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Opportunities for women in the green economy and environmental sectors
Sustainable Development
Abstract
South Africa's National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998) recognises the important role of women and youth in environmental management and development. To this end, significant strides have been made by the country in gender mainstreaming. The “Environment Sector Gender Framework” and the “Framework and Strategy Toward Gender Mainstreaming in the Environment Sector 2016–2021” are some of the policy frameworks that have been implemented. In addition, a number of initiatives and programmes such as the Green Fund, established in April 2012, the Groen Sebenza Learnership Programme, and environmental conservation through the Expanded Public Works Programme have been developed. Using a mixed method research design approach, the paper attempts to answer the following questions: Are the concerns and perspectives of women sufficiently integrated in the green economy and environmental sector policies and programmes? What green economy and environmental sector projects are women involved in and what is the proportion of women involved in such projects? Through simple random sampling, the study established that space has been created for women involvement in the green economy and environmental sectors. However, there still remains a need to raise awareness of the available opportunities and interventions to build capacity at project conceptualisation and management levels. The involvement of women further requires meaningful public participation, social inclusion, and the devolution and decentralisation of decision‐making processes.
... The mechanisms through which gender influences agricultural innovation are complex (Moreno-Ureba, Bravo-Urquiza, and Reguera-Alvarado 2022; García-Sánchez and Enciso-Alfaro 2024). Social and cultural norms often restrict women's access to technology and information by prioritising male access to agricultural innovation and extension services (Nhamo and Mukonza 2020;Doneys et al. 2022). Additionally, women may exhibit different risk preferences, influencing their willingness to adopt new technologies or engage in green entrepreneurship (Amorelli and García-Sánchez 2023). ...
... Recent studies have increasingly recognised that gender equality and inclusion are not only a matter of social justice but also a driver of economic, corporate and environmental sustainability (Eastin 2018;FAO 2021FAO , 2023Sieweke, Bostandzic, and Smolinski 2023;Lakhal et al. 2024). Women in agriculture face unique challenges, such as limited access to land, credit, and agricultural technologies, which can affect their ability to engage in entrepreneurial activities (Nhamo and Mukonza 2020;Saluja, Singh, and Kumar 2023). Despite these barriers, women's contributions to agriculture are essential for household food security, community resilience, and environmental stewardship ( UN Women 2022). ...
... Additionally, recent literature has emphasised the importance of opportunity costs and economic incentives in influencing AECS adoption (Schaub et al. 2023). For women, who often manage smaller farms with fewer resources, the opportunity costs of adopting green practices can be lower, especially when such practices align with their existing farming strategies and long-term goals (Nhamo and Mukonza 2020). This suggests that women's adoption of AECS may be driven by both economic and behavioural factors, including their focus on environmental sustainability and community well-being (Eastin 2018). ...
Keywords: agri-environment-climate-scheme measures | common agricultural policy of the European Union | decomposition models | gender | voluntary behaviour of farmers ABSTRACT Gender dynamics in agricultural sustainability, particularly within the framework of Agri-Environmental-Climate-Schemes (AECS), play a critical role in advancing green entrepreneurship. This study explores gender-based differences in the adoption and intensity of AECS practices among Hungarian farms, emphasising the implications for gender equality in sustainable agricultural development. Utilising the Hungarian Farm Accountancy Data Network panel data from 2014 to 2021, we apply Blinder-Oaxaca and Recentered Influence Function decomposition models to dissect disparities in AECS engagement between male-and female-headed farms. Findings indicate that, while male-headed farms receive greater AECS subsidies due to larger economic scales and resource availability, female-headed farms demonstrate comparable levels of AECS intensity when controlled for these factors. These insights highlight the potential for gender-sensitive policies within the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy framework to empower female farmers in green entrepreneurship and sustainable practices. The study's findings contribute to a broader understanding of gender's influence on green entrepreneurship and sustainable development in agriculture, with significant implications for policy frameworks that support inclusive and climate-resilient agricultural practices globally.
... Furthermore, [29] examined how the green economy and the casual economy interact and concluded that including the casual economy in conversations about the green economy could lead to better planned policies and strategies. The potential of women in South Africa's environmental and green economic development sectors was examined by [30]. Studies that have already been conducted, as mentioned above, have rarely overlooked the connection between agricultural productivity and the green economy in accomplishing food safety or the viability of green agriculture in doing so. ...
... The impact of a green economy on food safety in Africa is empirically explored in this study using environmental management policies as a proxy. The research depends on the publications of [30] and [9]. Eq. (1) illustrates the baseline model that the study uses: ...
... Despite the fact that the current research uses many methodologies due to endogeneity, conclusions are derived from the generalized method of moments (GMM) results. Based on the empirical research conducted by [9], [30] and [4], it is possible to specify the baseline model (pooled OLS) and xed effect using the formula in Eq. ...
This research investigates how food safety in Africa is influenced by a green economy. The study used information from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA), and World Development Indicators to accomplish the set goal. The data covered the period 2005–2020 for 37 African countries. The generalized method of moments (GMM) was used in the study to address the endogeneity issue. The results revealed that when the economy is green, food safety increases. This proves that a one-point increase in the green economy may lead to an increase in food safety in Africa of 0.24%. - The results show that; as an economy becomes greener, the state of food insecurity decreases. In conclusion, the study capitulates that all relevant participants must focus on strategies and policies to reach green economic growth. This is key because such policies lead to environmental sustainability (reduction in biodiversity loss) causing agriculture to flourish and thereby enlightening the state of food safety.
