An Applied Guide to Research Designs: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods
... Next, we applied second-cycle pattern coding to organize our material into themes and concepts across participants [39]. During this process, the researchers reflected on general questions such as: "What is going on in the participants' stories?" and "What role do relationships play in their service provision". ...
... During this process, the researchers reflected on general questions such as: "What is going on in the participants' stories?" and "What role do relationships play in their service provision". We created a coding tree and wrote analytical memos for all potential themes identified during the analysis [39]. This process involved delving into each interview to capture the essence of the participants' stories and identifying overarching narratives across interviews. ...
... This however increased the retrospective nature of our participants' narratives and assessments which could be considered a limitation as certain experiences are highlighted, and others are forgotten in hindsight. This thus introduced a potential recollection bias which the authors had to be conscious about throughout the research process [39]. ...
Background
Therapeutic relationships are vital for patients with complex and long-term psychosocial needs, yet such patients often face fragmented and unstable relationships within mental healthcare. These patients are more often than others moved between treatment settings and caregiving teams. Statutory obligations strain the relationships with frequent hospitalizations adding to the burden This study explores how these patients perceive and navigate therapeutic relationships, highlighting both positive and negative experiences across various treatment settings.
Methods
This is a qualitative study with a narrative approach utilizing in-depth interviews focusing on participants personal experiences and perceptions. We utilized purposive sampling to recruit patients with extensive hospitalization experience, operationalized as more than four admissions within one year or more than four successive weeks of hospitalization. Our sample consisted of 16 participants, twelve women and four men. The interviews were analyzed using a holistic-content approach.
Results
We found that therapeutic relationships were built on healthcare professionals recognizing and addressing patients’ needs and advocating for their interests within the service system. Participants described therapeutic relationships as sources of collaboration, stability, and support but found them challenging to sustain due to fear of rejection and institutional barriers. Successful relationships worked as a vital buffer, offering protection against malpractices and depersonalized care.
Conclusion
Therapeutic relationships play a crucial role in supporting patients with complex needs, but relational dilemmas and malignant group dynamics often impede their development. Mental healthcare services have an ethical responsibility to foster and maintain therapeutic environments and professional cultures that enable personalized care, while maintaining boundaries through reflective practices.
... The correlational research design (not to be confused with correlational statistics) is further divided into the explanatory design and prediction research designs. This study utilized the prediction type of the correlational research design that seeks to examine whether the (naturally occurring) independent variables influence a naturally occurring dependent variable (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2013). The design does not involve manipulation of the variables, but any link between the independent variables and the dependent variable is examined retrospectively (Colwell, 2006). ...
... For the qualitative data, the study utilized the descriptive research design. According to Edmonds & Kennedy (2013), the descriptive research design is utilized for the purposes of describing the research phenomenon as it is on the ground without any alterations. This descriptive research design is thus ideal for the qualitative data that was collected on the ground. ...
Objective: This research examined how institutional culture influences the implementation of rural electrification projects in Kenya's central rift region. Previous studies identified innovative, bureaucratic, and supportive cultures as influential factors in project management, but hadn't specifically addressed rural electrification contexts. Theoretical Framework: The Resource-Based View Theory, Theory of Constraints, and Stakeholder Management Theory were applied to provide a robust understanding of the strategic and operational implications of these electrification initiatives. Method: Using a pragmatism research paradigm and correlational design with a target population of 646 rural electrification projects under Rural Electrification and Renewable Energy Corporation (REREC). Data was collected from 142 respondents (from a population of 219), including contractors, project managers, and supervisors, using structured questionnaires. Results and Discussion: Results revealed a strong positive correlation (r = .827, p < .001) between institutional culture and project implementation. Regression analysis showed institutional culture as a significant predictor (t = 15.803, p < 0.05) of successful implementation, with each unit increase in institutional culture corresponding to a 0.720 unit increase in implementation effectiveness. Research Implications: The findings reveal that institutional culture plays a foundational role in shaping the success of these projects. It drives the importance of fostering a supportive and collaborative environment, which is essential for effective project execution. Originality/Value: This study offers a novel contribution as it uniquely contextualizes institutional culture. The study not only confirms a strong, statistically significant relationship but also establishes institutional culture as a predictive factor of project success. It provides practical insights for policymakers, implementers, and development agencies seeking to enhance infrastructure delivery in similar socio-institutional environments.
... Photovoice methodology (Aboulkacem et al., 2021;Wang & Burris, 1997) informed our research process, allowing participants to self-select memes, discuss their significance, and describe their dissemination to online networks. A mixed methods analysis (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2016) combining qualitative thematic analysis, post-hoc nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), and multivariate correlational analysis was used to assess convergence between qualitative themes and quantitative measures. ...
... As part of our mixed-methods approach, we conducted concurrent qualitative interviews and quantitative baseline surveys in parallel (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2016). The research protocol and informed consent process were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Yale University (IRB# 2000021580) and the University of Georgia. ...
Creative and humorous activism, both online and offline, has historically been important for queer communities during public health crises like the AIDS epidemic. Online activism and affinity became critical during the COVID-19 pandemic due to reduced in-person healthcare, social support, and resources. General functions of online meme humor expanded during COVID-19, including using dark humor and defining in-group political values and positions. In the current study, we used a convergent, mixed methods approach informed by COR theory and Photovoice methodology to examine the use of memes by sexual minority men and nonbinary individuals (SMMNI; N = 43) during COVID-19, including the role of memes in promoting humor, coping, and online community-building. We analyzed the content of participant-selected memes (n = 53), their experiences described in semi-structured interviews, and surveys about demography, online networks, and technology use and attitudes. Almost all memes contained text- and/or image-based humor, and most used dark humor. Participants' descriptions of memes during interviews hierarchically clustered in four distinct meme-related strategies: Validation-seeking, Community-seeking, Personal coping and social advocacy, and Systemic advocacy. Current study findings have implications for community healthcare praxis and research, including the importance of participatory research, intervention development in collaboration with queer communities, and online resources to improve public health and health literacy.
... The achieved sample size of 451 exceeded the minimum required sample of 137, as determined using G*Power 3.1.9.7 for detecting a medium effect size in a mixed-method study. This sample size enhances the study's statistical power and generalizability (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017). While voluntary response sampling can be efficient and cost-effective, some of its limitations include 1. potential for self-selection bias (Bethlehem, 2010); 2. over-representation of individuals with strong opinions (i.e., those with particularly strong views on AI in education might be more likely to participate, potentially skewing results (Greenacre, 2016); and 3. limited generalizability (Etikan et al., 2016). ...
... In addition, the author also used triangulation methods of quantitative and qualitative data to make the research phenomena more comprehensive and, therefore, minimize the possibility of single-source bias, according to Edmonds & Kennedy (2017). Following the best practices of reporting identified by Taber (2018), declaring these limitations within the discussion of results and their implications helped to make it transparent regarding the constraints pertinent to the study. ...
AI rapidly reshapes learning landscapes from highly industrialized countries to those that are still in development, such as the Philippines. However, limited studies have been conducted on how such AI tools are adopted and perceived by college students within a non-urban higher education context. This study fills the gap by investigating the adoption, perceptions, and ethical implications of AI tools among rural Philippine college students through a sequential explanatory mixed-method cross-section survey approach, drawing its base from 451 students in a rural state college in Cebu, Philippines, from May to June 2024. IBM SPSS version 26.0 was used to conduct the statistical analyses, while theme analyses were done using MAXQDA version 2020. Among the respondents, all had used AI tools, while the greater proportion of these students (78.54%) used ChatGPT. Further, the students strongly believed that AI was easy to use (M = 5.13; SD = ±1.58) and helpful in their learning (M = 5.17; SD = ±1.53). On the contrary, students were concerned about incorrect or biased information (M=5.35, SD=±1.40), impact on critical thinking (M=5.04, SD=±1.77), and potential for cheating (M=5.39, SD=±1.50) while utilizing these AI tools. Also, only 17.29% of the students knew its institutional policies regarding the use of AI. This study indicates the essentiality of creating clear institutional guidelines for the use of AI, devising programs on AI literacy, and revisiting the assumption about the digital divide in rural higher education institutions. These findings also have policy implications in view of curriculum development and ethics for integrating AI into higher education contexts and carve out a need for educational strategies that make use of the benefits offered through AI while actively cultivating students' critical thinking skills and academic integrity.
