No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Bacidia thiersiana (Ramalinaceae), a new species with lobaric acid widespread in southeastern North America
Figures
Figures - uploaded by James Lendemer
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by James Lendemer
Content may be subject to copyright.
... In the phylogeny, they are represented by specimens from the temperate region and can be separated based on apothecial pigment (Table 3). The well-supported third clade (III) includes B. thiersiana and B. hostheleoides, which are widespread in south-eastern North America and the Neotropics, respectively (Malme 1935;Ekman 1996;Lendemer 2020). ...
... Bacidia thiersiana (deposited as Bacidia lutescens in GenBank) is widespread in south-eastern North America, while B. hostheleoides is widely distributed in the Neotropics (Malme 1935;Ekman 1996;Lendemer 2020). Bacidia thiersiana is characterized by having some oil droplets in the hypothecium and by the production of lobaric acid, both unique characters in Bacidia s. str. ...
... phylogeny. Both taxa are characterized by almost colourless or faintly and diffusely pigmented internal apothecial structures (Ekman 1996;Lendemer 2020). However, B. hostheleoides has small amounts of Rubella-orange in the proper exciple, hypothecium and hymenium when pigmented (Ekman 1996). ...
To clarify deep relationships among species lineages within Bacidia s. str., and to investigate the robustness of the deeper branches, we combined data from three traditionally used RNA-coding genes (nrITS, nrLSU and mtSSU) with two protein-coding genes ( RPB 1 and RPB 2). The multigene phylogeny contained 48 newly generated sequences from the Russian Far East and all Bacidia s. str. sequences from GenBank (131 sequences). We subjected the alignments for the single and concatenated data sets to Bayesian inference (BI) and two maximum likelihood (ML) analyses (RAxML and IQ-TREE). The topologies of phylogenetic trees recovered from BI and ML analyses were highly concordant. The multilocus phylogeny of Bacidia s. str. was congruent with previous results based on nrITS sequences from the Russian Far East but with considerably higher support values for most of the deeper branches. A correlation between the recovered clades and apothecial pigments in the upper part of the hymenium and lateral exciple was observed. Based on morphological and molecular evidence, Bacidia obtecta is described as new to science. It was recovered as the sister lineage of B. elongata . The two species are alike in having up to four enlarged lumina cells along the exciple edge, but B. obtecta differs in the abundant crystals found in the upper hymenium and lateral exciple, and by having spores with fewer septa.
... thiersiana), B. hostheleoides, and the recently described B. fuscopallida (Lee & Hur 2022), which formed an unsupported group nested in Clade II. The former two taxa are widespread in south-eastern North America and the Neotropics (Malme 1935;Ekman 1996;Lendemer 2020), while B. fuscopallida is known only from the Gangwon Province in South Korea (Lee & Hur 2022), characterized by a moist, warm, temperate climate (Sayre et al. 2020). Further analyses are necessary to clarify the phylogenetic position of this group. ...
... The clade containing Bacidia absistens, B. gigantensis and B. squamulosa is exceptional because it has highly variable pigmentation. This evidence may be related to the exceptional diversity of secondary compounds in this group detected by TLC, such as 4-O-methylcryptochlorophaeic and homosekikaic acids (Tønsberg et al. 1995;Lendemer 2020). This combination is so far unknown for species in other Bacidia s. str. ...
During a study of the incompletely known lichen flora of the Caucasus, we analyzed 237 specimens of corticolous Bacidia s. str. collected in the Northern and Southern Caucasus, including Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Russia. Of these, 54 specimens belonging to 11 species of Bacidia s. str. were selected for molecular studies, representing the observed morphological variability of the genus. We obtained 142 sequences from three RNA-coding genes (nrITS, nrLSU, and mtSSU) and two protein-coding genes ( RPB 1 and RPB 2). The single and concatenated datasets were complemented with Bacidia s. str. sequences from GenBank and subjected to Bayesian inference and two maximum likelihood analyses (RAxML and IQ-TREE). The resulting trees yielded highly concordant topologies of the groups and corresponded with previous results, supporting two main clades correlating with apothecia pigmentation. Our analyses are the first to reveal the presence of Bacidia heterochroa in the Caucasus. An exceptionally high degree of morphological plasticity was found in the Rubella and Suffusa groups. As a result of morphological examination and phylogenetic results, B. caucasica (Suffusa group) was described as new to science. Furthermore, two putative taxa in the Rubella group, Bacidia inconspicua ined. and B. maritima ined., were introduced. This study furthers our understanding and documentation of the understudied lichen flora of the Caucasus, bringing the total number of Bacidia species for the region to 13.