... 26% of publications fall in conceptual research category, 42% of publications fall in analytical research category and 32% of publications fall in empirical research category. (Govindaraju et al., 2022;Knuth, 2018;Milne & Mahanty, 2019;Ansah & Sorooshian, 2019;Bhopal et al., 2021;Swainson & Mahanty, 2018;Rosenberg et al., 2018;Diyar et al., 2014;Lazzat et al., 2014;Georgeson et al., 2017;Santeramo , 2022;Licastro & Bruno, 2021;Neimark et al., 2020;Dornan et al., 2018;Gainsborough, 2017;Droste et al., 2016;Ge & Zhi, 2016;Caprotti, 2016;Maria et al., 2015;Sutton et al., 2014;Bauhardt, 2014;Gouvea et al., 2013) Analytical 38 42% (Weber & Cabras, 2017;Antonioli & Mazzanti, 2017;Mazzanti & Rizzo, 2017;Dmuchowski et al., 2021;Davies, 2013;Ying et al., 2021;Sinnandavar et al. ,2018;Lebedev et al., 2015;Yi & Liu, 2015;Cabernard & Stephan, 2021;Sarwar, 2022;Rathore et al., 2022;Ali et al., 2021;Abid et al., 2021;Nhamo & Chipo, 2020;Solaymani, 2020;Matraeva et al., 2019;Momodu et al., 2019;Luukkanen et al., 2018;Shah & Niles, 2016;Dressler et al., 2016;Amankwah-Amoah & Sarpong, 2016;Rueff et al., 2015;Musango et al., 2014;Attahiru et al., 2019;Jin et al., 2022;Zhang, 2022;Nandy, 2022;Papoutsoglou et al., 2022;D'Amato & Korhonen, 2021;Khan et al., 2021;Khoshnava et al., 2019;Loiseau et al., 2016;Ürge-Vorsatz et al., 2016;Pfeiffer et al., 2016;Dulal et al., 2015;Oliveira et al., 2013;Chen et al., 2013) Empirical 29 32% (Macro-Fondevila et al., 2017;Holger et al., 2017;Pitk€anen et al., 2016;Ringel et al., 2016;Gibbs & O'Neill, 2015;Misso et al., 2013;Xu & Gao, 2022;Hou et al., 2022;Zheng et al., 2022;Liu & Dong, 2021;Li et al., 2021;Tian & Feng, 2021;Shuai & Fan, 2020;Zhu et al., 2020;Wu et al., 2020;He et al., 2019;Soomro et al., 2019;Wu et al., 2021;Higgs & Hill, 2018;Buseth, 2017;Law et al., 2016;Gunay et al., 2022;Lee et al., 2022;Nanayakkara & Colombage, 2021;Taskın et al., 2020;Saum et al., 2018;Conti et al., 2018;Pahle et al., 2016;Lindman & Söderholm, 2016) Source: prepared by authors ...
... Several previous studies have indicated that a transition to a green economy can be achieved through the following sectors (Table 6). 23 (Govindaraju et al., 2022;Weber & Cabras, 2017;Ringel et al., 2016;Knuth, 2018;He et al., 2019;Yi & Liu, 2015;Sarwar, 2022;Rathore et al., 2022;Wu et al., 2021;Solaymani, 2020;Matraeva et al., 2019;Shah & Niles, 2016;Amankwah-Amoah & Sarpong, 2016;Musango et al., 2014;Diyar et al., 2014;Papoutsoglou et al., 2022;Taskın et al., 2020;Conti et al., 2018;Ge & Zhi, 2016;Pahle et al., 2016;Lindman & Söderholm, 2016;Ürge-Vorsatz et al. ,2016;Gouvea et al., 2013) Green growth 4 (Dmuchowski et al., 2021;Luukkanen et al., 2018;Dornan et al., 2018;Gainsborough ,2017) Green finance 2 (Xu & Gao, 2022;Dulal et al., 2015) Climate 3 (Nhamo & Chipo, 2020;Lee et al., 2022;Bauhardt, 2014) Training and education 2 (Lebedev et al., 2015;Rosenberg et al., 2018) Green entrepreneurship, small and medium-sized enterprises, particularly in the waste sector 2 (Soomro et al., 2019;Higgs & Hill, 2018) Resource abundance, resource consumption, carbon neutral materials, natural resources, global capital and natural resources 5 (Tian & Feng, 2021;Wu et al., 2020;Attahiru et al., 2019;Saum et al., 2018;Maria et al., 2015) Agricultural growth, forest governance, food security, agri-food systems 4 (Buseth , 2017;Dressler et al., 2016;Lazzat et al, 2014;Santeramo, 2022) 185 From COP27 to COP28: Global Climate Concerns Fair Transition to a Green Economy Sustainable tourism 1 (Law et al., 2016) Sustainable mountain development 1 (Rueff et al., 2015) Factor productivity 1 (Zhu et al., 2020) Innovation and technology Cleantech, green innovation, technological innovation, digital economy database for analyzing environmental footprints 11 (Holger et al., 2017;Antonioli & Mazzanti, 2017;Davies, 2013;Ying et al., 2021;Liu & Dong, 2021;Li et al., 2021;Cabernard & Stephan, 2021;Ali et al., 2021;Zhang , 2022;Khan et al., 2021;Caprotti, 2016) Environmental policy Analyses of labour as a central part of the green economy discourse 1 (Neimark et al., 2020) Source: prepared by authors 186 From COP27 to COP28: Global Climate Concerns Fair Transition to a Green Economy ...
... Supply chain integration must be used in order for it to be a just transition to a green economy. Studies by Nhamo & Chipo (2020), Lee et al. (2022), and Bauhardt (2014) on recommendations for women in environmental management, cultural considerations, and gender equity were all accepted. In order to promote the green economy, because women make up a larger portion of the population than males do, and because they often handle domestic duties, they can be a significant shift in support for the green economy. ...
... These studies confirmed that women significantly played their economic role through accessing ICTs, microfinancing, tourism development, reproductive healthcare decisions, and business entrepreneurship activities. Secondly, the more significant number of earlier literature focuses on women's role in improving the global environment [18][19][20][21][22][23]. These studies argued that women's role in improving the global environment is merely possible when they fully acquired political autonomy, technology skills, reproductive healthcare treatments, organic agriculture production, energy value chain, financial literacy, and environmental awareness. ...