... The descriptive design entails the explanation of the following characteristics: (a) narration of what happens in individual's lives by individuals, (b) the setting or circumstantial factors supporting the phenomena, (c) the interaction between individual stories and the culture they are happening within, (d) how certain life experiences impact individual's storyline. The nature of certain events and the definition of what is available to participants in relation to their experiences are thus subject to descriptive design (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017). ...
Emotions are important in the educational processes, influencing teachers' interactions while trying to teach in real and online classes. Therefore, this study investigated the transitional emotions experienced by English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers as they shifted from real/in-person classroom settings to online teaching, using an emotional geography model. Moreover, we aimed to explore the emotion regulation strategies that they used during their transitioning. Following a descriptive narrative design, we probed the transitional emotions of 10 Iranian EFL teachers while transitioning from real to online classrooms. The findings of the thematic analysis showed five key themes. First, physical geography may enhance cognitive change, resulting in positive emotions. Second, issues with the internet negatively impact classroom quality, leading to negative emotions. Third, situational modifications may help teachers adapt and meet their instructional needs amidst online challenges. Fourth, attentional deployment may serve as a strategy for improving professional geography. Lastly, situation selection and response modulation may aid in the development of moral and socio-cultural geography. These themes illustrate the interconnection between emotion regulation strategies and geographical models of emotions, highlighting their importance in transitioning from real to online teaching. Therefore, we concluded that emotion regulation strategies were helpful in solving the challenges that EFL teachers faced concerning their transitional emotions.
... This requires quantitative work to compare the distribution of categories of text-image relationships across the picture books. As suggested by Edmonds and Kennedy (2017), quantitative approach is a well-suited approach to address this need. ...
Children’s picture books apply a levelling system to adjust linguistic complexity according to the reader’s developmental stage. Despite having constitutive elements of text and images, their interdependent relationships within this system receive less attention. While the relationships of texts and images in picture books have been extensively studied, there is still a gap in understanding how these relationships adapt across different reading levels. Applying Halliday’s systematic functional linguistics (2004), Kress and Leeuwen’s multimodal approach (2021), and Nikolajeva and Scott’s approach to picture books (2006), this research qualitatively and quantitatively examined thirty-four text-image pairs from two children’s picture books at low and high reading levels. This study aimed to reveal whether such an adaptation exists and, if so, to what extent. The findings confirm that an increasing complexity in text-image relationships. The lower-level picture book exhibits three types of text-image relationships: enhancing, complementary, and counterpointing. The higher-level book, however, shows four types, incorporating a contradictory relationship alongside the other three. These findings suggest that the increasing complexity in children’s picture books occurs not only in linguistic aspects but also within multimodal relationships between texts and images, highlighting the need for picture book authors and educators to design or select picture books that progressively introduce multimodal complexity.
... Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden fenomenoloji (olgubilim) desen ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Fenomeloji olayları, durumları, kavramları, deneyimleri incelemek ve açıklamak için sosyal bilimlerdeki araştırmalarda kullanılır (Sönmez & Alacapınar, 2018). Fenomenoloji bireyin anlık deneyimlerinin tanımlanması olarak ifade edilmektedir (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017). Bu çalışmalar verilen olgunun özünü açıklamak için yapılan çalışmalardır; çalışmaya dahil olan katılımcılar, araştırılan olguyla ilgili deneyimleri bulunduğu için seçilmektedi (Kocabıyık, 2016). ...
Bu araştırmada, özel yetenekli öğrencilerin BİLSEM’e ilişkin algılarının metaforlar yoluyla ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan fenomenolojik (olgu bilim) desen ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2023-2024 eğitim öğretim yılında Samsun Bilim ve Sanat Merkezine kayıt olan destek eğitim programı öğrencileri ile merkezin kayıtlı proje programı öğrencileri oluşturmaktadır. Toplamda 138 öğrencinin katıldığı araştırmada veriler ‘Bilsem ………………… gibidir çünkü …………………’ metafor cümlesi kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin toplamda 54 metafor ürettiği çalışmada, destek eğitim programı öğrencileri için eğitim yönüyle BİLSEM, eğlenceli yönüyle BİLSEM, keşfedici yönüyle BİLSEM, doğa yönüyle BİLSEM temaları oluşturulurken; proje programı öğrencileri için rehber ve destek veren yönüyle BİLSEM, doğa ve çevre yönüyle BİLSEM, eğitim yönüyle BİLSEM, mekân yönüyle BİLSEM temaları oluşturulmuştur. Destek eğitim programı öğrencilerinin en çok kullandığı metaforlar eğlence, okul ve kitap olurken; proje programı öğrencilerinin en çok kullandığı metaforlar aile, pusula ve rahatlama yeri olmuştur. Bulgular öğrencilerin BİLSEM’i sadece bir öğrenme ortamı olarak değil, bir eğlence merkezi, bir keşif alanı olarak gördüklerini göstermektedir. Araştırma öğrencilerin BİLSEM’de rahatladıklarını, BİLSEM’in aile sıcaklığında bir mekân olduğunu ve öğrencilerin BİLSEM’i ufuklarını genişletmeyi amaçlayan, herkese yetenekleri doğrultusunda eğitim verilen, her zaman doğru yönü buldurmaya çalışılan bir ortam olarak gördükleri sonucunu ortaya koymaktadır.
... This study follows the Good Reporting of a Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) Checklist framework. A convergent design is a type of mixed methods design in which researchers collect and analyze two independent datasets-quantitative and qualitative-and then merge these datasets to compare or integrate the results (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2016). Therefore, we utilized two toolkits: Work Package 1 involved demographic information, the Acculturative Stress Scale (Sandhu & Asrabadi, 1994), the Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003b), the Loneliness Scale (Russell, 1996), and the Cope Scale (Carver et al., 1989) for collecting quantitative data via the Chinese Questionnaire Star platform. ...
Introduction The Belt and Road Initiative has increased international student enrollment in China, bringing challenges like diverse student preparedness and cross-cultural adaptation issues. Effective adaptation is essential for students' academic success and mental health, yet limited research exists on medical students' adaptation in China’s prefectural cities. Objectives This study is to examine the levels of cultural adaptation stress, psychological resilience, loneliness, and coping strategies among international medical students studying in clinical medical centers in China, explore the relationships between these factors, and identify the main challenges they face along with their support needs, providing recommendations for future interventions and policies. Design A convergent mixed methods approach was used, with quantitative data collected via “Questionnaire Star” using scales for Cultural Adaptation Stress, Psychological Resilience, Loneliness, and Coping Style. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured focus groups, analyzed thematically. Methods The study was conducted in a medical center in a prefectural city in Sichuan, China, recruiting 25 international students for surveys and 20 for focus groups. Results Mean scores for Acculturative Stress, Resilience, Loneliness, and Coping were 127.4 ± 17.8, 70.0 ± 12.2, 46.2 ± 6.1, and 144.7 ± 15.9, respectively. Coping correlated positively with resilience (r = 0.464, P < 0.05) and negatively with loneliness (r = -0.450, P < 0.05). Four themes emerged: motivations for studying in China, cross-cultural experiences, challenges, and training needs. Conclusion Students from Belt and Road Initiative countries face adaptation challenges in China. Enhancing coping strategies and providing targeted support may improve their cross-cultural adaptation and well-being.
... Phenomenology design seeks to reveal the meaning and essence of an experienced phenomenon by starting from the experiences of individuals or groups. According to Edmonds and Kennedy (2017), phenomenology is the description of a person's fleeting experiences. In this research, the phenomenology design is considered suitable as the aim is to uncover the underlying reasons for foreign teachers leaving Türkiye and their schools and how they make sense of their experiences during this process. ...