Altogether 322 taxa of lichens and lichenicolous fungi are reported from Ecuador of which many are probably new records for the country. These include five species which are described as new to science: Bacidia andina, Bacidina pulverula, Distopyrenis epidiorygma, Pertusaria lucidotetra and P. pseudoparnassia . From the separately treated genera Lepra and Pertusaria , 12 species are recorded for Ecuador and/or other Neotropical countries. Notes on morphology, chemistry and ecology are given.
In the spring of 2017, the 26th Tuckerman Workshop was held in central Alabama, based in Columbiana. Participants collected lichens from six unique sites across the hills of central Alabama. An account of the lichens collected from five of those sites are presented here. A total of 274 species from 118 genera are reported from the region based on field collections of the workshop participants. The high levels of diversity documented are equal to or greater than the diversity found in other areas inventoried in southern Appalachian Mountain habitats in northern and central Alabama. There are 31 lichenized and lichenicolous taxa newly reported for the State of Alabama: Abrothallus hypotrachynae (host: Hypotrachyna), Arthonia stevensoniana (host: Haematomma), Aspicilia laevata, Asterothyrium decipiens, Bacidina delicata, Byssoloma maderense, Canoparmelia amazonica, Carbonea latypizodes, Carbonicola anthracophila, Catillaria nigroclavata, Chrysothrix insulizans, Dictyomeridium amylosporum, Fellhanera silicis, Fuscidea arcuatula, Graphis lineola, Haematomma guyanense, Homostegia hertelii (host: Flavoparmelia baltimorensis), Ionaspis alba, Loxospora confusa, Parmotrema neotropicum, Pseudosagedia guentheri, Psilolechia lucida, Ramonia microspora, Rinodina dolichospora, Schismatomma glaucescens, Skyttea lecanorae (host: Lecanora louisianae), Thelopsis rubella, Thelotrema lathraeum, Tricharia cuneata, Usnea cornuta and Vainionora americana. In addition, an incompletely determined specimen of Coniarthonia was collected, making this a new genus report for the state.
The distinguishing features of Ropalospora viridis and Fuscidea pusilla are discussed. The geographic distributions of the two species in eastern North America are revised: although both species have an Appalachian-Great Lakes distribution they have somewhat differing biogeographic tendencies. Fuscidea pusilla is a rare species of the northern boreal forests with disjunct populations in the central Appalachian Mountains, whereas R. viridis is common and widespread throughout the Appalachian Mountains and their outliers with disjunct populations in the Great Lakes. Color illustrations of both species are provided.
The results of a large-scale biodiversity inventory of lichens (including lichenicolous and allied fungi) in the Dare Regional Biodiversity Hotspot (DRBH) are presented. The DRBH is a region within the Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain (MACP) of eastern North America that was recently delineated based on its unique and diverse lichen communities relative to other areas of the Atlantic Coast. Drawing on 4,952 newly generated voucher specimens from 49 sites, patterns of biodiversity and biogeography are presented and discussed within the context of both the DRBH and the broader MACP. Relationships between natural communities, vegetation, and lichen communities are discussed, as are threats to the lichen biota. A series of conservation actions are presented together with avenues for future study. In addition, supplementary resources are provided in the form of: (a) a checklist of DRBH lichens, lichenicolous fungi, and allied fungi; (b) keys to DRBH lichens and lichenicolous and allied fungi; and (c) formal descriptions of the following species new to science that were discovered during the inventory: Albemarlea pamlicoensis gen. et. sp. nov., Arthonia agelastica sp. nov. (on Lecanora louisianae B. de Lesd.), Arthonia hodgesii sp. nov. (on Graphis lineola), Arthonia stevensoniana sp. nov. (on Haematomma accolens), Lichenochora haematommatum sp. nov. (on Haematomma persoonii), Megalaria alligatorensis sp. nov., Minutoexcipula miniatoexcipula sp. nov. (on Pertusaria epixantha), Trichosphaerella buckii sp. nov. (on Punctelia rudecta).