... The stringent environmental regulations and carbon pricing would be crucial to limit dirty polluting industries. The results are in line with the subsequent studies, including, Aluko and Okuwa [74], Musango et al. [75], Rola-Rubzen et al. [76], Rosca et al. [22], Brugere et al. [77], and Nhamo and Mukonza [21]. These studies argued that through technological spillovers, women's empowerment would help improve environmental protection. ...
... Brugere et al. [77] suggested that absorptive capacity and innovative technologies help transform women's abilities to perform better in agricultural farming. Nhamo and Mukonza [21] found that women's role in sustainable business would likely increase available opportunities that lead to them at higher management positions. Hence, women's engagement in the green business sector is crucial and gives them the empowerment to progress in this field to contribute to their country. ...
The role of women in economic development and the global environment is vital for progressing them towards the United Nations sustainable development goal (SDG-5) that emphasized the need to empower women in every walk of life. The study examines women’s autonomy in the sustainable development agenda under China’s open innovation system from 1975 to 2019. The study employed an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, vector autoregressive (VAR) Granger causality, and innovation accounting matrix to estimate parameters. The existing data are summarized and collated in the context of China to explain as a correlational study. The results show that women’s autonomy moderated with technology spills over to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and substantiate the hump-shaped relationship between them. The increased spending on research and development (R&D) activities, patent publications, and renewable energy consumption empowers women to be equipped with the latest sustainable technologies to improve environmental quality. The pollution haven hypothesis verifies a given country, where trade liberalization policies tend to increase polluting industries to set up their plants that engaged in dirty production that exacerbate GHG emissions. The causality estimates confirmed that technological innovations and renewable energy consumption leads to women’s autonomy. In contrast, females’ share in the labor force participation rate leads to an increase in renewable energy consumption. Thus, it is evident that there is a positive role of women in the country’s sustainable development.
... These gendered socialization processes can influence how individuals perceive and respond to environmental challenges, shaping their proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors (Ahmad et al., 2021). The existing literature holds several research studies that demonstrated differences in attitudes and behavior toward the environment among different sexes (Burkhardt et al., 2020;Nhamo and Mukonza, 2020). For instance, Chen and Chai (2010) conducted research among college students in Taiwan which revealed that the relationship between environmental knowledge and pro-environmental attitudes was stronger for female participants. ...
... The multigroup analysis revealed no significant difference between females and males regarding the mediating and serial double mediating effect of environmental attitude and environmental sensitivity on the relationship between environmental knowledge and proenvironmental behavior. This is in sharp contrast to the previous studies which found that women are more environmentally sensitive than males (Davidson and Freudenburg, 1996;Mostafa, 2007;Burkhardt et al., 2020;Nhamo and Mukonza, 2020) and therefore, tend to be more concerned for the environment and sustainability. These findings of our study also denied the fact that men are more likely to be environmentally knowledgeable than females (Gendall et al., 1995;Tikka et al., 2000). ...
Purpose
The study aims to investigate the mediating role played by environmental attitude and environmental sensitivity in the influence of environmental knowledge on pro-environmental behavior. Specifically, the study examined whether both environmental attitude and environmental sensitivity act as serial mediators between environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behavior. This study also explored whether there are gender differences in how environmental knowledge affects pro-environmental behavior through environmental attitude and environmental sensitivity.
Design/methodology/approach
A survey tool was distributed to university students in the northern region of India who had studied environmental studies as a compulsory subject during one of their semesters in their higher education program. A total of 558 responses were analyzed through nonparametric partial least squares multigroup analysis using PLS-SEM.
Findings
The results indicated that environmental knowledge significantly affected pro-environmental behavior. Moreover, environmental attitude and environmental sensitivity played significant mediating roles between environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behavior. Additionally, the results showed that the serial mediation effect of environmental attitude and environmental sensitivity in the relationship between environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behavior was significant. However, the findings did not show any significant gender difference in how environmental knowledge influences pro-environmental behavior, mediated serially by environmental attitude and environmental sensitivity.
Originality/value
Although vast literature is available on the relationship between environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behavior, a few studies have shown environmental attitude and environmental sensitivity as mediators. In addition, this study fills the gap in the existing research by exploring how environmental attitude and sensitivity serially mediate the nexus between environmental knowledge and pro-environmental behavior, particularly across genders.
... The university boosts this competence through environmental awareness programs and workshops, inclusive training that assimilates emotional involvement in sustainability efforts and mechanisms for sharing environmental knowledge and best practices (Prasetyo et al., 2024;Qu et al., 2022). The GCB is noted as the protagonist predictor of EP, GE and GP (Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020;Qu et al., 2022;Shaukat et al., 2023;Tanveer et al., 2024). It enriches individuals with project management skills, knowledge and green building standards, which enhance their technical and managerial abilities and lead to sustainable development in organizations (Cabral & Dhar, 2021;Sang et al., 2018). ...
... This motivation is important for promoting environmental behaviour and new green practices, especially when supported by a strong green organizational culture (Qu et al., 2022;Shaukat et al., 2023). According to Tanveer et al. (2024) and Nhamo and Mukonza (2020), green HRM is severely affected by business problems. Developing GCB through HR practices enhances employees' ability to take the initiative in implementing ustainable practices, thus enhancing GE (Dalla Valle et al., 2024). ...
