we present an outlook on the potential future applicability and provide a roadmap for modelling advanced technology integration for supply chains. The comprehensive analysis highlights if and how selected supply chain models can remain relevant regarding the digitalisation of supply chains. Thus, this article informs researchers on future research opportunities and suggests a potential roadmap for practitioners.
New intermediaries in the form of digital platforms which, in many cases, reorganise existing value chains, are increasingly emerging in various industries. However, it is apparent that platforms often operate under the radar, particularly in business-to-business (B2B) markets, and consequences are thus difficult to grasp. Work-related effects of digital platforms in B2B markets have so far received little attention in research; therefore, we examine the impact of digital B2B platforms on working conditions, and the reaction of unions and works councils to these developments. To do so, we draw on the case of the logistics sector, particularly the transport segment, in Germany, where various digital platforms have emerged in recent years. Based on qualitative interviews, we show that two types of platforms, namely digital logistics marketplaces and digital freight forwarders, as non-neutral intermediaries, have a significant impact on the industry and the actors involved. Through the price transparency they create and the responsibility they pass on, platforms are causing increased competition among carriers, resulting in lower wages and labour standards. Not only the weak bargaining power of transport workers but also the limited production network knowledge of works councils and unions about platform activities in the logistics sector constrain labour agency.
Digitalization is driving a process of transformation with a major impact on risk management. On the one hand, existing risks are subject to change. On the other hand, new risks are emerging. Effective risk management requires several human decisions, e.g., to identify risks or select a mitigation strategy. Researchers in various disciplines have demonstrated, however, that human decisions are often biased and thus not fully rational. As a result, potential risks are overlooked entirely, their likelihood is underestimated, and inadequate mitigation strategies are applied. In this chapter, we examine the influence of cognitive biases on human decision-making in risk management to derive initial recommendations for practitioners.
Die grenzüberschreitende physische Distribution der Waren vom Lieferanten zum Kunden ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der internationalen Geschäftstätigkeit. In diesem Kapitel werden die unterschiedlichen Formen des Gütertransportes und deren Charakteristika sowie typische Einsatzbereiche präsentiert. Schwerpunkte liegen dabei auf dem im internationalen Güterverkehr häufig verwendeten Containertransport sowie auf der Auswahl geeigneter Logistikdienstleister, deren Rolle sich im Laufe der Zeit sehr dynamisch entwickelt hat. Bei grenzüberschreitenden Lieferungen ist es zudem unerlässlich, sich bereits bei Vertragsabschluss über die geeigneten Lieferbedingungen Gedanken zu machen. Im Fokus stehen dabei insbesondere das Regelwerk Incoterms® 2020 und dessen einzelne Klauseln. Zum Abschluss des Kapitels werden verschiedene Kalkulationsschemen für Frachtraten vorgestellt.
Logistics market assessments for Germany
Das vorliegende Fachbuch befasst sich mit der Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung als Instrument zur Kommunikation und Bewertung der Nachhaltigkeitsleistung von Logistikunternehmen. Hierzu sind Kenntnisse über die verschiedenen Berichtsgrundlagen und -standards nötig sowie Kenntnisse darüber, welche Herausforderungen speziell auf die Logistikdienstleister hinzukommen. Nur so kann eine sinnvolle Nachhaltigkeitsstrategie entwickelt und umgesetzt werden. Die Autoren präsentieren einen verständlichen Praxisleitfaden, der in fünf Schritten zum Nachhaltigkeitsbericht führt. Dieser soll Logistikdienstleister, die sich bisher noch gar nicht oder nur wenig mit Nachhaltigkeit auseinandergesetzt haben, an die Thematik heranführen und ihnen einen Einstieg in das Nachhaltigkeitsmanagement bieten.
Der Inhalt
· Theoretische Grundlagen der Logistik und der Nachhaltigkeit
· Der Schlüssel zur Nachhaltigkeit – Schlüsselthemen in der Logistik
· Grundlagen der Nachhaltigkeitsberichterstattung
· Praxisleitfaden – In fünf Schritten zum Nachhaltigkeitsbericht
Die Autoren
Prof. Dr. phil. Dirk Lohre ist Professor für Verkehrslogistik und logistische Dienstleistungen im Studiengang Verkehrsbetriebswirtschaft und Logistik an der Hochschule Heilbronn und Leiter des Steinbeis-Beratungszentrums für Spedition und Logistik.
