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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2019: T33118A149070891
Scope: Global
Language: English
Shorea inaequilateralis, Red Balau
Assessment by: Randi, A., Julia, S., Tanggaraju, S., Maryani, A., Bodos, V.,
Hamidi, A. & Juiling, S.
View on www.iucnredlist.org
Citation: Randi, A., Julia, S., Tanggaraju, S., Maryani, A., Bodos, V., Hamidi, A. & Juiling, S. 2019.
Shorea inaequilateralis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T33118A149070891.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T33118A149070891.en
Copyright: © 2019 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
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University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe;
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THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
Taxonomy
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family
Plantae Tracheophyta Magnoliopsida Malvales Dipterocarpaceae
Taxon Name:ÊÊShorea inaequilateralis Symington
Common Name(s):
• English: Red Balau
Taxonomic Source(s):
Board of Trustees, RBG Kew. 2019. Plants of the World Online Portal. Richmond, UK Available at:
http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org.
Assessment Information
Red List Category & Criteria: Endangered A4cd ver 3.1
Year Published: 2019
Date Assessed: June 30, 2019
Justification:
This species is native to Brunei, Kalimantan and Sarawak. In Kalimantan the species is only known from
one locality, but is widespread elsewhere. This tree is only found in Peat Swamp Forest, which
experiences a high rate of threat and decline. The threats to the species are from logging and
encroachment of agriculture, but in Brunei the species is not in decline as individuals are in protected
forest. Considering a period of 160 years (1959 to 2119 – two generations), the species is likely to
experience a decline of at least 50%, particularly if the species is lost from it's single locality in
Kalimantan. The species is assessed as Endangered.
Previously Published Red List Assessments
1998 – Critically Endangered (CR)
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33118A9758195.en
1998 – Vulnerable (V)
Geographic Range
Range Description:
The species is native to Kalimantan, Sarawak and Brunei.
Country Occurrence:
Native: Brunei Darussalam; Indonesia (Kalimantan); Malaysia (Sarawak)
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Shorea inaequilateralis – published in 2019.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T33118A149070891.en
1
Population
Overall the population size is not known. The population of the species is decreasing as it occurs in
threatened peat swamp forest habitat. There is variation in extent of decline between states. In
Sarawak, using Global Forest Watch, it is inferred that the habitat of the species has declined by 46%
between 2000 and 2019. In Kalimantan, the species is considered to experience an equivalent habitat
loss, but the species is only found in one locality there. Despite the occurrence of this locality in a
protected area, the site is still at risk from continuing threats due to encroachment of the National Park.
In Brunei, the subpopulation will be more stable as trees occur in protected areas. Considering a period
of 160 years (1959 to 2119 – two generations), the species is likely to experience a decline of at least
50%.
Current Population Trend:ÊÊDecreasing
Habitat and Ecology (see Appendix for additional information)
This tree species can grow to 45 m tall (Ashton 2004). It grows in mixed peat-swamp forests.
Systems:ÊÊTerrestrial
Use and Trade
This species is used for timber, which can be used for construction.
Threats (see Appendix for additional information)
The species is threatened by the expansion of palm oil plantations, which are destroying the species'
native habitat. The species is also threatened by logging operations. Logging has multiple threats to the
species as mature trees are removed for timber and the current cutting cycle is too quick for the slow
growth rate of the species, hence trees do not reach maturity. Logging also encourages the expansion of
logging roads which degrades and fragments the habitat of the species (Gaveau et al. 2014).
Conservation Actions (see Appendix for additional information)
This species is not present in ex situ collections. It is recommended that these are made for the species.
In Kalimantan the species is present in a National Park, however threats still remain within this
protected area. It is provisionally assessed in this state as Vulnerable. In Sarawak the species is found in
one Totally Protected Area, it is assessed as Critically Endangered in this state (Julia et al. 2016). More
habitat protection is needed for this species.
Credits
Assessor(s): Randi, A., Julia, S., Tanggaraju, S., Maryani, A., Bodos, V., Hamidi, A. & Juiling, S.
Reviewer(s): Barstow, M.
Contributor(s): Khoo, E., Kusumadewi, Y., Ling, C.Y., Maycock, C.R., Pereira, J., Robiansyah, I., Tsen,
S., Hoo, P.K. & Ashton, P.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Shorea inaequilateralis – published in 2019.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T33118A149070891.en
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Bibliography
Ashton, P.S. 1982. Dipterocarpaceae. In: C.G.G.J. Van Steenis (ed.), Flora Malesiana.
Ashton, P.S. 1990. Annotations to: conservation status listings for Dipterocarpaceae.
Ashton, P.S. 2004. Dipterocarpaceae. In: E. Soepadmo, L.G. Saw and R.C.K. Chung (eds), Tree Flora of
Sabah and Sarawak, pp. 63-388. Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Sabah Forestry
Department, Sandakan and Sarawak Forestry Department, Kuching.