Developing effective environmental performance (EP) is a significant challenge for every organization. The present paper examines the effect of green competence building (GCB), green empow-erment (GE) and green passion (GP) on EP. Besides, the paper also examines the mediating effect of GE and GP on GCB and EP. The study is quantitative, where researchers collected 298 responses from administrative and faculty staff of different public sector universities of Saudi Arabia employing a survey questionnaire. The PLS-SEM analysis exerts a positive influence of GCB on EP and GP. On the other hand, the effect of GCB on GE is not statistically significant. Moreover, the GP factor is a positive predictor of GE and EP. Finally, GE has a positive effect on EP. Concerning mediating effects, GE mediates the connection between GCB and EP. On the other hand, GP does not mediate the association between GCB and EP, and GE also does not develop the association between GP and EP. Based on the findings, the study recommends that policymakers and university authorities focus on developing an environment full of environmental awareness and skills among individuals within an organization. The study enriches and creates enthusiasm and commitment for the environment, where individuals engage in environmentally friendly behaviours and bring robust environmental sustainability. The study also recommends that organizations prioritize GCB to enhance EP and GP while nurturing a culture that inspires a passion for sustainability. ARTICLE HISTORY
... The university boosts this competence through environmental awareness programs and workshops, inclusive training that assimilates emotional involvement in sustainability efforts and mechanisms for sharing environmental knowledge and best practices (Prasetyo et al., 2024;Qu et al., 2022). The GCB is noted as the protagonist predictor of EP, GE and GP (Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020;Qu et al., 2022;Shaukat et al., 2023;Tanveer et al., 2024). It enriches individuals with project management skills, knowledge and green building standards, which enhance their technical and managerial abilities and lead to sustainable development in organizations (Cabral & Dhar, 2021;Sang et al., 2018). ...
... This motivation is important for promoting environmental behaviour and new green practices, especially when supported by a strong green organizational culture (Qu et al., 2022;Shaukat et al., 2023). According to Tanveer et al. (2024) and Nhamo and Mukonza (2020), green HRM is severely affected by business problems. Developing GCB through HR practices enhances employees' ability to take the initiative in implementing ustainable practices, thus enhancing GE (Dalla Valle et al., 2024). ...
Developing effective environmental performance (EP) is a significant challenge for every organization. The present paper examines the effect of green competence building (GCB), green empowerment (GE) and green passion (GP) on EP. Besides, the paper also examines the mediating effect of GE and GP on GCB and EP. The study is quantitative, where researchers collected 298 responses from administrative and faculty staff of different public sector universities of Saudi Arabia employing a survey questionnaire. The PLS-SEM analysis exerts a positive influence of GCB on EP and GP. On the other hand, the effect of GCB on GE is not statistically significant. Moreover, the GP factor is a positive predictor of GE and EP. Finally, GE has a positive effect on EP. Concerning mediating effects, GE mediates the connection between GCB and EP. On the other hand, GP does not mediate the association between GCB and EP, and GE also does not develop the association between GP and EP. Based on the findings, the study recommends that policymakers and university authorities focus on developing an environment full of environmental awareness and skills among individuals within an organization. The study enriches and creates enthusiasm and commitment for the environment, where individuals engage in environmentally friendly behaviours and bring robust environmental sustainability. The study also recommends that organizations prioritize GCB to enhance EP and GP while nurturing a culture that inspires a passion for sustainability.
... The impact of women's empowerment on various dimensions of development, such as economic growth, social justice, and health outcomes, is evident (Sen, 2019). Societies can enhance their overall well-being and promote inclusive growth by addressing gender disparities (Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020). Over the last century, women's empowerment laws and policies have changed. ...
... National programs addressing women's economic rights and political engagement demonstrate a wide range of efficacy. In certain locations, these policies have effectively enhanced women's socioeconomic position and political participation, while in others, they confront considerable hurdles such as cultural barriers and limited resources (Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020;Naveed et al., 2023). The varied findings highlight the need of developing and executing context-specific methods to eliminate local impediments and improve the efficacy of national policy. ...
Women's empowerment has been a prominent subject in global development agendas, reflecting a rising awareness of gender equality and women's rights. Economic, political, and social empowerment empowers women to take charge of their lives and contribute to society. Despite considerable advances, gender equality remains elusive owing to persisting inequities and hurdles. A comprehensive examination of worldwide legal and policy frameworks to empower women. It examines worldwide and national strategies to advance women's rights and gender equality. The paper assesses these frameworks' ability to reduce gender gaps and improve women's socioeconomic condition. The paper evaluates legal instruments, policies, and implementation tactics to identify achievements, gaps, and improvements. Systematic literature reviews locate and analyse relevant academic and policy material. An organised examination of research and policy papers reveals the efficiency of various frameworks and their effects on women's empowerment. International treaties, national legislation, and policy papers from many locations are reviewed for a comprehensive and inclusive perspective. The assessment found that legal and legislative frameworks for women's empowerment have improved, although implementation and effect vary by circumstance. International frameworks like CEDAW and the SDGs offer solid basic ideas. Political will, resources, and socio-cultural variables affect national policies and their implementation. To address current issues and promote gender equality, more integrated and context-specific tactics are needed.
... Again, Smit and Musango (2015) investigated the association among the shadow economy and the eco-economy that is green and concluded on the fact that involving the latter in studies about green economy could result in more efficient planning and policymaking, as planning will be more informed. Nhamo and Mukonza (2020) looked at the potential for women in South Africa's environmental and green economic development sectors. Extant studies as enunciated above have seldom neglected the link between green economy and agriculture productivity in achieving food security or how feasible is green agriculture in achieving food security. ...
... Though this research engages different approaches, because of the problem of endogeneity, inference is drawn from the result obtained from the generalised method of moments (GMMs). From the empirical study of Anser et al., (2021), Nhamo and Mukonza (2020) and Osabohien et al. (2023), the baseline estimation model (POLS) and fixed effect estimation technique may be specified, as presented in Eq. (3) where FudSec is food security, with as the constant term, GE captures green economy and X ′ it represents the covariate of control variables. These control variables are as follows: social protection, agricultural credit, arable land, information and communication technology, and agricultural employment, while e represents the error term. ...