Prof. Dr. rer. nat. Roland Pfennig ist Professor für Wirtschaftsinformatik im Studiengang Verkehrsbetriebswirtschaft und Logistik an der Hochschule Heilbronn, geschäftsführender Direktor des INVL (Institut für Nachhaltigkeit in Verkehr und Logistik) und Beauftragter für nachhaltige Entwicklung an der Hochschule Heilbronn.
Viktoria Poerschke, M.A., ist Projektmitarbeiterin im Steinbeis-Beratungszentrum Spedition und Logistik mit Beratungsschwerpunkt Grüne Logistik und Nachhaltigkeit.
Ruben Gotthardt, M.A., ist Projektleiter beim Steinbeis-Beratungszentrum Spedition und Logistik in Heilbronn.
Der Digitalisierungsprozess in der Industrie eröffnet der Wirtschaft ein riesiges Innovationspotenzial, mit der sie ihre Wettschöpfungs- und Leistungsfähigkeit deutlich verbessern kann. Im Mittelpunkt des Zukunftskonzepts Industrie 4.0 steht zurzeit die Effizient der Produktionsprozesse. Die Verfügbarkeit von Echtzeitdaten an sämtlichen Schnittstellen der Supply Chain eröffnet auch Logistikdienstleistern Möglichkeiten, an aktuellen Entwicklungen zu partizipieren und ihr Leistungsportfolio optimal zu gestalten. Der FIR e. V. an der RWTH Aachen schafft mit dem Begriff „Enterprise-Integration“ einen Ordnungsrahmen für Logistikdienstleister, der drei interdisziplinäre Forschungsfelder vereint und auf eine vollständig integrative Gestaltung komplexer Wertschöpfungssysteme fokussiert, um zukünftige Herausforderungen im Kontext Industrie 4.0 zu meistern.
„Handel ist Wandel“. Kurz und prägnant drückt dies aus, dass sich Rahmenbedingungen im Handel fortwährend verändern. Das gilt nach wie vor und erst recht in Zeiten von E-Commerce, der einschneidende und nachhaltige Veränderungen des Handels mit sich brachte und wohl auch weiter mit sich bringen wird. Diese Entwicklung hat die Welt des Handels nicht nur, aber auch in Deutschland nachhaltig geprägt. Allgemein gesprochen verlieh der elektronische Handel dem Versand- beziehungsweise Distanzhandel einen enormen Umsatz-Schub.
Dieses Buch vermittelt die Grundlagen und praktischen Anwendungen der IT-gestützten Logistik. Anhand der logistischen Prozesskette – von der Beschaffungs- und Produktionslogistik bis zur Distributionslogistik – werden die wichtigsten Konzepte und Tools vorgestellt. Zahlreiche anschauliche Fallbeispiele geben einen strukturierten Einblick in das Management IT-gestützter Logistik, die Erfolgsfaktoren sowie Rahmenbedingungen für eine effiziente Steuerung logistischer Abläufe durch IT.
Neu in der 3. Auflage
Aktuelle Entwicklungen, die sich in Schlagworten und Konzepten wie Digitalisierung, Industrie 4.0, Smart Factory oder Big Data niedergeschlagen haben, werden in ihren Grundzügen erläutert, die Auswirkungen auf die Logistik aufgezeigt und die heutige bzw. zukünftige Rolle der IT-gestützten Logistik diskutiert. Intelligente Bausteine wie Cyber-Physische Systeme ergänzen das Kapitel zu funktionsübergreifenden Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien.
Der Inhalt
Grundlagen der IT-gestützten Logistik
IT-gestütztes Logistiksystem
Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien als Enabler
Prozesse und Anwendungen der IT-gestützten Logistik: Beschaffungs-, Produktions-, Lager-, (Re-)Distributions-, Instandhaltungslogistik, Supply Chain
Geschäftsprozessgestaltung
Handlungsleitende Kontextfaktoren IT-gestützter Logistik: Sicherheit – Nachhaltigkeit – Nutzen – Controlling
Die Autorin
Prof. Dr. Iris Hausladen lehrt am Heinz Nixdorf-Lehrstuhl für IT-gestützte Logistik der HHL Leipzig Graduate School of Management.
Online verfügbar unter www.degruyter.com/ search?f_0=isbnissn&q_0=9783486839869& searchTitles=true
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Aktionsplan Güterverkehr und Logistik -nachhaltig und effizient in die Zukunft
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