Teacher mobility has emerged as one of the most prominent issues in the field of education in recent years. Accordingly, the number of foreign teachers coming to work in Türkiye, as well as those leaving Türkiye and the schools they work at for various reasons, is increasing daily. The study aimed to determine the factors leading foreign teachers working in foreign private schools to leave Türkiye and the schools they work in. The phenomenology of qualitative research methods was used in the study, conducting in-depth interviews with 21 foreign teachers using semi-structured questions. The data obtained were categorised into themes using content analysis method. The factors causing foreign teachers to leave Türkiye and their respective schools were divided into six distinct themes: country-related, school-related, school management-related, personal, economic, and factors outside of school life. The research revealed reasons surrounding these six themes for foreign teachers who leave Türkiye and their schools, offering recommendations to researchers and school administrators on retaining qualified foreign teachers who come to Türkiye and ensuring their long-term stay.
... Otras clínicas privadas en Bahía, Brasil. Dado que la muestra se centra en una sola entidad con características particulares, incluir otras clínicas podría generar variabilidad debido a las diferencias en el entorno económico o regulatorio (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017). ...
Objetivo: Evaluar la liquidez y rentabilidad de la clínica adventista FADBA en Brasil, a través de la revisión de sus estados financieros de los periodos 2021 al 2023. Métodos: Cuantitativo, descriptivo y no experimental, lo cual permitió realizar un análisis de la situación financiera. Resultados: Se midieron a través de la prueba de Wilcoxon, que indicó valores significativos (p < 0,05) en las estrategias de corto a largo plazo, mostrando mejoras en la gestión y toma de decisiones financieras. El ROE muestra un incremento significativo en los años objeto de estudio con respecto a la eficiencia del capital propio. El ROA presenta mejoras en la gestión de los activos que maximizaron los ingresos. Estos resultados sugieren una planificación más robusta, un monitoreo permanente de los indicadores que logran medir la rentabilidad a largo plazo de la clínica. Conclusiones: Una adecuada gestión financiera influye de forma positiva en el crecimiento y estabilidad de la organización.
... This study used an exploratory research strategy. Exploratory research aims to identify recognized and unidentified elements and assess pre-existing theories (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017). When you want to learn more about an issue, subject, or occurrence, but need to gain knowledge of its entirety, exploratory research might be helpful. ...
Employee rewards are crucial for motivating and recognizing organizational contributions. However, organizations frequently overlook the elements (financial and non-financial rewards) that motivate employees. Most organizations lack tools and tactics to motivate employees, and the worst part is that a toxic work environment demotivates employees. This study aimed to investigate and understand how employee rewards affect motivation in a toxic environment as a moderating variable. Exploratory research was conducted for this review. Information was gathered from online publications, dissertations, online databases, and books relevant to the topic. Financial benefits are the most effective motivator for most employees; however, selected individuals are driven by intrinsic rewards. Money alone is not always sufficient to motivate employees. Regardless of these benefits, a hostile work environment motivates employees. To foster a healthy work environment, organizations must train managers and staff in professionalism, fairness, positivism, and workplace culture. Employees or managers acting toxically toward other staff members should be addressed immediately. This study emphasizes the value of reward systems in a nontoxic workplace. Organizations can promote greater job satisfaction, which in turn lowers absenteeism and increases employee motivation levels, ultimately boosting total economic production by eliminating the toxic aspects that may impair motivation.
... A combination of purposive and snowball sampling was employed to recruit participants, with recruitment flyers shared via professional groups' social media portals. 25 Participants were recruited via phone calls, and interviews were conducted during their break hours at the hospital. All recruitment and interview activities were completed between January 2022 and June 2022. ...
Background: Sierra Leone’s health system has faced significant challenges, including the long-term impacts of the 2014 Ebola outbreak, prolonged conflicts before that, and economic factors contributing to the fragility of healthcare systems in many low-income settings. This qualitative study explores COVID-19 prevention practices among healthcare workers in the context of their past experiences with disease outbreaks. Aim: This study aims to understand COVID-19 prevention practices among healthcare workers in Sierra Leone and how their past experiences with disease outbreaks influence these practices. Setting: The study was conducted in three districts of Sierra Leone – Freetown, Makeni and Kenema – focusing on healthcare workers in a low-income setting with ongoing public health challenges. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with 24 healthcare workers, and the data were analysed for themes using the Health Belief Model and Theory of Planned Behaviour. Results: Healthcare workers demonstrated positive attitudes and strict adherence to infection prevention measures, influenced by their Ebola outbreak experience. Barriers included limited personal protective equipment and social disapproval. Conclusion: Interventions should focus on improving access to infection prevention tools and combating disapproval through community engagement. These findings are crucial for enhancing infectious disease prevention among healthcare workers in low-income settings. Contribution: This study provides insights into how past outbreak experiences influence disease prevention practices among healthcare workers in Sierra Leone, highlighting the need to address adherence barriers. These findings contribute to a broader understanding of infectious disease prevention in low-income settings and enhance global efforts in preparing for future public health emergencies.
... In this case, the researcher used random sampling to select 30 university undergraduates and purposively sampled 15 lecturers from Saint Thomas University of Mozambique (USTM). This sampling approach ensures that participants possess the relevant knowledge and experience to provide valuable insights into graduate employment expectations and challenges in the country (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2020). Apart from that, five employers were selected through purposive sampling as they are essential in employing undergraduates from both public and private higher learning institutions in Mozambique. ...
The present research investigates the employability expectations of graduates from Saint Thomas University of Mozambique (USTM). It aims to analyze the extent to which these expectations align with the current conditions of the Mozambican labour market. The study employed qualitative research, and a case study design was adopted. Fifty participants, including students and faculty members, were engaged in this study and gathered input from employers to understand the challenges and opportunities graduates face. The researcher selected 30 students, 15 lecturers, and five employers using random sampling techniques. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis. The data were then analyzed using Nvivo software to generate codes and themes. The results indicated a significant gap between what graduates expect from USTM and the available employment opportunities. Among the issues identified by employers was skill mismatch, while graduates in Mozambique expressed frustration about limited internship opportunities and competitiveness in the job market. The study also identifies resource constraints and inadequate industry collaboration as systemic issues in private universities. Regarding their students' readiness for employment, this study recommends incorporating practical training into academic programs, strengthening partnerships between private universities and employers, enhancing career counselling, and promoting entrepreneurship as a viable career option. This research contributes to the broader debate on employability in Mozambique while providing insights for policymakers, educators, and industry leaders to create a more inclusive and effective pathway to employment for university graduates
... Embarking on the same, the research questions (What and How) were constructed with the same intent, to give voices of the locals on descriptive level, avoiding unnecessary infiltration to the continuing phenomena. Descriptive research designs explore any phenomena related to life experiences in a narrative way with reference to individual, group and condition (Edmonds and Kennedy 2017). The current study in this regard was oriented in the same direction, hence a reason to select descriptive design. ...
Being recalled as heritage heaven i.e. Swat, attracts purposeful and casual cultural tourists both domestic and international. Eventually, tourists and host community face each other with respective cultures exposed as well. This study has been conducted to look at this relationship. Qualitative strategy has been adopted to get exhaustive perspectives from the local populace. Three sub-locales including Bazira of Barikot, the Ghaznavid Mosque of Udegram and Swat Museum of Saidu Sharif, have been selected to see that how local make and remake their cultural identities with respect to these cultural tourism sites. Findings of this study reveal that there is significant role of cultural tourism sites of Swat in shaping the cultural identity of the populace.
... TÜBİTAK 2209-A Projesi gerçekleştirmiş veya gerçekleştirmekte olan matematik öğretmeni adaylarının proje sürecindeki deneyimlerini detaylı bir şekilde ortaya koymak amacıyla araştırma olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseni üzerine temellendirilmiştir. Olgubilim (fenomenoloji) deseni, bireylerin deneyimlerine dayalı olgu ve olayları açığa çıkarmayı hedefleyen bir araştırma desenidir (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017;Patton, 2014). ...