The study is carried out with the objective of making contributions to the policy debate that is vital and relevant towards achieving sustainable development goals of ending poverty (SDG1), ensuring adequate food and nutrition (SDG2), promoting health and well-being (SDG3), ensuring sustainable management of water and sanitation (SGD6), building sustainable cities (SDG11), reducing emissions that cause climate change (SDG13), and protecting life in the ocean (SDG14) and on land (SDG15). The study used information from various data sources. This study made use of the data obtained from three main sources, notably, the FAO—Food and Agricultural Organisation, CPIA—Country Policy and Institutional Assessment and WDI—World Development Indicators to accomplish its goals. The data for the analysis cover the range of 2005 to 2020 for African countries that members of the International Development Association (37 nations). To handle the problem of endogeneity, they applied the GMM—generalised method of moments. Findings revealed that when the economy is green, the state of food security increases. It proves that one proportionate increase in a green economy may lead to the improvement of food security in Africa by 0.24%. The findings from the GMM show that as an economy becomes greener, the condition of food insecurity reduces. In conclusion, the study submits that it is required for all relevant stakeholders to focus on policy and strategies to reach green economic growth.
... It is influenced by international and national policies and corresponding interventions located at different levels. A multi-level approach is therefore indispensable if the potential of women's participation in green growth is to be fully realized (Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020). ...
... It entails continuously recognizing and comprehending the various roles and rights of women and men, as well as the unique difficulties experienced by many disadvantaged groups. At the home, neighborhood, national, and international levels, inequities between those who perform the work and those who control the benefits must be rectified (Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020). At every stage of the project cycle, interventions run the risk of being ineffective, inefficient, and unsustainable if gender-specific requirements and social, economic, and cultural realities aren't considered (Leach et al., 2015). ...
A low-carbon, resource-efficient, and socially inclusive economy is referred to as "green." In a green economy, the expansion of employment and income is fueled by public and private investment in such economic activities, infrastructure, and resources that enable lower carbon emissions and pollution, improved energy and resource efficiency, and the prevention of the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. One of the purposes of the green economy is to boost economic and investment growth while also improving social inclusion and environmental quality. The purpose of this research was to stimulate critical thinking about green economy for sustainable development in Africa. It was guided by the specific objectives, which included establishing a climate-smart agriculture and green economy for sustainable development; examining the potential for enhanced women's participation in the green economy; policy making to ensure women's role in a sustainable green economy; approaches to enhance women's participation in the green economy; and assessing the challenges facing the green economy. It was found that climate-smart agriculture helps to achieve the objectives of concrete sustainable development by tackling food security and climate challenges through incorporating the three facets of sustainable development. It was found that women in agriculture tend to be less corrupt and place a larger emphasis on social welfare and environmental issues than males, and this enhanced the green economy in Africa. However, a green economy emphasizes the need for more efficient resource use while enhancing policy coherence with nexus industries. Sub-Saharan African countries are embracing a green economy by lowering their reliance on charcoal and fuelwood, an energy source that has contributed to the destruction of forests. The multi-level approaches, multi-stakeholder approaches, local and participatory approaches, and gender equality in green were the approaches identified to enhance women's participation in the green economy. The challenges affecting green economy for sustainable development were dealing with diffuse environmental risks and poor policy implementation. Hence, to achieve greener growth, our economic and environmental policies must be more in tune with one another and even reinforce one another.
... Also, the role of gender in the relationship between CSR activities and employees' green behaviour has not been studied whereas studies in Western countries show that women pay more attention to environmental issues than men (Strapko et al., 2016;Xiao & McCright, 2015). Accordingly, on one hand, in previous studies, the socio-demographic characteristics have been identified as moderating factors in the relationship between attitudes and behaviours of individuals Burkhardt, 2020;Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020). On the other hand, Davidson and Freudenburg (1996) state that gender differences on environmental issues are not the same everywhere in the world. ...
... In addition, the results of this analysis represent that, among men, economic and philanthropic CSR, and, among women, ethical CSR has a positive and significant effect on the green behaviour of employees. Therefore, in line with the findings of previous studies Birindelli et al., 2019;Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020), it can be stated that to develop green behaviour in men, we must focus on economic issues and in women paid more attention to moral and value issues. These findings support the argument of Davidson and Freudenburg (1996) that gender differences in environmental issues are not the same everywhere in the world. ...
Literature in the field of corporate social responsibility (CSR) has mainly focused on customers, particularly on their loyalty, behavioural intent and satisfaction. That is, the effectiveness of CSR dimensions has been less considered by scholars. Hence, this research strives to explore the effect of CSR dimensions on the green behaviour among employees of food businesses in Iran. In this vein, the mediating role of green trust and the moderating role of gender in the relationship between the CSR dimensions and the green behaviour of employees have been investigated. The samples of this research included 415 employees of food businesses and companies in Iran. The findings reveal that the CSR dimensions (economic CSR, ethical CSR and philanthropic CSR) directly and indirectly—through the mediating variable of green trust—played an important role in shaping the green behaviour of employees. In this study, the direct and indirect effects of legal CSR on green behaviour among employees were not confirmed. Furthermore, the results represent that the gender variable moderates the effect of the CSR dimensions on the green behaviour of employees, highlighting that economic CSR and ethical CSR played a prominent role in shaping the green behaviour of respectively males and females. In addition, the theoretical and practical implications of the research discussed the impact of green behaviour on producing environmentally friendly products in order to sustainable development in the food business.
... Although there have been many studies examining the effects of gender on green behavior, to date, no agreement has yet been reached ( Briscoe et al., 2019 ;QASIM, 2014 ). Hence, the present study considers the moderating effect of gender on the indirect relationship of CSR, environmental performance via pro-environmental behavior due to the fact that the socio-demographic factors have been identified as potential moderators, in the prior literature, between attitudes and behaviors ( Burkhardt et al., 2020 ;Nhamo and Mukonza, 2020 ). The gender role is important to understand the different engagement of the employees with the environment protection which is, in turn dependent on the individuals' cultural background ( Folberg and Kaboli-Nejad, 2020 ). ...
... Concerning the gender effect, women were found to be more involved in environmental CSR than men. This finding is in accordance with the findings of Nhamo and Mukonza (2020) and Birindelli et al. (2019) . The policymakers are encouraged to promote the presence of women at Pakistan workplaces. ...