**THIS ARTICLE IS OPEN ACCESS AND CAN BE DOWNLOADED DIRECTLY FROM THE JOURNAL WEBSITE ON BIOONE: http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.2179/15-073R2 **
This is a taxonomic revision of the corticolous and lignicolous taxa of the genera Bacldia and Bacidina (Lecanoraceae, Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycotina) in the continental United States and Canada. Twenty-seven species of Bacidia (one of which is divided into two subspecies) and twelve species of Bacidina are recognized. The morphology, secondary chemistry, ecology, and phytogeography of these spceies are discussed, and a key is provided. Apothecium pigmentation, thallus composition, presence of crystals in the proper exciple, hymenium height, thickness of paraphyses, spore shape and size, in Bacidina sometimes also conidial type and tholus structure, have proved to be the most important characters to distinguish betwcen species. Circumscriptions of Bacidia and Bacidina are attempted. Tholus structure, cell structure of the proper exciple, presence of goniocysts, presence of crystals in the thallus cortex, and size of conidiogenous cells are the most valuable characters in the delimitation of these genera. Nine new taxa are described: Bacidia diffracta, B. helicospora, B. salmonea, Bacidina aenea, Bn. californica, Bn. crystallifera, Bn. ramea, Bn, squamellosa, and Bn. varia. Twelve new combinations are introduced: Bacidia campalea, Bacidia laurocerasi subsp. idahoensis, Bacidina assulata, Bn. egenuloidea, Byssoloma meadii, Fellhanera floridana, Herteliana alaskensis, Lecania stigmatella, L, subfuscula, Pachyphiale gyalizella, Ropalospora phaeoplaca, and Ophioparma rubricosa. In addition to the newIy described species, 12 species of Bacidia and four species of Bacidina are correctly reported from the study area for the first time. The genera Psorella and Toniniopsis are reduced into synonymy with Bacidia.
Bacidiafraxinea Lonm. (Lecanorales, lichenized Ascomycotina) is closely related to B. rubella (Hoffm.) Massal., but differs in a number of characters. The most obvious difference is in the appearance of the thallus: B. fraxinea has a smooth to verrucose, areolate or irregularly cracked thallus, whereas B. rubella has a granular thallus. Furthermore, B.fraxinea has slightly darker apothecia than B. rubella, and is more abundantly fertile. Analysis of variance (ANOY A) shows that there are statistically significant differences in spore length and hymenium height, whereas no such significant differences were detected in spore width and spore septation. B. fraxinea occurs on nutrient-rich bark, chiefly on Fraxinus excelsior, Populus tremula and Ulmus spp. It is reported here from Sweden, Finland, Denmark, Estonia, Russia, Germany, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Ukraine, Slovenia, Croatia, Italy and Spain.
The last account of the lichen flora of Bermuda was published nearly 100 years ago by Riddle (1916) and repeated in Waterston (1947). The spectrum of species from that time was found to be quite accurate though limited in number. The increasing number of species noted here is predominantly a result of taxonomic progress as well as targeted, intensive exploration of poorly known Bermudian ecosystems. 105 species are recorded as new to Bermuda, and two new combinations are made. Bacidina varia Ekman is synonymized with B. brittoniana (Riddle) LaGreca & Ekman, and Lecidea calignosa Stirton is synonymized with Malmidea vinosa (Eschw.) Kalb, Rivas Platas & Lumbsch. A key to Caloplaca spp. occurring in Bermuda is provided. The first records of foliicolous lichens of Bermuda are given.