Bu araştırmada, TÜBİTAK 2209-A Üniversite Öğrencileri Araştırma Projesi gerçekleştirmiş matematik öğretmeni adaylarının proje sürecindeki deneyimlerinin ve yaşadıkları zorlukların/sorunların araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma paradigmasının benimsendiği ve olgubilim deseniyle yürütülen araştırmanın katılımcıları, farklı üniversitelerde öğrenim gören, söz konusu projeyi yürütmüş/yürütmekte olan on üç matematik öğretmeni adayıdır. Araştırmanın verilerini yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerin video-ses kayıtları oluşturmaktadır. Veriler araştırmacılar tarafından transkript edilmiş ve içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilerek kod ve kategoriler oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmanın bulgularında katılımcıları proje yazmaya teşvik eden durumların fakültelerde verilen bazı derslerin, arkadaş çevresinin ve öğretim elemanlarının yönlendirmelerinin olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcılar proje sürecinde genel olarak literatür taraması, akademik yazım ve dil, etik kurul izni, bütçe yönetimi, yabancı dil, veri toplama ve toplanan verileri analiz etme gibi konularda zorluk/sorun yaşamışlardır. Proje deneyimlerinin katılımcılara bilimsel araştırma süreç deneyimi, mesleki ve kişisel gelişim, lisansüstü eğitime hazırlık konularında katkı sağladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca katılımcılar proje akademik danışmanlarının; proje sürecinde destekleyen, teşvik eden, yönlendiren ve dönütlerde bulunan roller üstlendiklerini belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcılar gelecekte TÜBİTAK 2209-A projesi gerçekleştirecek üniversite öğrencilerine ilgi duydukları konuyu belirlemeleri ve kapsamlı bir literatür taraması gerçekleştirmeleri, fikirlerini son sınıfa bırakmamaları, ulaşılabilir ve iletişim kurulabilir bir akademik danışman tercih etmeleri gibi önerilerde bulundukları ortaya koyulmuştur.
... This design aims to identify and reveal similarities or differences between results. Data collections allow analysis through different aspects and combining both methodologies as well as reducing their weaknesses (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017). ...
... A purposive sampling strategy was employed to select the research sites and participants. This ensured that participants had relevant knowledge of the phenomenon being researched (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017). The sample of this study totalled 32 secondary school educators. ...
The aim of this article is to delve into the rationale driving the advancement of learners and emphasise the significance of implementing the Progression Policy (PP) in schools in South Africa. Additionally, it seeks to examine educators' perspectives and experiences regarding the PP, explore potential measures to support educators in effectively implementing this policy through instructional activities, and investigate the effect of the PP on educators' job satisfaction in secondary schools. Drawing upon Vroom's expectancy theory, this study employs an explanatory research approach to gain a comprehensive understanding of how the PP influences educators' job satisfaction. Purposeful and convenient sampling were utilised to gather responses from 32 secondary school educators through questionnaires. The findings reveal that the implementation of the PP has a discernible effect on educators' job satisfaction, with data indicating a notable decrease in satisfaction post-implementation compared to pre-implementation.
... This study employs a qualitative method with a case study approach to examine the theological reflection of the people of Medan City in the aftermath of a natural disaster, particularly in understanding the concepts of tawhid of the sky (heavenly oneness) and tawhid of the earth (earthly oneness) (Weyant, 2022). A case study approach is chosen because the study aims to deeply explore the phenomenon of the theological and social relationships formed in a specific context, namely the aftermath of the flash floods in Medan City (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2020). This study comprehensively examines how the community interprets the concept of tawhid in the face of disaster impacts, and how this can form the basis for social and ecological actions. ...
This study explores the theological reflections of Medan city's residents following a natural disaster, focusing on the application of tawhid of the sky (the relationship between humans and God) and tawhid of the earth (the relationship between humans, others, and nature) in addressing ecological and social crises. It emphasizes the need for a holistic religious understanding to mitigate the impacts of increasingly frequent natural disasters and to enhance community ties with God and nature, thereby fostering social solidarity. The research uses a qualitative case study design with in-depth interviews with religious leaders, local officials, volunteers, and affected residents, supplemented by literature studies including the Qur'an, Hadith, and relevant Tafsir. Data analysis employs the interactive model by Miles, Huberman, and Saldana, with source triangulation to validate findings. Results reveal that the flood disaster in Medan prompted deep theological reflections, increasing awareness of the importance of spiritual relationships with God and responsibilities towards nature and others. The disaster is seen as a divine test and an opportunity to boost social and ecological awareness, also strengthening social solidarity through actions based on religious values. Challenges remain in implementing these principles in public policy and sustainable practices. Integration of tawhid values into disaster mitigation policies, environmental management, and community empowerment is recommended. Additionally, the study underscores the importance of SDG 17: Partnerships for the Goals in enhancing disaster response and resilience strategies, highlighting that effective multi-sector partnerships are crucial for comprehensive recovery and long-term community resilience.
... To assess acceptance and satisfaction with the standardized NFB manual, as well as its general feasibility, we chose a convergent parallel mixed methods approach. This entails collecting and analyzing qualitative and quantitative data and linking and comparing these diverse data types afterward [56]. While quantitative questionnaires were administered to the patients after finishing the treatment, the NFB practitioners (NPs) were given the opportunity to express their experiences in semi-structured interviews six months after the beginning of the implementation phase. ...
Despite the evidence for the effectiveness of neurofeedback (NFB) treatment, standardization is scarce, impairing comparability across studies and conditions. Therefore, the acceptance, satisfaction and feasibility of a standardized NFB manual with 14 sessions focused on sensory motor rhythm (SMR) reward and theta and high-beta reduction were evaluated. Methodology: This monocentric, prospective, interventional pilot study in an outpatient setting followed a mixed methods approach. Quantitative data were collected from patients through standardized questionnaires. Qualitative data were derived from interviews with NFB practitioners (NPs) and were analyzed using Mayring’s method of content analysis. Results: The analysis included 24 patients. The mean patient satisfaction (ZUF-8) was 20.81, reflecting moderate satisfaction. The average perceived system usability was 73.48, representing good acceptance. The majority (95.7%) of patients perceived the treatment to be feasible; 78.3% found it useful and would recommend it. Despite reoccurring technical difficulties, NPs perceived the manual to provide security and confidence during sessions. The clear instructions could partially compensate for the heterogeneity in expertise among NPs. Suggested improvements were intensified training on technical aspects and improved patient education. Conclusions: The developed NFB manual is a promising tool for delivering NFB in psychosomatic outpatient settings. It facilitates the establishment of standards, enhances quality assurance and ensures comparability across studies and treatments.
... To fully understand the perspectives of human services case managers, the current study solicited the perspectives of human services case managers in their natural professional settings, where they experience the phenomenon under study. As an inductive process, qualitative research utilizes the voice of the participants to understand the phenomenon under study in its naturally occurring environment (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017). ...
This study explores the perceptions of human services case managers regarding how past adverse childhood experiences shaped their professional practice. The sample consisted of 12 human services case managers, varying in age and experience and across several human service program disciplines. Seven themes and 20 patterns were identified as result of the data analysis process. The themes were: (a) perceived development of case management Superpowers; (b) recognition of the use of empathy as an essential job skill; (c) a perceived effect on self and career and resulting diminished capacity; (d) a perceived effect on career progression; (e) a perceived effect on professional competency and resulting unique skills and enhanced capacities; (f) development of coping mechanisms as a way to mitigate workplace stress; and (g) centering the sensory power of the lived experience as a means of elevating case management practice. The study’s findings provide new understanding concerning both the positive and negative effects of early childhood trauma exposure on case management practice. Furthermore, the study demonstrates how human services case managers, who experienced adverse childhood traumatic events, have processed their trauma experiences and have transformed those experiences to find a deeper meaning and purpose in their professional roles.
... In addition, the research focuses on an evaluative research design that entails methodical data gathering and examining the quality of the multimedia textbook materials, with particular emphasis on the methodology and approach. Furthermore, the quantitative method is employed to analyze the data obtained from the evaluation form (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017;Scharrer & Ramasubramanian, 2021). The evaluation result helps to understand how the respondents evaluate the textbook. ...