Since Pakistan is vulnerable to changing climatic conditions, the country needs emergency measures at every level to mitigate their effect. Many studies have addressed Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) at the macro or institutional level, but its effect at the micro-level is largely ignored in the contemporary literature. The present study aims at filling this gap by highlighting the role of micro-level CSR on Environmental Performance (ENP) and how it is influenced by employees’ pro-environmental (PEB) behavior and gender. This study has been carried out in the context of deteriorating environmental conditions, scarce CSR activities and a male dominant society. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire targeting the manufacturing and the service sectors of Pakistan and analyzed through the structural equation modeling technique, using AMOS and SPSS software. The results of this study confirm that micro-level CSR initiatives directly (β = 0.39⁎⁎) and indirectly (β = 0.031⁎⁎) influence the environmental performance of an organization by means of employees’ PEB. A conditional indirect gender effect on this interaction was also observed, with women (β =0.17⁎⁎) exerting a stronger effect than men (β = 0.031⁎⁎). These findings may be helpful for policymakers involved in environmental management: It is possible to reduce the environmental footprint of Pakistan's organizations by encouraging employee's PEB and particularly by actively involving women which are systematically set apart from decision making in Pakistan.
... Research on demographic factors such as gender, age, ethnicity, income, and education underscores their critical role in shaping a green economy (Nhamo and Mukonza 2020;Ottelin 2022). Additionally, population dynamics influence key developmental challenges of the 21st century, including food, water, and energy security; poverty; employment; inequality; social protection; health; education; environmental sustainability; and climate change mitigation and adaptation (Bloom 2020). ...
The green economy is considered a strategy to deal with the impacts of climate change. This study provides deeper understanding of the relations, implementation, and engagement of the green economy with population groups, particularly youth, elderly, and gender-based groups. This article synthesizes working papers from qualitative research on the 2020 Long-Form Population Census in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Findings highlight the pivotal role of sociodemographic dynamics, particularly youth, elderly, and gender, in shaping green economic practices in Indonesia. Studies suggest that the younger generation has a significant role in driving innovation and technological advancements, while the elderly have a crucial responsibility in preserving cultural traditions that contribute to sustainable development. Furthermore, women excel as leaders in the field of green economic practices, particularly in waste management. The findings suggest further green economy practices should take into account social and demographic, cultural context, and organizational structures to reach sustainable development. Furthermore, acknowledging the socio-demographic aspect is also essential within the framework of the green economy paradigm, as well as in the planning and implementation of policies and practices designed to achieve an inclusive green economy.
... This evidence aligns with studies on sustainable agricultural practices from Mexico and Brazil [27], which underscore the need to balance agricultural productivity with environmental conservation. Consistent with findings by [28] through [31], enhancing soil fertility and ensuring the sustainable allocation of arable land are critical for long-term improvements in food safety. ...
This research examines the relationship between a green economy—defined as an economy that promotes sustainable development through low-carbon, resource-efficient, and socially inclusive practices—and food safety across 37 African countries from 2005 to 2020. Drawing on data from the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), the Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA), and World Development Indicators, this study employs the generalized method of moments (GMM) approach to address endogeneity issues inherent in economic analyses. The findings indicate that a shift toward a greener economy significantly enhances food safety, with each one-point improvement in green economic indicators associated with a 0.24% increase in food safety levels. This underscores that as African economies reduce carbon footprints and adopt sustainable agricultural practices, they experience fewer food safety challenges, largely due to improved environmental health and reduced biodiversity loss. The study concludes that prioritizing green economic growth is essential for environmental sustainability and the agricultural sector’s stability. These insights emphasize the need for policymakers and stakeholders to implement green economy strategies that enhance both ecological resilience and food security, ultimately improving health and livelihood outcomes in African communities.
This study stands apart from existing literature by uniquely focusing on the relationship between the green economy and food safety within the African context, which remains underexplored despite the continent’s pressing environmental and food security challenges. Utilizing a dynamic panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) model, the research rigorously addresses endogeneity concerns to provide robust insights into how environmental management and other green economy policies influence food safety outcomes across 37 African nations. This methodological approach enables more accurate capture of temporal dynamics and causal relationships, offering policymakers context-specific, evidence-based recommendations tailored to Africa's socio-economic and ecological realities.
... This study is in line with the findings of the ILO (2012) [14], which also found that many environmentally friendly jobs (green jobs) are expected to be concentrated in economic areas that have historically had limited representation of women. On the other hand, the study by Nhamo & Mukonza (2020) [30] highlighted opportunities for women in environmental sectors, showing that women have been empowered to take leadership roles in this field. The green economy, with a particular emphasis on the agricultural sector, is highlighted as a significant effort to empower both women and the youth. ...
This study is focused on two main objectives: 1) to analyze the factors that influence the possibility of individuals working in the green job sector in Indonesia, and 2) to analyze the effects of green jobs on individuals’ income. Using data from the National Labor Force Survey (SAKERNAS), the study employed (1) logistic regression to examine the factors that determine an individual's likelihood of getting a green job, (2) regression analyses based on Heckman selection bias correction to see the effects of green jobs on workers' income. The results show that the characteristics of green jobs in Indonesia are dominated by young and prime-age male workers with low education and experience, with no physical or mental health problems. From the welfare perspective, green workers tend to have higher income levels than those of workers employed in the non-green job sector. This research fills a significant gap, as studies on green jobs in Indonesia—particularly those focusing on wage levels—are scarce. Therefore, it is crucial to develop tailored policy strategies that address green job creation, benefiting both environmental quality and the labor market. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2024-05-03-014 Full Text: PDF
... As the global economy transitions, the green industry-encompassing areas like renewable energy, green construction, and green entrepreneurship-has become a crucial engine for future development (Baruah & Gaudet, 2022;Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020;Sharma et al., 2022), positively impacting the economy, communities, and the environment. These fields not only provide pathways for SD in human society, but also unprecedented employment opportunities for women. ...