A taxonomic and biogeographic overview of the genus Myrionora is provided. Two species are recognized, M. albidula (Willey) R. C. Harris and M. pseudocyphellariae (Etayo) S. Ekman & Palice comb. nov. The genus is characterized by polysporous asci, the presence of crystals in the hymenium and proper exciple that partly consist of lobaric acid, and a photobiont with large cells (mostly in the range 12–20 µm). Myrionora albidula is currently known from Germany, Norway, Sweden, the Russian Federation (Altayskiy Kray, Chelyabinskaya Oblast', Khabarovskiy Kray and Zabaykal'skiy Kray), and the United States (Alaska, Connecticut, Maine and Massachusetts). It inhabits bark of deciduous trees and shrubs and conifers over a wide range of latitudes. Myrionora pseudocyphellariae is known from Chile and Ecuador, where it has been encountered on lichens and decaying bark. Based on morphological characteristics, we conclude that Myrionora belongs in the Ramalinaceae.
The genus Ropalospora Massal. (lichenized Ascomycotina) is comprised of five species: R. lugubris (Sommerf.) Poelt in Hertel, R. atroumbrina (H. Magn.) S. Ekman comb. nova, R. hibernica (P. James & Poelt) Tonsb. comb. nova, R. chlorantha (Tuck.) S. Ekman comb. nova, and R. viridis (Tonsb.) Tonsb. Ropalospora is characterized by multiseptate acicular spores, presence of narrow, evenly thickened hyphae in the excipulum, and clavate asci with a tholus consisting of an inner amyloid zone surrounding the young spore mass, an outer amyloid zone along the inside of the ascus wall, and a less amyloid zone in between. A distinct ocular chamber is usually lacking. The presumably closely related genus Fuscidea Wirth & Vezda differs in having asci that taper toward the top, a conoidal ocular chamber, and unevenly thickened excipular hyphae with ellipsoid or rectangular lumina. The typification, morphology, chemistry, ecology, and phytogeography of Ropalospora chlorantha, which has hitherto been referred to Bacidia, are treated. The additional four species of Ropalospora are discussed briefly.
Bacidia thyrrenica is described as a new species from the Mediterranean region. It is similar to B. fraxinea and B. rosella. Bacidia thyrrenica is distinguished from B. fraxinea based on evenly distributed crystals in the exciple and upper hymenium that dissolve in KOH, and shorter and narrower ascospores with 5-7 septa. B. thyrrenica is distinguished from B. rosella on account of the shorter, wider, and more thin-walled cells of the exciple, shorter and narrower ascospores with fewer septa, and the absence of atranorin. Both species possess colourless crystals evenly dispersed in the upper part of the hymenium and the marginal zone of the exciple. B. thyrrenica occurs from sea level to low montane areas in humid places. The species is compared to all known European species of Bacidia s. str. containing Rubella-orange as main pigment in the apothecia, as well as with the type species of the genus, B. rosella.
Recent surveys of the inland rain forests of British Columbia and adjacent regions have brought to light an unexpectedly rich epiphytic lichen flora, including several species apparently new to science. In the first of a series of papers, we describe eight species discovered during these surveys as new: Absconditella amabilis T. Sprib. (Ostropales), Bacidina contecta S. Ekman & T. Sprib., Biatora aureolepra T. Sprib. & Tønsberg, Biatora ligni-mollis T. Sprib. & Printzen (all Lecanorales), Collema coniophilum Goward (Peltigerales), Pertusaria diluta C. Björk, G. Thor & T. Wheeler (Pertusariales), Schaereria brunnea C. Björk, T. Sprib. & T. Wheeler (Ostropomycetidae incertae sedis) and Scoliciosporum abietinum T. Sprib. (Lecanorales). We also call attention to a ninth species, Bacidina sp. A, a poorly known and possibly undescribed colonizer of moribund cyanolichens. A majority of the above species appear to be confined to old-growth forests, while two (Biatora ligni-mollis and Schaereria brunnea) are currently known only from “antique” forests older than about 500 years. Many additional undescribed epiphytic lichens are known from inland rain forests, underscoring the need for further baseline biodiversity research in light of its ongoing disappearance as a result of resource extraction. In addition to the eight new species, we report Absconditella celata as new to North America, Absconditella lignicola as new to Canada and Montana, Bacidina chloroticula as new to British Columbia and Gyalideopsis piceicola as new to Montana.