The development of listening textbooks in language education has become essential due to the critical role of listening skills in foreign language acquisition, especially the approach and methodology. The approach is how the listening textbook is put together, and methodology is the specific methods and steps used to put these theories into practice. The research investigated the respondents' perspectives on the approach and methodology in the listening textbook at one university in Indonesia. A quantitative research approach was utilized. There were nine respondents in the research: two linguists, one lecturer in the listening course, three students who had used the textbook, and three students who had not. The data collection was evaluation forms, which consisted of 18 statements. The evaluation form was utilized to collect the respondents' perspectives on the approach and methodology associated with the listening textbook. The findings demonstrate three main findings related to the approach and methodology based on the respondents' evaluation. First, the aims and objectives of the textbook are in line with the course's objective. Second, the textbook has a positive influence on the students' ability to listen. Third, the materials contained within the textbook are suitable for the students' ability level. The findings show the extent to which the listening textbook aligns with theoretical principles and practical teaching requirements. The findings can also assist textbook authors, educators, and curriculum designers in developing engaging and learner-centered listening materials that enhance the students' understanding.
... The subjects were 33 instructors from this school. Data collection methods included documentation, interviews, and questionnaires distribution (Edmonds, W.A., & Kennedy, 2017). Data analysis encompasses quantitative descriptive techniques, including validity and reliability testing, normality assessment, regression analysis, correlation coefficient determination, and hypothesis testing. ...
Job satisfaction is one of the factors that influence the achievement of successful educational goals. This factor is an exciting and vital research object in human resource management, especially in vocational education. This study attempts to reveal job description and communication's simultaneous and partial influence on teacher job satisfaction. This study is critical because understanding the factors that influence job satisfaction can help formulate more effective and strategic management policies, ultimately improving the overall quality of education. A total of 33 teachers were involved as the population and sample in this study, and data were collected through a survey. A questionnaire was developed as a research instrument, and the hypothesis was tested using the t-test and F-test. Multiple linear regression was applied to analyze the collected data. This study found that job description and communication simultaneously influenced teacher job satisfaction. In other words, based on the coefficient of determination, job description and communication simultaneously influenced job satisfaction by 58.4%, partially the largest 52% by job description and 38.2% by communication variables. Follow-up to this research is suggested to explore other factors that may influence teacher job satisfaction and develop interventions that can improve job descriptions and communication in the context of vocational education.
... This cross-sectional, mixed-methods study with an explanatory sequential design, involved two parts: (i) Online survey and functional assessment and (ii) Synchronous audiovisual online interviews [19]. Ethics was approved by the Macquarie University Human Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 5202210737833). ...
Background
Skeletal dysplasias are rare disorders affecting bone growth and development that impact functional performance. In Australia, the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) was rolled out in 2016 to support individuals with disabilities access reasonable and necessary supports to promote independence and quality of life. Anecdotally, Australians with skeletal dysplasias report challenges with accessing and using the NDIS but this has not previously been reported in the literature. Therefore, this study aims to explore the use and experience of NDIS for Australians with skeletal dysplasias.
Methods
This is a cross-sectional, mixed-methods study. Eligible participants included adults and children (represented by their parents) with skeletal dysplasias, irrespective of NDIS access. Participants completed an online survey, the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), or WeeFIM for paediatric participants, and semi-structured interviews exploring their NDIS access, use, and experience. Survey responses and FIM/WeeFIM results were analysed using descriptive statistics. Grounded theory approach and inductive thematic analysis was performed on qualitative data.
Results
Of the 14 participants (10 adults, 4 parents), nine (64%) had NDIS access. Six (66.7%) participants with access reported to be satisfied with their NDIS experience, two (22.2%) extremely satisfied, and one (11.1%) neutral. FIM (median 115.5/126, range 104–125) and WeeFIM (median 95.5/126, range 61–124) demonstrated all participants utilised assistance and/or equipment in daily activities. Three key themes identified through interviews: (1) Consistent, process-driven barriers, (2) Inconsistent, person-driven facilitators, and (3) Impact of NDIS.
Conclusion
Despite all participants demonstrating a need for assistance to achieve functional independence, experience and success in accessing the NDIS were varied. Both positive and negative impacts were reported when accessing, or attempting to access the NDIS. To promote more equal and equitable NDIS access for individuals with skeletal dysplasias, NDIS and condition-specific knowledge is recommended for all stakeholders. Finally, further evaluation is needed to ensure future NDIS eligibility changes provide access to those who are potentially eligible but currently rejected.
... Explanatory designs are used to reveal associations between two or more variables. In this design, data is collected at one point in time from a single group (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2016). This study aims to reveal the associations between children's emotional competence, self-regulation, and school adjustment. ...
Adjustment to preschool in early childhood refers to children's successful adaptation to the preschool environment. Attitudes towards school, and therefore school achievement in the subsequent years, are directly related to the child's adjustment to preschool. Children’s emotional competence and self-regulation are two important child-level factors affecting children’s adjustment to preschool. This descriptive study aimed to explore whether self-regulation acts as a mediator between emotional competence and the preschool adjustment of children. The mediation model was evaluated using linear and hierarchical regression analyses, along with a Sobel test. A total of 628 children (294 female; 334 male) from Istanbul participated in the study. Teachers (n= 53) who had known the children for at least two months before the study provided data. The study's results indicated that emotional competence and self-regulation are significant predictors of school adjustment. Notably, self-regulation partially mediates the association between emotional competence and preschool adjustment. Consequently, there exists an indirect link between emotional competence and preschool adjustment. The study highlighted the crucial role of self-regulation in mediating the relationship between emotional competence and school adjustment in preschool children. Findings suggested that strong emotional and self-regulation skills facilitate adaptation to preschool, whereas deficiencies in these areas lead to adjustment difficulties.
... In this study, a qualitative descriptive approach was selected to delve into the interaction between the customary law of Dalihan Na Tolu and Islamic values related to same-clan marriage in the Batak community (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2020;Weyant, 2022). This study utilizes primary data sources including verses of the Quran that pertain to marriage and Islamic principles, as well as articles discussing Dalihan Na Tolu as a reflection of Batak customs. ...
This research aims to analyse the interaction between the customary law of Dalihan Na Tolu and the doctrine of Islamic theology in the context of same-clan marriage in the Batak community, which has rarely been explored in depth. The urgency of this research arises from the need to understand how the Batak community manages conflicts between deep-rooted customary values and universal Islamic teachings, especially in the face of modernity and globalisation. This study aligns with the Sustainable Develpment Goals' focus on promoting just, peaceful, and inclusive societies (SDG 16). The methodology employed is descriptive qualitative, with primary data collection through extensive literature studies and document analysis related to Dalihan Na Tolu and Islamic doctrine. Secondary data involves a review of literature from related journals, books on Islamic theology, and reports on the social dynamics of the Batak community. Data analysis was conducted using the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, followed by source triangulation for validation. The results show that there is a complex dynamic between maintaining customary values and adapting to Islamic teachings, with the community progressively seeking ways to integrate and adjust both. The discussion reveals that despite value conflicts, the Batak community demonstrates flexibility in facing changes. Recommendations from this study are the need for a more inclusive and flexible approach in customary and religious policies, and the importance of dialogue between customary and religious leaders to achieve harmonious solutions. This research provides valuable insights into cultural sustainability and social identity in the multicultural context of Indonesia.
... Therefore, a quasi-experimental design was deemed appropriate to utilize intact classes (Fraenkel et al., 1993). As emphasized by scholars like Edmonds and Kennedy (2016), conducting a pre-test for both groups is essential to assess groups homogeneity before the intervention. Consequently, the experimental and control groups underwent SEB measurements before and after the treatment, as illustrated in Table 1. ...
This study sought to examine the effect of the Science Process Skills-Based Teaching Approach (SPSBTA) on students' scientific epistemological beliefs (SEBs). The study used a mixed-method research approach with a quasi-experimental design. Two schools with relatively organized laboratories were selected and randomly assigned to experimental and comparison groups, resulting in a sample of 78 students. Data were collected through a questionnaire, interview, and observation and quantitatively analyzed using mean, standard deviation, independent sample t-test, ANCOVA, and qualitatively with narration. The findings showed that the students in the experimental group who participated in the SPSBTA intervention demonstrated higher epistemological improvement than those in the comparison group. However, there was no statistically significant difference between genders. The study concludes that SPSBTA was more effective than the conventional method in improving SEBs. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that concerned bodies should encourage biology teachers to apply SPSBTA.
