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Kiprah Komando Pasukan Sandhi Yudha dalam Operasi Militer di Indonesia Tahun 1971-1985
Abstract
Research’s background in this study was to investigate Indonesia’s Special Forces formation and military operation conducted by Indonesia Special Forces. After the Proclamation of Independence. Indonesia had no official military forces. At that time, military forces were derived from former independence fighters with a non-formal organization. Indonesia absolutely needed the military forces since the country encountered an attempts of disintegration namely rebellion in many provinces. After military forces established, Indonesia apparently could not overcome the domestic issue, therefore it was very essential to form Special Forces that could conduct military operation more effectively and efficiently. Problem formulation in this research is “how was the role of Sandhi Yudha Forces Command in conducting a military operation in Indonesia from 1971 to 1985?”. The study used the historical method, with four research procedure that are heuristic, critic, interpretation, and historiography. Moreover, literature study by analysed relevant sources was applied. The study research revealed, Firstly, Indonesia’s Special Forces was formed owing to the needs of a military operation in coping rebellions after Indonesia’s independence. Secondly, after the formation, Indonesia’s Special Forces has undergone numbers of re-organization that aim to improve the needs and system organization. These act as an effect from the development of forces and country ability in funding Special Forces' institution. Thirdly, after re-organization process between 1971 to 1985, Indonesia’s Special Forces has conducted numbers of combat and non-combat military operations, such as Valey X Expedition in West Irian, the quell of Communist Group in West Kalimantan and Hostages' Rescuing Operation of Garuda Airline DC-9-WOYLA in Don Muang Airport, Thailand
... After how long working with all the difficulties, on June 7, 1947, a Presidential decree was issued to form an army organization called the Indonesian National Army, abbreviated as TNI, as a form of TNI perfection. In this stipulation, it was decided that at that time the TNI would function as a means of state defense [15]. ...
This study aims to determine the background of the emergence of the military as a political force in Indonesia. The method used is the historical method by performing four stages, namely: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that the occurrence of regional upheaval that wanted to separate from the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia during the Old Order era, as a form of disappointment with the central government, was considered by the military as a threat to the integrity and sovereignty of the nation and state. Therefore, the military considers the need for a political concept and strategy to overcome this. So the concept of an army middle ground was initiated by Abdul Haris Nasution which in turn gave birth to Dwifungsi. As the embodiment of Dwifungsi, the military seeks to ward off threats that come from within and outside. With the enactment of a state of danger or martial law law, the military will increasingly carry out its political functions by keeping in view the state situation at that time.
... After how long working with all the difficulties, on June 7, 1947, a Presidential decree was issued to form an army organization called the Indonesian National Army, abbreviated as TNI, as a form of TNI perfection. In this stipulation, it was decided that at that time the TNI would function as a means of state defense [15]. ...
This study aims to determine the background of the emergence of the military as a political force in Indonesia. The method used is the historical method by performing four stages, namely: heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that the occurrence of regional upheaval that wanted to separate from the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia during the Old Order era, as a form of disappointment with the central government, was considered by the military as a threat to the integrity and sovereignty of the nation and state. Therefore, the military considers the need for a political concept and strategy to overcome this. So the concept of an army middle ground was initiated by Abdul Haris Nasution which in turn gave birth to Dwifungsi. As the embodiment of Dwifungsi, the military seeks to ward off threats that come from within and outside. With the enactment of a state of danger or martial law law, the military will increasingly carry out its political functions by keeping in view the state situation at that time.
... This is in line with the right of every citizen to obtain defense and protection, wherever is, by the state. An obvious instance of state defense and protection can be seen in many cases abroad, including significant cases i.e. the release of Woyla hostages (Minurdin, 2018), the release of Somali hostages (Bunga, 2019), the release of Abu Sayyaf hostages (Istikharoh, Putranti, & Pattipeilohy, 2017), and others. ...
p>The existence of the Indonesian Diaspora abroad cannot be separated from the development of the global environment. The global constellation dynamically moves ahead with the complexity of inter-correlation and inter-implication multi-dimensional of the state, with non-military, military, and hybrid potential threats. The rapid progress of transportation and information technology, and cyber technology well as has become escalating turbulence over global dynamics. This context is an urgency for Indonesia to utilize Indonesian Diaspora for national interests and national defense. This paper aims to analyze the empowerment of Indonesian Diaspora in strengthening diplomacy for national defense. The author uses a qualitative approach by raising the theory of empowerment and diplomacy elaborated with the rights and obligations of defending the country upon the Indonesian Diaspora. Various data and information from literature and other open sources are used in this paper. Some of the emerging phenomena related to the Indonesian Diaspora are contested with the development of public diplomacy practices correlated with challenges and threats in the approach of national security and defense. The conclusion portrays the importance of continuing the empowerment of the Indonesian Diaspora in strengthening efforts to fight for and protect national interests, including national defense.</p
Republic of Indonesia is not an Islamic country, but the biggest population of Muslims in the world is in Indonesia. Indonesia history, especially Indonesia Army history influenced by moderate Muslim leadership and moderate Islamic
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