Australian records of Scoliciosporum are reviewed. The new species, Jarmania scoliciosporoides Kantvilas, is described, based on Tasmanian material previously referred to Scoliciosporum pruinosum (P. James) Vězda; the systematic position of these two taxa is considered. Two further species recorded previously, S. compactum Körber and S. umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold, are discussed and all records united under the latter name; S. umbrinum is reported from Tasmania for the first time.(Accepted March 15 2008)
Bacidia coprodes (Körb.) Lettau, until now treated as a synonym of Bacidia trachona (Ach.) Lettau, is resurrected. Morphological, chemical and ecological characteristics place this species close to Toninia in the Ramalinaceae, but we retain it in Bacidia because of uncertainties in the generic taxonomy of this family. Bacidia coprodes is fairly widespread on calcareous and enriched siliceous rock in Europe and eastern North America. In North America the species has also been known under the synonyms Bacidia granosa (Tuck.) Zahlbr. (basionym: Lecidea granosa Tuck.) and Bacidia pammellii (Fink) Zahlbr. (basionym: Bilimbia pammellii Fink). Morphological and chemical features, together with molecular data, suggest that B. trachona does not belong to Bacidia, but rather in the Pilocarpaceae.(Accepted February 15 2007)
Bacidia gullahgeechee is described as new to science and easily recognized by the combination of a leprose thallus, minute tan to dark reddish-brown biatorine apothecia, and production of perlatolic acid. The species forms extensive, conspicuous colonies on palmetto (Sabal palmetto) trunks in maritime forests of the Ashepoo-Combahee-Edisto (ACE) Basin of South Carolina, one of largest protected estuaries in the eastern United States, where it is presumed to be narrowly endemic. © 2018 by The American Bryological and Lichenological Society, Inc.
The Ramalinaceae is the fourth-largest family of lichenized ascomycetes with 42 genera and 913 species exhibiting considerable morphological variation. Historically, generic boundaries in the Ramalinaceae were primarily based on morphological characters. However, molecular systematic investigations of subgroups revealed that current taxonomy is at odds with evolutionary relationships. Tropical members of the family remain particularly understudied, including the large genus Phyllopsora. We have generated and collected multilocus sequence data (mtSSU, nrITS, nrLSU, RPB1, RPB2) for 149 species associated with the Ramalinaceae and present the first comprehensive molecular phylogeny of the family. We used ancestral state reconstructions on our molecular family phylogeny to trace the evolution of character states. Our results indicate that the Ramalinaceae have arisen from an ancestor with long, multiseptate ascospores living in humid temperate forests, and that the phyllopsoroid growth form has evolved multiple times within the family. Based on our results using integrative taxonomy, we discuss sister-relations and taxon-delimitation within five well-supported clades: The Bacidia-, Biatora-, Ramalina-, Rolfidium-, and Toninia-groups. We reduce six genera into synonymy and make 49 new nomenclatural combinations. The genera Bacidia, Phyllopsora, Physcidia and Toninia are polyphyletic and herein split into segregates. We describe the two genera Bellicidia and Parallopsora and resurrect the genera Bibbya, Kiliasia, Sporacestra, and Thalloidima. According to our new circumscription, which also includes some additional changes, the family Ramalinaceae now comprises 39 genera.
A new checklist of the lichen-forming, lichenicolous, and allied fungi occurring in the continental United States and Canada is presented. It contains 3,580 lichen species and an additional 219 species of lichenicolous and allied fungi, for a total of 3,799 species in 477 genera. The following taxa are reported as new to North America: Arthonia linitae, Buellia adjuncta, Buelliella physciicola, Cornutispora intermedia, Diploschistes candidissimus, Epicladonia simplex, Fulgensia bracteata subsp. deformis, Graphium aphthosae, Homostegia piggotii, Leproloma membranaceum var. chrysodectoides, Lettauia cladoniicola, Lichenostigma maureri, Melaspilea epigena, Nectria lecanodes, Polycoccum vermicularium, Sphaerulina dolichotera, Thelotrema suecicum, Vouauxiella lichenicola, and Xanthoria fulva. Also, three new combinations are proposed: Lecanora albella var. rubescens (Imshaug & Brodo) Lumbsch, Lichinella melamphylla (Tuck.) Essl., and Lichinella minnesotensis (Fink) Essl.