This research investigates the relationship between Green Finance (GF) and Gender Equality (GE) within the context of sustainable development, revealing that existing frameworks lack an integrated approach to incorporating GE into GF. By reviewing 125 relevant articles published from 2004 to 2024, the author also found that women's empowerment significantly promotes GF development, while gender diversity enhances environmental management and corporate performance. Furthermore, the contributions of women in climate adaptation and environmental sustainability should not be overlooked. In conclusion, there is a pressing need to incorporate a gender perspective into GF policies and practices, which calls for further exploration of gender-sensitive financing models and the culture impact on GF and GE, aiming to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) more effectively.
... However, the contribution of women in the development of the green economy is yet to be fully realised and their resources remain untapped. (Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020) highlighted the need to raise awareness among women about the prospects of their intervention and contributions in the domain of green management. Women are more positively influenced by green promotions and campaigns (Lassi et al., 2021). ...
This article aims to identify the role of women in achieving a green environment in a family system. With green practices gaining significance for the adoption of sustainability, not only at the corporate level but also at the household level, it becomes essential to measure the role and impact of a green consciousness of women in adopting green purchase behaviour in families. A standardised questionnaire was designed, and a purposive sampling approach was used to acquire 621 samples. This research implemented confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate the model. PLS-SEM analysis is used to validate the developed model. The existing green behaviour literature focuses on three dimensions: environmental attitude, concern, and behaviour. This article investigated the significance of the three dimensions in individual women in the household and their importance in determining their influence on the family's green behaviour. CFA was used to test the discovered factors, and the results were published.
... However, the contribution of women in the development of the green economy is yet to be fully realised and their resources remain untapped. (Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020) highlighted the need to raise awareness among women about the prospects of their intervention and contributions in the domain of green management. Women are more positively influenced by green promotions and campaigns (Lassi et al., 2021). ...
... Recognizing the transformative impact of the internet on our lives [29,33], people now view the internet as a dependable source of information on products and services. However, the use of the internet for mobile applications in rural areas in developing countries, including South Africa, has not been growing as fast as the internet's other uses [34,35]. One possible rationale for this uneven growth could be the hesitancy of entrepreneurs to divulge personal business information on crowd-based mobile application platforms. ...
... However, it is important to deepen the understanding of these dimensions as part of the search for innovations in participatory mechanisms for resolving environmental conflicts, considering the expansion of gender equality in decision-making processes and climate change mitigation policies. In fact, it is well known that despite progress in various sectors, women remain underrepresented in decisionmaking positions and face significant barriers in accessing opportunities within the green economy (Littig, 2017;Nhamo and Mukonza, 2020). The EU funded H2020 PHOENIX project incorporates a gender-sensitive perspective by adopting a multifaceted and participatory approach. ...
Introduction: The H2020-funded PHOENIX project (2022–2025) aims to enhance democratic innovations to implement the European Green Deal (EGD) at local, regional, and national levels, focusing on key policy areas like farm-to-fork, circular economy, energy transition, and healthy soil. Despite the European Green Deal’s ambitious goals for a climate-neutral Europe by 2050, it primarily emphasizes technological solutions and overlooks social vulnerabilities like gender, class, and race. In the light of the European Commission’s efforts to promote gender equality in EU-funded projects through the implementation of Gender Equality Plans (GEPs), the study carried out a comprehensive literature review aimed at gaining insights into the intricate relationship between gender and the environment with a particular focus on the intersection of gender and research and innovation, especially within the context of the European Green Deal. Drawing on their experience as action researchers developing a Gender Equality Plan within the H2020 PHOENIX project, the authors emphasize the importance of gender-sensitive research in environmental projects and underscore the significance of a participatory approach in achieving effective gender change. The lack of reporting on experiences of incorporating a gender perspective has resulted in a significant knowledge gap regarding the various impacts that environmental actions can have on people’s lives, based on their gender. The article endeavours to bridge this gap by achieving two main goals: highlighting the importance of gender-sensitive research in environmental projects and discussing how the gender gap is addressed in the H2020 PHOENIX project through its participatory approach to design the Gender Equality Plan.
Methods: This paper reports on the participatory approach adopted within the H2020 PHOENIX project to develop a Gender Equality Plan. This participatory approach draws from literature that underscores the advantages of collaboration in effecting change towards gender equality. This method entailed the active engagement of all project partners during a co-creation session for creating a gender equality plan held during the annual project meeting and has underpinned the comprehensive PHOENIX gender mainstreaming framework.
Findings and discussion: The results of the co-creation session for creating a Gender Equality Plan provided a robust foundation for the comprehensive approach to mainstreaming gender within the PHOENIX project that could guide the project towards a more gender-sensitive research. This analytical and planning phase, despite being an early stage, became the cornerstone of the gender equality plan and also defined the specific steps and actions needed to address the gender topic effectively within the consortium. This process led to the identification of strategic goals and actions aligned with specific goals of the project and intertwined with the challenges of the Democratic Innovations’ capacity of developing their full transformative potential when dealing with environmental topics. The strategic goals were then transformed by the PHOENIX partners into levels of observation and specific actions to be adopted within the consortium.
... La desigualdad de género en salud y educación tiene más posibilidad de disminuir, en contraste con las desigualdades económicas y políticas que son más profundas, de forma particular en culturas en las que la contribución de la mujer a la sociedad tiene poco reconocimiento o bien existen diferencias en el desarrollo de las economías. Ya que el promover la igualdad de género mediante indicadores se relaciona con del desarrollo sostenible de los países (Núñez et al., 2020;Nhamo y Mukonza, 2020) mediante el reconocimiento de la contribución de las mujeres a la economía del cuidado a los sistemas económicos nacionales. Es decir, la omisión en la implementación de las acciones de igualdad de género mediante los ODS requerirá de 100 años para reducir la brecha y de forma puntual, para cerrar la brecha económica de género, de 257 años (Morgan et al., 2020). ...