... The embedded units of analysis of the multiple-case study (Reference.Yin, 2017) Based on the research strategy outlined, a critical multiple-case study is employed to strengthen the generalization of results. The purposive case selection approach(Edmonds & Kennedy, 2016) guides the collection of pertinent data on the roles of DNs during the design innovation process. The specific criteria for selecting the critical multiple-case study are as follows: ...
Narratives have become increasingly prominent in both design and innovation management. As a fundamental aspect of human cognition and a mode of communication, the role of narrative in design and innovation processes has been emphasized. Human beings have been acknowledged as “homo narrans”, who, in and through stories, learn about, make sense of, and act in and on the world. They perceive, think, imagine and make ethical choices through narrative structures. Despite recent studies exploring the roles and characteristics of narratives and storytelling in design and innovation, there remains a gap in understanding how design narratives can influence innovation processes. This doctoral research aims to investigate the fundamental characteristics of design narratives in the design innovation process. By addressing the knowledge gap between design studies and innovation management studies, identified through both academic and practical reviews, this study seeks to establish a theoretical foundation for Design Narratives in innovation. Initially, the study constructs a conceptual framework to address the central issue. Through interdisciplinary conceptualization among design studies, innovation management, and narrative studies, following a contextual review, key premises and assumptions are woven together. Specifically, “Design Narratives as Worldmaking” can facilitate and coordinate the co-evolution of problem and solution spaces in the design innovation process. Subsequently, three dimensions of narratives—typologies, functions, and elements—are constructed to explore different aspects of narrative characteristics, which are fundamental facets argued in narratology. This research employs qualitative and exploratory research methods, grounded in a social constructivist worldview. Methodologically, it adopts a mixed method design, utilizing two qualitative methods: protocol analysis as the core component and a multiple-case study as a supplementary component. Following the initial research phase, which includes a contextual review, a systematic literature review, and expert interviews, the main research activity is defined as a mixed method design of the “QUAL+qual” model. The outcomes of this study have made significant contributions to both academia and practical applications in design community. It has generated valuable academic insights by enhancing our understanding of how design narratives impact the innovation process and by developing a conceptual framework based on existing theoretical and empirical knowledge. Moreover, this research promotes interdisciplinary collaboration and dialogue among various fields, including design studies, innovation management, and narrative studies. In terms of practical implications, this study offers actionable guidance for companies, innovation practitioners, and design professionals aiming to utilize design as a catalyst for innovation. It introduces a fresh perspective on design, framing it as a practice of worldmaking through narrative and discourse. Additionally, the findings shed new light on how design practitioners can effectively serve as agents of narrative worldmaking. Finally, this PhD research holds broader societal implications. Given the multitude of complex challenges facing the world, this study underscores the crucial role of design narratives in harnessing interdisciplinary expertise to address these challenges confidently. Particularly for wicked problems characterized by hyper-complexity and ambiguity, the theoretical framework of “Design Narrative Worldmaking (DNW)” emerges as vital practices for creating and implementing innovative solutions. By illuminating new dimensions of narrative in design, design has the potential to emerge as a central solution to a wide array of increasingly intricate and sophisticated problems.
... The methodological choice can be mono-method, multi-method, or mixed-method (Edmonds & Kennedy, 2016). This research utilizes a mono-method quantitative approach to explore how the IP affects employee well-being, performance, and satisfaction for both introverts and extroverts. ...
The Impostor Phenomenon (IP) is a widespread psychological phenomenon impacting the personal and professional experiences of individuals. This study aims to examine the impact of the IP on employee well-being, performance, and job satisfaction within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Lebanon. Moreover, this study explores if these effects vary depending on individuals’ personality types, such as introverted or extroverted, and if perceived organizational support (POS) plays a moderating role in these relationships. The research employed a mono-method quantitative approach to collect data from a sample of 155 faculty and staff employees using an online structured survey. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. The findings obtained indicate that higher impostorism levels were linked to lower employee well-being, job satisfaction, and self-assessed job performance. Introverts showed a negative association between impostorism and well-being, while extroverts had significant negative associations with both job satisfaction and performance. POS only moderately influenced the association between impostorism and job satisfaction. The significance of the IP’s impacts on employee outcomes among different personality types is emphasized in this study. Furthermore, the moderating role played by POS highlighted the importance of organizational efforts in addressing employees’ experiences. This study provided insights to Human Resources (HR) professionals in Lebanon’s Higher Education Institutions to develop targeted interventions addressing IP experiences and personality types and promoting mental wellness and better job satisfaction and performance, and thus better organizational outcomes.
... Additionally, individual narratives can reveal contextual factors and personal perspectives (Riessman, 2008). To achieve a deeper understanding of teachers experiences with Culture-Based Approach, we adopted a descriptive narrative design developed by Edmonds and Kennedy (2017). Figure 1 illustrates this specific design. ...
This study explores the culture-based teaching (CBT) narratives and experiences of English language teachers in the Hawraman Region, aiming to understand their perceptions and experiences through an interpretative and qualitative research approach using a Narrative Inquiry strategy. Specifically, twenty experienced teachers (14 males and 6 females) were selected via purposive sampling, and data were collected through episode interviews and analyzed using Braun and Clarke (2006) thematic analysis. The findings revealed that CBT encompasses four meta-narratives: context-based, interaction-based, adaptive-based, and value-based. Furthermore, essential skills for implementing CBT include multicultural literacy, cultural experience, and cultural competence. Additionally, the study highlighted challenges at the local level, such as cultural duality and cultural self-alienation, and critiqued the centralized and authoritarian nature of the Iranian educational system, which prioritizes monolingualism and Persian language hegemony. Consequently, the findings suggest that CBT can enhance teachers’ commitment to and appreciation of students’ cultures and lifestyles, leading to improved performance in teaching English—a significant challenge within Iran’s educational system. Ultimately, this study offers a detailed examination of the culture-based approach to language teaching in Iran, underscoring the need to consider students’ cultural backgrounds within diverse educational contexts.
... The merits of both the quantitative and qualitative paradigms were applied to examine the international MENA student experience. The study employed a convergent parallel mixed-methods design that begins with simultaneous qualitative interviews and the collection of quantitative survey data, followed by a comparative analysis of the complementary data on the same focus (Creswell & Creswell, 2017;Edmonds & Kennedy, 2017). The use of mixed-method instruments allowed for the incorporation of the broadest possible range of responses from diverse participants with different comfort levels around engaging in virtual research settings. ...
By utilizing foundational texts on critical race theory, scholarships on Muslim Americans, and the Ethnic Identity Scale (EIS), this mixed methods study examines Muslim Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) racial identity development amid America’s tense history with Islam and the MENA world. The findings revealed that participants were 53% more likely to identify as Black within the U.S. census schema, and when self-identifying, 42% of participants chose new identity terminology such as Arab or Middle Eastern. The participants felt most comfortable with other Muslim international students and Black and Muslim U.S. peers and reported self-isolation from white spaces. The participants who identified as MENA experienced more pride in their heritage than those who identified as white. These findings illuminate the need for increased MENA and Muslim representation and offer recommendations at the governmental, educational, and individual levels to combat the weaponization of whiteness that downplays the dangers of Islamophobia.
Background: The advent of emergency remote teaching has significantly transformed the landscape of higher education through the Internet environment. The online learning environment elicits varying student engagement, apathy, and frustration. Nevertheless, digital literacy is not the exclusive factor determining students’ academic participation in online learning during an emergency. Students need an extra compelling element. Purpose: To investigate students’ motivational urges and attitudes toward emergency online learning scenarios that impact their academic engagement. Method: An explanatory research design was implemented in the research method to quantify the intensity and direction of the relationship between variables and elucidate the impact of a single variable on another. Two hundred-eight undergraduate students from a private higher education institution comprised the research's respondents. The structural equation modeling and Hayes' bootstrapping technique were employed to analyze the data further, which was collected through an internet-based poll. In addition, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) method was employed to assess the reflective measurement models. This included the internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability), the convergent validity encompassed indicator reliability and average variance extracted (AVE), and the discriminant validity conducted using the cross-loadings approach and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. Results: The research findings suggest that driven students are more inclined to participate in online learning during an emergency remote teaching scenario by actively controlling their study time and autonomously gaining a deeper comprehension of the academic content. Their active participation in online learning is further evidenced by their motivation derived from attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction in emergency remote teaching scenarios. The attitude towards online learning (AOL) fostered by these motivational elements had a negligible impact on the student effort. Furthermore, students residing in rural areas exhibit prevailing motivational elements, such as self-assurance and focus, that motivate them to invest time in creating and understanding educational resources. Concurrently, students residing in metropolitan regions exhibit a prevailing driving force in attention and satisfaction, resulting in a favorable disposition towards active academic participation in online learning by fostering the acquisition of time management abilities. Conclusion: The results have implications for teachers developing teaching activities to encourage active student academic participation in online learning setting, considering the students’ specific needs, backgrounds, characteristics, and abilities.