A procedure for the routine identification of the products of lichen-forming fungi by thin-layer chromatography is described. Microextracts of plant fragments are chromatographed in three solvent systems. The spots of unknowns are assigned to RF classes defined by the RF values of marker controls of two lichen substances (atranorin and norstictic acid) chromatographed on every plate. The unknowns are tenatively identified by sorting (by RF classes) punched cards summarizing microchemical data for all compounds previously studied. The preliminary identification is then confirmed by additional microchemical tests. The open-ended system can incorporate new and unknown compounds as well as information from other chromatographic systems. Data obtained by the standardized procedure are given for 104 products.
The lichen Bacidia lobarica Printzen & Tønsberg is described as new to science. Within the genus Bacidia the species is unique in being completely leprose and in producing the depsidone lobaric acid. Bacidia lobarica is so far only known from the southern Appalachians and the Piedmont of North Carolina where it is corticolous on hardwoods.
A new Scoliciosporum is described from rainforest in Madagascar. It superficially resembles S. pruinosum, but has an arachnoid hypothallus and prothallus and an olivaceous hypothecium and excipulum.(Accepted February 08 2008)
The genus Jarmania, based on the single species J. tristis, is described. The new genus is characterized by a byssoid-leprose thallus, immarginate apothecia, asci of the Bacidia-type, strongly anastomosing paraphyses and septate, acicular ascospores. The new species is corticolous and is known only from cool temperate rainforest in Tasmania.
Als Vorarbeit zu einer Flechtenflora der Tschechoslowakei wird der zweite Beitrag oorgelegt, in dem 25 Arten und 2 Gattungen
taxonomisch, chorologisch und ökologisch behandelt werden; drei Arten (Caloplaca isidiigera, Forssellia umbilicata undLecanora chalcophila) und eine Gattung (Polysporina) werden als neu beschrieben; eine Emendierung der GattungScoliciosporum
Massalongo wird durchgeführt und ein Bestimmungsschlüssel der besser bekannten europäischenScoliciosporum-Arten zusammengestellt. Zehn neue Kombinationen werden vorgeschlagen:Huilia musiva (Koerb.) comb. n. var.subsquamescens (vězda) comb. n.,Gyalidea diaphana (Koerb.) comb. n.,Polysporina simplex (Dav.) comb, n.,P. cyclocarpa (Anzi) comb. n.,P. dubia (H. Magn.) comb. n.,Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Stenh.) comb. n.,Sc. pruinosum (P. James) comb. n.,Sc. sarothamni (Vain.) comb., n. undSc. schadeanum (Erichs). comb. n.
The phylogeny of the family Bacidiaceae (Lecanorales, Ascomycota) was investigated using 65 nuclear ITS1-5,8S-ITS2 ribosomal DNA sequences, 63 of which were newly determined. After exclusion of ambiguous alignment, the data set contained 285 variable characters, 212 of which were parsimony-informative. Phylogenetic estimations were performed with maximum parsimony (unweighted and weighted) and maximum likelihood optimality criteria. Four different phylogenetic hypotheses were tested using a parametric bootstrap approach to simulate the expected null distribution of the difference between the globally optimal tree and the best (constrained) tree agreeing with the null hypotheses under unweighted and weighted parsimony, and maximum likelihood: (1) the genus Bacidia is monophyletic; (2) the genus Bacidina is monophyletic; (3) the genus Toninia is monophyletic; and (4) the family Ramalinaceae is monophyletic and distinct from a monophyletic Bacidiaceae. The monophyly of Bacidia, Toninia, and the Ramalinaceae was rejected under all circumstances. Hence, Bacidiaceae is likely to be a younger synonym of Ramalinaceae. The monophyly of Bacidina was not rejected under any optimality criterion. Furthermore, the data set suggests that the Bacidia beckhausii and B. sabuletorum groups are unrelated to Bacidia s. str., that Megalaria is monophyletic, and that Lecania auct. is polyphyletic.
