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The Evolution and Models of Corporate Social Responsibility

Authors:
Jan Visagie¹ at North West University South Africa Potchefstroom
Jan Visagie¹
  • North West University South Africa Potchefstroom
Vusumuzi Sibanda at National University of Science and Technology
Vusumuzi Sibanda
Dr. R. Coetzee
Dr. R. Coetzee
Dr. R. Coetzee
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
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Purpose: Consequently, the purpose of this review paper is to trace the historical and conceptual evolution of CSR. Design: Literature review Findings: Company must respond to meet demand in order to be more reputable and remain profitable. Contesting views have given birth to a myriad of theories on CSR over the past decades as a clear testimony that the concept of CSR is dynamic and continues to evolve. Practical implications: This paper traces the key milestones in the evolution of CSR from the earliest debates between Dodd and Berle in the 1930s followed by arguments on CSR by Friedman in the 1970s up to the current theories Social implications: Trends have moved from corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes, to sustainable development, to sustainability, to social responsibility Original value: Since the 1950s, many scholars have been researching CSR from different points of view. In order to understand CSR’s impact on organisation behavior, it is necessary to comprehend its progression.
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... Besides, there are theories that are at times contradictory, yet each has some foundation in reality. Schoff (2023), clearly emphasized that today, businesses are missing out if they aren't participating in CSR. CSR has become an integral part of doing business, and is increasingly driving consumer choice. ...
... Later, it expanded into the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries with the influence of the English Crown, which saw corporations as an instrument for social development. Schoff (2023) did empirical research on the evolution of corporate social responsibility. He cited that CSR has its roots in the late 1800s, when the rise of philanthropy combined with deteriorating working conditions made some businesses reconsider their current production models. ...
"CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND ITS IMPACT ON BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY"
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2023
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a self-regulating business model that helps a company be socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders, and the public. By practicing corporate social responsibility, also called corporate citizenship, companies can be conscious of the kind of impact they are having on all aspects of society, including economic, social, and environmental.To engage in CSR means that, in the ordinary course of business, a company is operating in ways that enhance society and the environment instead of contributing negatively to them. Corporate social responsibility is a business model by which companies make a concerted effort to operate in ways that enhance rather than degrade society and the environment. CSR helps both improve various aspects of society as well as promote a positive brand image of companies. Corporate responsibility programs are also a great way to raise morale in the workplace. CSRs are often broken into four categories: environmental impacts, ethical responsibility, philanthropic endeavors, and financial responsibilities. This research article looks into the available literature about Corporate Social Responsibility with the aim of analyzing the impact of CSR on the business and its sustainability with the objective that is be useful for CSR practitioners and those who are interested in the topic of Corporate Social Responsibility.
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... Societies desire corporations to contribute their money, facilities and employee time to humanitarian programs or purposes, but they do not regard the corporations as unethical if they do not provide the desired level. Therefore, philanthropy is more discretionary or voluntary on the part of businesses, even though there is always the societal expectation that business provides it (Carroll, 2016;Visagie et al., 2019). ...
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... Societies desire corporations to contribute their money, facilities and employee time to humanitarian programs or purposes, but they do not regard the corporations as unethical if they do not provide the desired level. Therefore, philanthropy is more discretionary or voluntary on the part of businesses, even though there is always the societal expectation that business provides it [12,57]. ...
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... Societies desire corporations to contribute their money, facilities and employee time to humanitarian programs or purposes, but they do not regard the corporations as unethical if they do not provide the desired level. Therefore, philanthropy is more discretionary or voluntary on the part of businesses, even though there is always the societal expectation that business provides it (Carroll,2016;Visagie et al.,2019). ...
Using The Concept Of Precedence As An Approach To Explain The Logical Interaction And Interrelationships Among Corporate Social Responsibilities: Battal 's CSR Train Vs. Carroll ′s CSR Pyramid
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2022
Purpose: The model of CSR devised by the American scientist ″Archie B. Carroll in 1991″-which became well-known in academic circles as Carroll′s CSR pyramid, has been criticized by academics and researchers. The researcher firmly believes that one of the most important reasons that led to the emergence of these criticisms was Carroll's adoption of the idea of the pyramid as a form to illustrate in order to present his conception of CSR. The content of the pyramid does not match the accompanying explanations given by Carroll. Carroll's CSR pyramid does not reflect the concept of simultaneous CSRs. Also, Carroll's CSR pyramid does not reflect the logical interaction and interrelationships among CSRs. It is also noted that, Carroll's pyramid reflects the expectations of stakeholders and does not reflect the expectations of companies from their commitment to their social responsibilities. This study aimed to design a model for CSR, in which the content of its figure matches the explanations attached to it, and reflects the concept of simultaneous CSRs, in addition to the logical interaction and the interrelationship among those responsibilities. Method: The researcher used the concept of precedence as an approach to explain the logical interaction and interrelationships among CSRs. The idea of precedence is clearly found only in the railway industry. The interaction of CSRs with each other can be likened to the interaction of the components of a classic train (a cockpit and coaches). Therefore, the researcher adopted the idea of the classic train as an innovative model to address some of the shortcomings of Carroll ′s pyramid. Battal 's CSR train as an innovative model-in this study, can reflect the notion of simultaneous CSRs , the logical interaction and interrelationships among CSRs, and expectations and aspirations of both stakeholders and companies. Result: By adopting the idea of the classic train work and its components, this study was able to produce a model of CSR as an alternative model for Carroll′s pyramid (1991). Originality/Value: Battal ′s CSR train is an educational model that is designed to address some of the shortcomings of Carroll's CSR pyramid "as a figure and content." The content of Battal′s CSR train matches the attached explanation, and this will help to understand how CSRs interact with each other, as well as the concept of simultaneous CSRs.
