Wakefieldia, A New Hypogeous Basidiomycete Genus Record for Turkey

Abstract

The hypogeous basidiomycete genus, Wakefieldia is given as new record for Turkish mycobiota based on the collection and identification of Wakefieldia macrospora from İstanbul. Brief description, photographic images related to its micro and macromorphologies and the collection locality of the species were provided.

Full text

KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 23 (1): 168-171, 2020
KSU J. Agric Nat 23 (1): 168-171, 2020
DOI:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.593676
Wakefieldia
, A New Hypogeous Basidiomycete Genus Record for Turkey
Yasin UZUN1, Abdullah KAYA2
1Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Science Faculty, Dept. of Biology, Karaman, 2Gazi University, Science Faculty, Dept. of Biology, Ankara
1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6423-6085, 2 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4654-1406
: kayaabd@hotmail.com
ABSTRACT
The hypogeous basidiomycete genus,
Wakefieldia
is given as new
record for Turkish mycobiota based on the collection and identification
of
Wakefieldia macrospora
from İstanbul. Brief description,
photographic images related to its micro and macromorphologies and
the collection locality of the species were provided.
Research Article
Article History
Received : 07.07.2019
Accepted : 13.10.2019
Keywords
Biodiversity
Hypogeous fungi
New record
Boletaceae
Turkey
Wakefieldia
, Türkiye İçin Yeni Bir Toprakaltı Bazidiyomiset Cins Kaydı
ÖZET
Toprak altı bazidiyomiset cinsi olan
Wakefieldia
,
Wakefieldia
macrospora
’nın İstanbul’dan toplanıp teşhis edilmesine bağlı olarak
Türkiye mikobiyotası için yeni kayıt olarak verilmiştir. Türün kısa
betimlemesi, makro ve mikromorfolojisine ilişkin fotoğrafları ve
toplanma lokalitesi verilmiştir.
Araştırma Makalesi
Makale Tarihçesi
Geliş Tarihi : 07.07.2019
Kabul Tarihi : 13.10.2019
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biyoçeşitlilik
Toprak altı mantarlar
Yeni kayıt
Boletaceae
Türkiye
To Cite: Uzun Y, Kaya A 2020.
Wakefieldia,
A New Hypogeous Basidiomycete Genus Record for Turkey. KSU J. Agric Nat 23
(1): 168-171, DOI:10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.593676.
INTRODUCTION
Wakefieldia
Corner & Hawker is a hypogeous
basidiomycete genus in the family
Boletaceae
(Kirk et
al., 2008). The genus contains two species and
characterized by globose to irregular gasterocarp, thin,
whitish and smooth peridium; minute and crowded
chambered loculate gleba, statismosporic, orthotropic,
globular spores ornamented with broad verrucae or
irregular ridges (Pegler et al., 1993).
Genus
Wakefieldia
was erected by Corner and Hawker
(1953) based on the description of
Wakefieldia
striaespora
Corner and Hawker, and Hawker (1954)
assigned the genus to Hydnangiaceae. Later on Pegler
& Young (1979) proposed to move it to
Octavianinaceae
(Krakhmalnyi et al., 2014). Kirk et al. (2008) lists this
genus in
Boletaceae.
The ITS and nuc-LSU sequence
based data gathered by Kaounas et al. (2011) from
Greek collections of hypogeous fungi bear a close
relation of
Wakefieldia
Corner & Howker to the
Hebeloma
(Fr.) P. Kumm. in
Hymenogastraceae.
Though the systematic position of the genus still
remains in dispute, here we follow Kirk et al. (2008)
and Index fungorum (accessed on 20 May 2019) and
regard it in
Boletaceae.
Only one hypogeous member of
Boletaceae
within the
genus
Octaviania
Vittad. has been reported from
Turkey (Türkoğlu et al., 2015; Kaygusuz et al., 2018).
Current checklists on Turkish macromycota (Solak et
al. 2015; Sesli and Denchev 2014) and the
contributions published after the checklists
(Sadullahoğlu and Demirel, 2018; Uzun et al., 2018;
Acar et al., 2019; Keleş, 2019; Uzun and Kaya, 2019a,b;
Yakar et al., 2019) indicate that
Wakefieldia
macrospora
(Hawker) Hawker hasn’t so far been
reported from Turkey. The study aims to contribute to
the Turkish mycobiota.
MATERIALS and METHODS
Wakefieldia
samples were collected during a field trip
in Şile district of İstanbul province on 26th December

KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg 23 (1): 168-171, 2020
KSU J. Agric Nat 23 (1): 168-171, 2020
Araştırma Makalesi
Research Article
169
2018. Photographs of fruit bodies were taken in their
natural habitats and characteristics related
morphology and ecology were noted. Further studies
were carried out on dry specimens. Microscopic slides
were prepared in water and Melzer’s reagent.
Microscopic study was performed under Nikon Eclipse
Ci-S trinocular light microscope, coupled with a Nikon
DS-Fi2 camera. A Hitachi SU5000 scanning electron
microscope were used for SEM images. Identification
was conducted with the help of Hawker (1951, 1954),
Hintz and Winterhoff (1984), Pegler et al. (1993),
Montecchi and Sarasini (2000), Calonge et al. (2003),
Kaounas et al. (2011) and Krakhmalnyi et al. (2014).
The sample was kept in Biology Department of Science
Faculty of Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University.
RESULTS
Basidiomycota
R.T. Moore
Boletales
E.-J. Gilbert
Boletaceae
Chevall.
Wakefieldia macrospora
(Hawker) Hawker
Syn: [
Sclerogaster macrosporus
Hawker]
Macroscopic and microscopic features: Basidiomata
(0.8-)10-20 mm in diam, gasterocarpic, hypogeous,
globose, subglobose to irregular or lobate, smooth, with
a thin mycelial strands at the base, initially white to
dingy white with ochraceous yellow tones, later
ochraceous to pale sulphur yellow. Peridium 0.2-0.3
mm thick, white when cut, not easily seperable from
gleba. Gleba whitish gray to pale greyish when young,
greyish brown, brown to cacao-brown at maturity
(Figure 1), with blackish spots when dry. Odor not
distinctive. Basidiospores 12-16 µm in diam, globose to
fig, pear or whipping top shaped, with a distinct hilar
appendage of 1-4 µm, yellowish brown, covered with
rough and rugged and irregularly ridged
ornamentation of squat and flat, nearly circular
verrucae (Figure 2).
Ecology:
Wakefieldia macrospora
was reported to grow
in soil in broadleaf forest (mostly oak and beech) on
calcareous soils during winter and spring (Montecchi
and Sarasini, 2000; Kaounas et al., 2011; Krakhmalnyi
et al., 2014).
Specimen examined: İstanbul, Şile, Sofular Village, in
soil under
Quercus
sp., 41°08′N-29°28′E, 140 m,
26.12.2018, Yuzun 7122.
Figure 1. Basidiocarps of
Wakefieldia macrospora
Şekil 1. Wakefieldia macrospora
’nın bazidiyokarpları

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Figure 2. Light microscope (a,b) and scanning electron microscope (c) images of basidiospores of
Wakefieldia
macrospora
(bars: 10 µm) (a: in water, b: in Melzer)
Şekil 2.
Wakefieldia macrospora
’nın bazidiyosporlarının ışık mikroskobu (a,b) ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (c)
görüntüleri (barlar: 10 µm) (a: su, b: Melzer)
DISCUSSION
Wakefieldia macrospora
is a rare species (Montecchi
and Sarasini, 2000; Kaounas et al., 2011). It has been
reported from Czech Republic, Belgium, Germany,
Italy, Greece, Spain, United Kingdom, Switzerland,
Israel (Krakhmalnyi et al., 2014). This was the first
finding of this noteworthy species in Turkey, and the
second in Asia. Though it was first collected under
beech (Hawker, 1954), and Watling (2008) proposed
that it could be mycorrhizal with beech, Kaounas et al.
(2011) mentions about the probable association with
oaks, based on four Greek collections. Turkish
specimens of
W. macrospora
were also collected under
Quercus
L. sp.
The macro and micromorphological features of Turkish
specimens of
W. macrospora
are in agreement with
those given in literature (Hawker, 1954; Montecchi
and Sarasini, 2000; Pegler et al., 1993; Calonge et al.,
2003; Kaounas et al., 2011; Krakhmalnyi et al., 2014).
Montecchi and Sarasini (2000) reports a potato like
odour at maturity, but we couldn’t notice a distinct
odor. Gasterocarps of
W. macrospora
may be confused
by some species of the genus
Hymenogaster
Vittad.,
but the spore shape and ornamentation, especially the
prominent conical hilar appendages on basidiospores
distinguishes it from such
Hymenogaster
species.
Other than
W. macrospora,
only one conformed
member
, W. striaespora
Corner & Hawker, of the
genus
Wakefieldia
is known to exist, and differs from
W. macrospora
with smaller (10-11 µm), striately
ornamented spores without a distinct hilar appendage.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank Ömer UZUN for his
kind help during field study.
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