Um dos desafios de formulação e consolidação de políticas de participação digital está presente nos arranjos e processos de desenvolvimento e manutenção de ferramentas digitais. A relação entre diferentes partes interessadas em processos de colaboração multissetorial, chamado de Open Source and Public Sector Collaboration, nos traz fundamentos para observarmos iniciativas de construção de ferramentas abertas. Baseado nisso, o presente artigo reflete sobre arranjos multissetoriais no desenvolvimento e manutenção de ferramentas digitais a partir do processo de criação da plataforma digital Brasil Participativo, iniciativa do governo federal brasileiro. Adotamos a metodologia de estudo observacional, no qual os autores participaram ativamente na construção da plataforma. Analisamos os dados coletados durante o projeto da plataforma e seu uso no processo do Plano Plurianual participativo. O trabalho conjunto dessas instituições entregou uma estrutura consolidada que engajou mais de 1 milhão e 400 mil pessoas e 8.254 propostas em 2 meses. A análise mapeou o arranjo multissetorial do Brasil Participativo, ao envolver diferentes atores e setores organizados em quatro facetas: Governança, Tecnologia, Comunidade e Recursos. A estrutura inovadora e efetiva aplicada no processo de desenvolvimento do Brasil Participativo, oferece a possibilidade de reprodução por diferentes projetos de ferramentas digitais do governo.
Background: Local structures or institutions are widely regarded as crucial agents in the redistribution of financial resources that are key to local economic development (LED) in municipalities within developing countries. Despite this, the gap between public finance legislation (which needs local structures for its implementation) and LED persist in developing countries.Aim: The article aims to understand how municipalities from developing countries may narrow the gap between public finance legislation and LED. This article focusses on the Ulundi Local Municipality in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa (a developing country with a constitutional democracy) to extract relevant lessons for developing countries.Methods: Following a qualitative research method, primary data in this study were collected through semi-structured interviews and secondary data through relevant reports and literature.Results: The findings reveal that a combination of dereliction of duty, local structures’ lack of capacity and political will is responsible for the gap between public finance legislation and LED in Ulundi Local Municipality.Conclusion: It is concluded that the gap between public finance and LED renders public finance legislation ineffective towards LED in the developing countries’ municipalities.Contribution: The suggestions on the process to narrow the gap identified are drawn from Ulundi Local Municipality stakeholders with the guide from both the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) and the Institutional Theory.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, genç yetişkinlerin finansal okuryazarlık düzeyinin kredi kartı kullanımı alışkanlıklarını etkilerken duygusal zekânın bu etkide aracı rolünün belirlenmesidir. Finansal karar alma sürecinde bireysel yetkinliklerin ve duygusal faktörlerin rolünü anlamakta olduğu düşüncesi önemli yönüdür. Kapsam olarak genç yetişkinler belirlenmiş olup Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi’ndeki eczacılık öğrencilerine anket uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; finansal ürün ve hizmetleri tanıyan, anlayan ve bu araçları etkili bir şekilde kullanma yeteneğine sahip genç yetişkinlerin finansal kontrolü kaybetmedikleri ve planlanmamış harcamalar yapmadıkları görülmektedir. Borçlarını zamanda ödemeyen, tasarruf yapmayan ve kriz durumlarına karşın hazırlıksız olan genç yetişkinler olumsuz durumlarla ilgili umut besleyemedikleri görülmektedir. Borçlarına sadık genç yetişkinlerin empati düzeyleri ile arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olmasına karşın bir etkisi olmadığı görülmektedir.
Patients with extensive hospitalization experience present challenges for mental healthcare by disrupting continuity of care across service systems. This study explores how mental healthcare services address the needs of these patients, focusing on service gaps between hospitalization and community services. By examining the underlying reasons for their reliance on hospitals, the study offers insights into the lived experiences of this marginalized group. The study aims to provide knowledge that can enhance treatment and care for patients with severe mental disorders. Using a narrative explanatory design, we interviewed 14 patients with extensive hospitalization experience. A holistic-content analysis revealed shortcomings in community services that contributed to frequent hospitalizations. These inconsistencies contributed to paternalistic treatment and collaboration issues, misaligning services with patients’ needs. Patients were frequently labeled as “difficult” and placed at inappropriate levels of care, sometimes resorting to extreme measures to access the care they required. The study highlights paradoxes and contradictions between goals, policies, and service provision in mental healthcare. Patients were caught between two extremes entrenched in a struggle with services, either to gain access to support or to break free from service constraints. We argue that better access to institution-based treatment and care could provide benefits to these patients and help bridge service gap. Establishing long-term, well-staffed residential facilities would not only relieve hospitals of the burden of frequent readmissions but also enhance service integration. This would provide a much-needed middle ground, ensuring that patients receive the appropriate level of care while preventing unnecessary hospitalization.
Basemah is one of the dominant ethnic groups of the middle row of the Bukit Barisan, who live around Mount
Dempo, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Ghumah Baghi is a vernacular house resulting from the Basemah culture, which is the
cultural, traditional settlements and owner's identity dominated by wood material with a knockdown system suspected of
having high adaptability to earthquakes. This study aims to reveal the typology of the Ghumah Baghi structure as an
initial study of the development of earthquake-resistant housing structures. This research was conducted on eight
Ghumah Baghi in the Pagaralam and Lahat. This study uses a qualitative descriptive case study method of data analysis
through interviews, direct observation, and documents as well as a descriptive analysis of the structure, including
materials, connections, and structural systems. The findings in this study identified three types of wood used Anisoptera
sp, Toona Sureni Merr, and Altingia Axcelsa Noronha in the form of logs, blocks, and boards. The wood joint use tenon
and mortise, butt, scarf, notch, forked, wide, and tie joints with the dominant connection being halved and lap joints. The
structural system is divided into the frame structure system for the bottom and top and the box frame system for the
middle. The identification of the typology of the structure will be continued with the research of strength, aesthetics, and
assembly, finding and prototyping a system of the knock-down house that are resistant to earthquakes based on the
Ghumah Baghi structure and construction
Despite the global ban on child gambling, it is widespread in many countries, including Ghana. Studies on child gambling indicate that the phenomenon is more pervasive in male children than female children. However, there are few studies on sex differences in child gambling. This study examined the sex differences in the knowledge of what constitutes gambling, the prevalence of gambling participation, the kinds of gambling engaged in, and the predictors of gambling participation in Ghana. This study used mixed-method data from the Ministry of Gender, Children, and Social Protection. The study measured child gambling by looking at lifetime gambling participation among children aged 8–17. We analyzed the quantitative data using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s Chi-square test, and binary logistic regression, while the qualitative data was analyzed thematically. The study found that more male children (93.5%) knew what constitutes gambling than female children (61.4%). Similarly, more male children (5.3%) than female children (0.8%) had ever participated in gambling. More male children participated in sports betting, whereas more female children participated in card games, lotteries, and slot/poker/roulette games. In terms of the predictors of gambling participation, age, and living arrangements were common significant predictors of gambling participation among male and female children. However, educational attainment, ecological zone, and having a friend who gambles were significant predictors of gambling participation among male children. Also, religion was a significant predictor of gambling participation among female children. This study demonstrates the need for sex-specific interventions to curb child gambling in Ghana.