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... company. Indian companies took on the moral responsibility of discharging their obligations towards society through either donations or charity so as to maximize their impact on stakeholders and society at large, derive reputational benefits and business competitiveness (Nagwan, 2014). Companies such as Infosys, Mahindra & Mahindra Ltd., Vedanta Group, Tata Group, Aditya Birla Group and ITC, to name a few, have always placed CSR high on their agenda. ...
Enforcement and Compliance: The Case of Mandated CSR Provisions in an Emerging Economy
Article
  • Jul 2022
This study is an insight into Securities Exchange Board of India’s (SEBI) mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) provisions for corporates and the status of their implementation in an emerging economy. We have analysed a sample of listed Indian companies with regard to expenditure on CSR activities, that is, whether they meet the legislative requirements for CSR spend. The study examines relevant data from 2015 to 2020 post the introduction of the mandatory 2% CSR bill. We have assessed the implementation status of mandatory CSR reforms introduced by The Companies Act, 2013 and followed up in the amendment bills. The results show that there is a substantial increase in the expenditure on CSR after acquiring the mandatory status. Although all sample companies have made disclosures on CSR norms, some companies have not fulfilled the mandatory CSR expenditure norms under Section 135. Corporate entities are cognisant of the legislation on CSR and the level of compliance is exemplary. The mandated CSR policy in India has shown remarkable results in terms of CSR spend but to set further norms in this area, it should be analysed whether this ideology of incurring expenses on socially responsible activities has any adverse corollaries. In this study, we have discussed the practical implications of the regulatory amendments in CSR provisions on the Indian corporate sector.
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... From a social perspective, companies are expected to extend their responsibilities to other societal stakeholders, including consumers, employees, the community at large, the government, and the natural environment (Carroll, 2016). Debates on whether companies should undertake social responsibility have been extensively studied in the literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR), along with related concepts such as business ethics, stakeholder management, sustainable development, triple bottom line, corporate citizenship, and shared value (Visagie et al., 2019). Carroll (2016) establishes the pyramid of CSR to reflect the fundamental roles that society expects corporations to play. ...
Exploring the roles of inclusive design in fulfilling corporate social responsibility: A multi-case study of three large-size mhealth corporations
Conference Paper
Full-text available
  • Jun 2022
Large-size corporations play important roles in addressing social problems such as health disparity. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) demonstrates the roles of corporations in society and argues for sustainable business development. Inclusive Design as a responsible design approach could contribute to developing inclusive products and services and creating sustainable value for businesses. This paper explores the opportunities to integrate Inclusive Design into business, with a focus on fulling corporate social responsibility. The literature review on CSR and Inclusive Design identifies the common objective of creating sustainable value and generating social value simultaneously. Subsequently, a multi-case study of three mHealth service providers in China was conducted by using publicly available information to gain an understanding of the antecedents, actions, and outcomes of CSR practices. The case analysis finds a lack of awareness of delivering inclusive mHealth services and a divergent use of market-based approaches and philanthropicbased approaches. The discussion presents different levels of integrating Inclusive Design into business and proposes future research opportunities.
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... From a social perspective, companies are expected to extend their responsibilities to other societal stakeholders, including consumers, employees, the community at large, the government, and the natural environment (Carroll, 2016). Debates on whether companies should undertake social responsibility have been extensively studied in the literature on corporate social responsibility (CSR), along with related concepts such as business ethics, stakeholder management, sustainable development, triple bottom line, corporate citizenship, and shared value (Visagie et al., 2019). Carroll (2016) establishes the pyramid of CSR to reflect the fundamental roles that society expects corporations to play. ...
Exploring the Roles of Inclusive Design in Fulfilling Corporate Social Responsibility: A Multi-case Study of Three Large-size mHealth Corporations
Preprint
Full-text available
  • Apr 2022
Large-size corporations play important roles in addressing social problems such as health disparity. The concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) demonstrates the roles of corporations in society and argues for sustainable business development. Inclusive Design as a responsible design approach could contribute to developing inclusive products and services and creating sustainable value for businesses. This paper explores the opportunities to integrate Inclusive Design into business, with a focus on fulling corporate social responsibility. The literature review on CSR and Inclusive Design identifies the common objective of creating sustainable value and generating social value simultaneously. Subsequently, a multi-case study of three mHealth service providers in China was conducted by using publicly available information to gain an understanding of the antecedents, actions, and outcomes of CSR practices. The case analysis finds a lack of awareness of delivering inclusive mHealth services and a divergent use of market-based approaches and philanthropic-based approaches. The discussion presents different levels of integrating Inclusive Design into business and proposes future research opportunities.
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УСПІШНІ КЕЙСИ МІЖНАРОДНИХ КОМПАНІЙ У СФЕРІ КОРПОРАТИВНОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОЇ ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНОСТІ
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Full-text available
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Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2016
We explore the essential contestedness of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by framing the interplay between CSR activities and stakeholder evaluations as a contest for jurisdiction over what it means to be socially responsible. This contest arises because firms and stakeholders are often guided by incompatible sensemaking systems. To show why context matters we show how stakeholders evaluate the authenticity of CSR activities on the basis of schemas for responsible behavior on one hand and their perceptions of firm identity on the other. This process can generate complex evaluations whose meaning depends on the distribution of power in fields and the extent to which pluralistic sensemaking systems are compatible. By positioning authenticity evaluations within a framework that describes the state of power and pluralism within which they are produced, we are able to present a systematic explanation of how and why stakeholder responses to CSR vary over a range of settings.
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Carroll’s pyramid of CSR: taking another look
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2016
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