Multistage Sampling Technique and Estimating Sample Size for a Descriptive Study on Viewers’ Perception of TV Commercials
... Cochran's (1977) formula was used to calculate the sample size for the study. This formula is considered fit for a large population (Yarahmadi, 2020). The result is shown in Table 2 for various confidence intervals and marginal errors. ...
... The universities were selected to reflect the three major regions in Northern, Western, and Eastern Nigeria. This method is justified since the research is based on Yarahmadi's (2020) argument that the multistage sampling technique divides large populations into smaller groups to make the selection process more practical. Also, he stated that this technique is used when the population is spread over a wide geographical region and it is difficult to procure a representative sample with only one technique. ...
This research proposes a theory that ameliorates the deficiencies of agenda-setting, two-step flow, and third-person effect theories that are linear in explaining the influence of mass media on their audience. Whereas postmodernism abhors universality because, in reality, different groupings of individuals in different societies receive and respond to media messages differently depending on the influence of both internal and exogenous variables in the society in any communication process. These lacunas in the theories birthed the environment dynamo theory which does not intend to replace but to capture the idea that science, psychology, ethnography, and technology have broadened the understanding of the nuances that determine the relationship between the media and audience, and vice versa. The environment dynamo theory cumulatively created a web to explain media effects in society based on three components that are intricately interwoven - the audience, media, and environment.
... Purposely, subject librarians and distance learning librarians were chosen to share their experiences in the qualitative study. Cochran's (1977) sample size formula determined the sample size for the study, with this formula considered fit for a large population (Yarahmadi 2020). The sample size for the study was 1,269, which constituted 747 undergraduate students and 522 postgraduate students from 26 study centers. ...
The plans and activities of academic libraries revolve around a user-centered approach to make noticeable improvements in the use of library resources and services. The purpose of this study was to examine library support strategies for the effective utilization of library support services and resources by distance-learning students. The research was conducted at the University of Education, Winneba, and the University of Cape Coast with distance learning students. A mixed-method approach was used, with 1170 students participating in quantitative research and 12 students and six (6) librarians participating in qualitative research, with Astin’s (1993) Input-Environment-Output Model guiding the study. The findings of the study identified a lack of organized strategies for the use of library resources and services among distance learning students. The study proposed a model to improve the use of library resources and services among distance learning students.
... The completion of the questionnaire and the collection of information are conducted from this sample in order to carry out the research. One of the most widely used methods in choosing the sample size from the target population is Cochran's formula as Eq. 1, in which n is the minimum number of required samples, N is the size of the study population, a is the confidence interval, and p is the estimated proportion of the population (Yarahmadi, 2020). ...
Residential location choice is a crucial topic in transportation planning research since land use as well as residential land use can significantly affect a city's attractiveness for development and residence. Understanding the factors that influence households in their residential location choice is essential for policymakers to evaluate the effect of their decisions. In this study, the impact of transportation factors on the attractiveness of residential areas was investigated in Qazvin city, Iran, using the stated preference (SP) method and structural equation modeling (SEM). The results indicated that the type of housing and private house preference were significant factors influencing the residential location choice. Additionally, proximity to health centers, low pollution levels, and access to public transportation and taxi stations were the top priorities for residents when choosing a place to live. Notably, households with children in education had a greater emphasis on air pollution and the proximity to taxi stations, as these factors could affect their children's health and education. Overall, the findings suggested that transportation factors played a critical role in the residential location choice and that policymakers should prioritize public transportation and taxi services, as well as reduce pollution levels, to make residential areas more attractive and livable for Qazvin residents.
This chapter takes a unique approach by using UNESCO’s media and information literacy competency framework to assess how digital media literacy influences the acceptance and use of e-governance services among the citizens in Ghana. The chapter relies on a study that employed an online questionnaire hosted by QuestionPro and exploratory-based designs with a mixed approach (multiphase) to investigate how media literacy levels revolutionised the use of e-governance services. The study sampled (n = 690) Ghanaian citizens in the Greater Accra and Bono regions. The survey questionnaire comprised 56 Likert scale questions and 4 open-ended questions. The findings show that media literacy is vital and traction for citizens’ acceptance and use of e-governance services. Digital media literacy has also improved citizen’s ease of use of e-governance services, especially during non-working days of the week. The chapter concludes that rigorous evaluation, validation, and the development of best-practice standards for digital services are greatly needed to ensure a fundamental level of quality and safety when citizens use these tools.
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