Cave Mountain Branch of Blue Girth Creek
specimens examined. U.S.A. ALABA-MA: Bibb Co., Talladega National Forest, Cave
Mountain Branch of Blue Girth Creek, 29 Mar.
2017, on Acer, J.C. Lendemer 50560 (NY). FLORIDA:
without locality, without date, [on Quercus], W.W.
Calkins 98 (NY), on Quercus, W.W. Calkins 95 (NY);
New River at W side of FSR120B
- Apalachicola National Forest
Apalachicola National Forest, New River at W side
of FSR120B, 4 May 1990, on Chamaecyparis, R.C.
Harris 25145 (NY);
NORTH CAROLINA: Hyde Co., Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge, along Chip Rd. 2 mi SW of jct w/ Whipping Creek Rd
- Apalachicola National Forest
Apalachicola National Forest, S of
FSR113, 0.8 mi W of CR12, 6 May 1990, on Quercus,
R.C. Harris 25277A (NY). Orange Co., Wekiwa
Springs State Park, 29 Oct. 1993, on Quercus, S.
Ekman L1163 (UPS). Taylor Co., along CR361, 1.7 mi
N of Keaton Beach, 3 Dec. 1996, on Quercus, R.C.
Harris 39557A (NY). Volusia Co., Blue Springs State
Park, W of Orange City, 29 Oct. 1993, on old Vitis, S.
Ekman L1160 (UPS), on Quercus, S. Ekman L1161
(UPS). NORTH CAROLINA: Hyde Co., Alligator River
National Wildlife Refuge, along Chip Rd. 2 mi SW of
jct w/ Whipping Creek Rd., 23 Mar. 2014, on
Gordonia, W.R. Buck 63076 (NY). SOUTH CAROLINA:
Berkeley Co. Francis Marion National Forest, FS110/
Walleye Rd., 1.0 mi NW jct w/ FS118/Strawberry Rd.,
Charleston Co. Francis Marion National Forest, 0.5 mi E of Wambaw Creek, 0.25 mi W of Mill Branch Rd./FS211
- J C Quercus
- Lendemer
Dec. 2013, on Quercus, J.C. Lendemer et al. 40924
(NY). Charleston Co. Francis Marion National Forest,
0.5 mi E of Wambaw Creek, 0.25 mi W of Mill
Branch Rd./FS211, 2 Dec. 2013, on Quercus, J.C.
Lendemer et al. 40515 (NY);
- F S Berger
- Lagreca
Berger, F. & S. LaGreca. 2014. Contributions to the lichen flora of
Bermuda -Part I. New records, new combinations, and
interesting collections of lichenized ascomycetes. Evansia 31:
41-68.
Essai sur les cryptogames des écorces exotiques officinales, Deuxième parite, supplément et révision
- A L A Fée
Fée, A. L. A. 1837. Essai sur les cryptogames desécorces exotiques
officinales, Deuxième parite, supplément et révision. Didot &
Levrault, Paris & Levrault, Strasbourg.
Foliicolous lichenized fungi
- R Lücking
Lücking, R. 2008. Foliicolous Lichenized Fungi. Flora Neotropica
Monograph 103: 1-866.
Lichenographiae Novo-Granatensis Prodromus (reprint titled: Prodromus Florae Novo-Granatensis auctoribus
- W Nylander
Nylander, W. 1863. Lichenographiae Novo-Granatensis Prodromus
(reprint titled: Prodromus Florae Novo-Granatensis auctoribus
J. Triana et J.E. Planchon. Lichenes). Acta Societas Scientiarium
Fennicae 7: 415-504.
Aquacidia, a new genus to accommodate a group of skiophilous temperate Bacidia species that belong in the Pilocarpaceae (lichenized ascomycetes)
- A Aptroot
- L B Sparrius
- P Alvarado
Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Botany Series
- B J Coppins