Introduction
The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted the working conditions and mental health of healthcare workers (HCWs) across the globe. Little is understood of the factors influencing the mental health of HCWs in low-and middle-income countries like Ghana, which faced significant challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic due to their overburdened healthcare systems. Our study qualitatively examined the multilevel factors influencing HCWs’ mental health in response to the pandemic in Ghana, as well as coping strategies.
Methods
Utilizing an exploratory, descriptive qualitative research design, we purposively sampled and interviewed HCWs (n = 26) and administrators (n = 3) across 13 regions in Ghana from our parent study (N = 646) between November 2020 and February 2021. Semi-structured interviews explored pandemic preparedness, experiences responding to the pandemic, the impact of the pandemic on life, work, quality of care, and mental health; challenges and facilitators of the COVID-19 response; and coping strategies. Transcripts were coded through a group-based collaborative approach in the Dedoose software and analyzed thematically guided by the socio-ecological framework.
Results
HCWs reported experiencing fear, anxiety, stress, and depression due to the COVID-19 pandemic and cited several individual, interpersonal, institutional, and societal factors that adversely impacted their mental health. Individual-level factors included low knowledge of COVID-19 risk and sequelae and contraction of COVID-19. Interpersonal factors included being a parent/caregiver, risk posed to family/household as frontline workers, and social isolation. Institutional factors included inadequate health system capacity (i.e., low staffing capacity) and pandemic preparedness (i.e., inadequate COVID-19 training), and frontline working conditions (i.e., long work hours; higher COVID-19 infection risk). Societal factors were COVID-19-related stigma against HCWs, COVID-19 social conspiracies, and sociocultural beliefs about mental health in Ghana. Despite the negative impact of the pandemic on HCWs’ lives, most reported not receiving adequate support from their workplace or the government to mitigate mental health distress. However, HCWs identified several protective factors and coping strategies, including prayer/spirituality, spiritual and emotional support from family and colleagues, and, although limited, work-based or government incentives and appreciation.
Conclusion
The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the mental health of HCWs in Ghana, who have inadequate resources to address these distresses. Investing in healthcare infrastructure, including expanding workforce and facility capacity and providing workplace mental health wellness services, can help mitigate the mental health impact of health crises like the COVID-19 pandemic on the healthcare workforce and subsequently maximize the capacity of the health system to respond to future pandemics.
Coaches help shape sport environments and athlete experiences. However, many coach development programs do not adequately teach the knowledge and skills necessary for holistic athlete development. Accordingly, a positive youth development program, the 1616 Program (1616), was created to foster developmentally rich opportunities for youth ice hockey players. To overcome many current coach development program shortcomings, 1616 includes a coach-specific segment grounded in coaching effectiveness, leadership, and behavior change literature. We explored the coach segment’s impact using a mixed-method convergent parallel design with coaches across North America. In total, 36 coaches ( n = 3 females; M age = 43.8 years; SD = 5.33 years) with an average of 10.1 years ( SD = 8.04) of coaching experience completed questionnaires. We interviewed nine coaches ( n = 1 female; M age = 43.0 years; SD = 8.04 years) with an average of 8.5 years ( SD = 3.73) of coaching experience. Results suggest that coaches felt that athlete personal assets improved while describing improvements in their own behavior change markers, efficacy beliefs, and interpersonal and leadership skills. Despite noting areas for improvement, coaches who completed the 1616 Program generally improved their self-perception, experienced more positive athlete interactions, and appreciated the high-quality program design and delivery.
People with advanced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) face substantial physical and psycho-social challenges influencing their quality of life. This study explored the psychosocial aspects of people with COPD attending palliative care services. Concurrent embedded mixed methods study with 22 individuals was conducted. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews and McGill Quality of Life-Revised and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaires. Findings revealed a negative correlation between quality of life and psychological distress, emphasising that as disease severity increased, so did psychological distress. From interviews emerged three themes: adjustment to living with a debilitating disease, loss of identity and developing lifestyle coping strategies. To conclude, a biopsychosocial perspective to understanding the impact of COPD is essential in identifying mitigating factors which exacerbate disease burden and increase psychological distress of people living with COPD. Implementing a biopsychosocial framework can enhance care by furthering self-management, reducing psychological distress and promoting a person-centred approach.
The National Guard in South Carolina has a rich culture of organised militiamen, with leadership playing a crucial role in shaping organisational culture. The study investigates the relationship between leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and organisational culture within the SCARNG, using the Competing Values Framework to identify dominant cultural dimensions. The study found a significant negative correlation between transformational and Clan culture, a positive correlation between transformational and Adhocracy culture, and a positive correlation between transactional and Adhocracy culture. Transformational leadership style predicted Clan, Market, and Hierarchy culture, while transactional leadership positively impacted market and hierarchy cultures. Laissez-faire leadership did not significantly affect any of the organisational cultures examined. The findings suggest that leadership styles play a crucial role in shaping organisational culture, with transformational and transactional leadership being more effective than laissez-faire leadership in fostering desired cultural outcomes.
The National Guard in South Carolina has a rich culture of organised militiamen, with leadership playing a crucial role in shaping organisational culture. The study investigates the relationship between leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and organisational culture within the SCARNG, using the Competing Values Framework to identify dominant cultural dimensions. The study found a significant negative correlation between transformational and Clan culture, a positive correlation between transformational and Adhocracy culture, and a positive correlation between transactional and Adhocracy culture. Transformational leadership style predicted Clan, Market, and Hierarchy culture, while transactional leadership positively impacted market and hierarchy cultures. Laissez-faire leadership did not significantly affect any of the organisational cultures examined. The findings suggest that leadership styles play a crucial role in shaping organisational culture, with transformational and transactional leadership being more effective than laissez-faire leadership in fostering desired cultural outcomes.
In terms of humanity and brotherhood, a lot of water has flown under the bridge since the pandemic has changed the world in so many ways, ELT can not be unaffected. Two major trends emerge now—Learner autonomy and Inclusivity. More attention is given to the larger picture of the classroom, perhaps because the classroom is no longer confined to a physical perimeter. The post-methods questioning of the earlier years seeems to be settled in the face of graver realities and survival challenges that demand new skills. Hitherto under-explored fields such as regional literature and individual preference are moving to a more frequented space.
Team leadership represents a departure from traditional hierarchical structures, which are increasingly viewed as ineffective in modern organizations across both secular and private sectors. The study aimed to explore how the selected team leadership dimensions differentially fostered growth in Pentecostal churches in Kenya. The investigation proceeded through the lenses of The Hill Model for Team Leadership. The study employed correlation research design. The target population for this study comprises 42,209 clergy members, specifically 2,828 bishops, 11,633 reverends, and 27,748 pastors, from Pentecostal churches across Kenya. A simple random sample of 380 participants was drawn. Structured questionnaire was administered using drop-and-pick method. Data was summarised using mean and standard deviation while inferences were drawn using correlation and regression analysis techniques. Results showed that team leadership dimensions collectively explained 19.4% of the variance in church growth, with a significant F-value (15.144, p < 0.01). Among the individual predictors, humility and collaborative climate had significant positive effects on church growth, while shared values, team competence, and integrity were not significant. Conclusions were drawn that collaborative climate is the most crucial factor in promoting church growth. Further, church leaders who demonstrate humility are better positioned to build strong relationships and inspire growth within their congregations. In light of the outcome of this study, bishops should prioritize the cultivation of a collaborative climate within their regions. Pastors should also focus on developing their humility as a core leadership trait.
Against the backdrop of the critical importance of recognising the specificity of learning languages other than English (LOTEs) in Second Language Acquisition (SLA) research, this volume focuses on a state-of-the-art presentation of the research approaches and methods that characterise French as second language (L2) within contemporary SLA research. The presentation problematises those approaches and methods as a critique of what has been done, identifying a methodological roadmap of what needs to be done in order to advance the methodological agenda in L2 French and its contribution to wider SLA research. The discussion further aims to bridge the interface between methodological issues and the research investigation of a specific LOTE, French, such as in terms of its linguistic characterisation and developmental issues underpinning its acquisition. The analysis extends to approaches and methods across different theoretical paradigms in L2 French, in different areas of linguistic development, among learners in different learning contexts.
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