Bachman, S., Moat, J., Hill, A.W., de la Torre, J. and Scott, B. 2011. Supporting Red List threat
assessments with GeoCAT: geospatial conservation assessment tool. In: V. Smith and L. Penev (eds) e-
Infrastructures for data publishing in biodiversity science. Zookeys 150: 117-126.
BGCI. 2019. PlantSearch. Botanic Gardens Conservation International Available at:
http://www.bgci.org/plant_search.php/. (Accessed: 19 July 2019).
Bryan, J.E., Shearman, P.L., Asner, G.P., Knapp, D.E., Aoro, G. and Lokes, B. 2013. Extreme differences in
forest degradation in Borneo: comparing practices in Sarawak, Sabah, and Brunei. Plos one 8(7): 1-7.
Gaveau, D.L.A., Sloan, S., Molidena, E., Yaen, H., Sheil, D., Abram, N.K., Ancrenaz, M., Nasi, R., Quinones,
M., Wielaard., N. and Meijaard, E. 2014. Four decades of forest persistence, clearance and logging on
Borneo. PLoS One 9(7): e101654.
Gaveau, D.L., Sheil, D., Salim, M.A., Arjasakusuma, S., Ancrenaz, M., Pacheco, P. and Meijaard, E. 2016.
Rapid conversions and avoided deforestation: examining four decades of industrial plantation expansion
in Borneo. Scientific Reports 6: 32017.
GBIF. 2019. Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Available at: http://data.gbif.org/species/.
(Accessed: 2019).
IUCN. 2019. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2019-3. Available at: www.iucnredlist.org.
(Accessed: 10 December 2019).
Julia, S. and Vilma, B. 2016. Sarawak Plant Red List: Dipterocarpaceae Series II: Anisoptera, Cotylelobium,
Hopea, Parashorea, Upuna and Vatica.In: Sarawak Forestry (ed.), Sarawak Forestry.
World Resources Institute. 2019. Global Forest Watch. Available at: http://www.globalforestwatch.org/.
(Accessed: January 18).
Citation
Randi, A., Julia, S., Tanggaraju, S., Maryani, A., Bodos, V., Hamidi, A. & Juiling, S. 2019. Shorea
inaequilateralis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2019: e.T33118A149070891.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T33118A149070891.en
Disclaimer
To make use of this information, please check the Terms of Use.
External Resources
For Images and External Links to Additional Information, please see the Red List website.
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Shorea inaequilateralis – published in 2019.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T33118A149070891.en
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Appendix
Habitats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Habitat Season Suitability Major
Importance?
1. Forest -> 1.8. Forest - Subtropical/Tropical Swamp - Suitable -
Plant Growth Forms
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Plant Growth Forms
Tree - large
Threats
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Threat Timing Scope Severity Impact Score
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.1. Annual &
perennial non-timber crops -> 2.1.3. Agro-industry
farming
Ongoing Majority (50-
90%)
Rapid declines Medium
impact: 7
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance
2. Agriculture & aquaculture -> 2.2. Wood & pulp
plantations -> 2.2.2. Agro-industry plantations
Ongoing Majority (50-
90%)
Rapid declines Medium
impact: 7
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.1. Ecosystem conversion
1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance
5. Biological resource use -> 5.3. Logging & wood
harvesting -> 5.3.2. Intentional use: (large scale)
[harvest]
Ongoing Majority (50-
90%)
Rapid declines Medium
impact: 7
Stresses: 1. Ecosystem stresses -> 1.2. Ecosystem degradation
2. Species Stresses -> 2.1. Species mortality
2. Species Stresses -> 2.2. Species disturbance
Conservation Actions in Place
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions in Place
In-Place Land/Water Protection and Management
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Shorea inaequilateralis – published in 2019.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T33118A149070891.en
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Conservation Actions in Place
Occur in at least one PA: Yes
In-Place Species Management
Subject to ex-situ conservation: No
Conservation Actions Needed
(http://www.iucnredlist.org/technical-documents/classification-schemes)
Conservation Actions Needed
1. Land/water protection -> 1.2. Resource & habitat protection
3. Species management -> 3.4. Ex-situ conservation -> 3.4.1. Captive breeding/artificial propagation
3. Species management -> 3.4. Ex-situ conservation -> 3.4.2. Genome resource bank
Additional Data Fields
Habitats and Ecology
Generation Length (years): 80
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Shorea inaequilateralis – published in 2019.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T33118A149070891.en
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The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™
ISSN 2307-8235 (online)
IUCN 2019: T33118A149070891
Scope: Global
Language: English
The IUCN Red List Partnership
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is produced and managed by the IUCN Global Species
Programme, the IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC) and The IUCN Red List Partnership.
The IUCN Red List Partners are: Arizona State University; BirdLife International; Botanic Gardens
Conservation International; Conservation International; NatureServe; Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew;
Sapienza University of Rome; Texas A&M University; and Zoological Society of London.
THE IUCN RED LIST OF THREATENED SPECIES™
© The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Shorea inaequilateralis – published in 2019.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T33118A149070891.en
6