En la región de Asia Pacífico se ubican países con alto desarrollo económico, que destacan por su diversidad cultural y política, así como diferencias en diversos aspectos como el género. En México, el tema presenta serios desafíos, ya que el avance en algunos indicadores del Índice Global de Brechas de Género (2022) es lento. Por su parte, Japón, país que sigue relegando a las mujeres a un papel social secundario, indica que no siempre un país con mayor desarrollo es sinónimo de una mejor posición de igualdad para la mujer. El objetivo de investigación es el análisis comparativo de la situación actual de la mujer en Asia Pacífico, particularmente en los países de Japón y en México, mediante una revisión documental y de la utilización de la etnografía como técnica. Se comparan los distintos indicadores en torno a la medición de la equidad de género para determinar la relación entre desarrollo económico y nivel de equidad de género en los países elegidos, confirmando que el avance en la equidad de género en un país carece de relación con su nivel de desarrollo económico. De tal manera que permanece en la agenda de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable 2030, para mejorar el nivel de vida de la población, además de su crecimiento económico.
... Drawing insight from the study by Nhamo et al. (2020) and Osabohien et al. (2022), this study specifies an empirical model given in Eq. ...
Expanding food production to commensurate with population growth has often come at a cost resulting from environmental problems. Industries generate pollutants that destroy the environment and negatively affect the level of food security. These trends threaten the sustainability of food systems and undermine the capacity to meet food security needs. Against this backdrop, this study examines how the green environment influences food security in Africa. To further articulate the novelty and contributions of the research to the extant literature, the study also examines the interaction effect of the green environment and social protection on food security. The study engaged panel data consisting of 37 African countries listed in the International Development Association (IDA) of the World Bank. The data was sourced from Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO), Country Policy and Institutional Assessment (CPIA) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) for the period 2005 to 2019 and applied the system Generalised Method of Moments (SGMM). The result shows that a green environment and social protection are statistically significant and positively determine the level of food security in Africa. In addition, the result shows that a green environment and social protection interaction positively and significantly influence food security. The implication is that a 1% increase in the drive for a green environment may improve the level of food security by 0.8%. Also, increases in the level of social protection intervention may increase food security by 1.2%. The interaction between social protection and food security can increase food security by 0.96%. In summary, it is found that African countries under study have moderate social protection coverage and policy for environmental management and sustainability required to drive food security. The discussions of the findings and policy implications of the study are underscored in the paper.
... Further research on the green economy in South Africa focused on assessing women's opportunities in environmental sectors and green economy development (Nhamo and Mukonza, 2020). The researchers observed it is essential for policymakers to raise awareness in women of the interventions and opportunities to enhance their capacity at the conceptualization stage of the project and managerial levels. ...
With the increased efforts and focus on sustainable development and changes in the climate, literature has given more attention to the green economy. However, researchers have not yet been totally able to consensus on the definition of this phenomenon. The study presented in the paper provides an overview of the advancements present in research on the green economy for the period from 1990 to 2020. Using a bibliometric analysis approach, the paper summarizes the trends of development and the status quo of the green economy. The aim is to provide the reader with guidance and a solid conceptual framework for future research.
... Further research on the green economy in South Africa focused on assessing women's opportunities in environmental sectors and green economy development (Nhamo and Mukonza, 2020). The researchers observed it is essential for policymakers to raise awareness in women of the interventions and opportunities to enhance their capacity at the conceptualization stage of the project and managerial levels. ...
With the increased efforts and focus on sustainable development and changes in the climate, literature has given more attention to the green economy. However, researchers have not yet been totally able to consensus on the definition of this phenomenon. The study presented in the paper provides an overview of the advancements present in research on the green economy for the period from 1990 to 2020. Using a bibliometric analysis approach, the paper summarizes the trends of development and the status quo of the green economy. The aim is to provide the reader with guidance and a solid conceptual framework for future research.
... The search for gender equality through monitoring the SDGs and indicators is not only related to promoting the autonomy of women, but is also associated with conditions that promote the sustainable development of countries [21,22], in that it recognizes the contribution of women and the care economy to the national economic systems. Not taking into consideration this latter condition would limit the execution of strategies to promote equality, and if no gender equality action were implemented through the SDGs, it would take at least 100 years to narrow the gap, and specifically 257 years to close the gender economic gap [23]. ...
This article analyzes the behavior of gender indicators on the economic, physical, and decision-making autonomy of Latin-American women, based on data compiled and published in 2020 by the Gender Equality Observatory of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC), for 17 countries. Using the HJ-Biplot multivariate technique, it is concluded that the three evaluated areas interact with each other, in such a way that they cannot be interpreted in isolation because their relationships and interdependencies explain the differences in the participation of men and women in the socioeconomic and political environment of the nations in the region. Additionally, it is concluded that in countries such as Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Bolivia, and Ecuador, greater public policy actions are required to seek the economic empowerment of women; while in Brazil, Mexico, and Colombia, laws are necessary to regulate violence against women. It is necessary to continue promoting gender equality in the region as a determinant factor in methodological frameworks and transformational policies to enable moving towards the construction of sustainable societies and economies.
... Smit and Musango [50] explored the nexus between green economy and the informal economy in South Africa and argues that by engaging the informal economy in discussions on the green economy, a more informed policy and planning environment may ensue, resulting in more socially equitable and environmentally sustainable development. Nhamo and Mukonza [44] examined the opportunities available for women in green economy development and environmental sectors in South Africa. They observed that although opportunities are abound for women in the green economy and environmental sectors, it is imperative for policy makers to raise awareness of the available opportunities and interventions to build capacity at project conceptualization and management levels. ...
Green economy development strategies and the transition from conventional economic development models to green economy has become necessary due to the negative impact of conventional economic development models on the local and global environment. Despite Ghana's effort to transition to green economy that is made evident by the implementation of a number of green economy related policies and strategies, the country is yet to record any significant achievement in that regard. This study therefore used the SWOT analytical tool to access the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats of Ghana's green economy transformation efforts. The results revealed that the country's geographical location, environmental policies, potential for green energy mix, a young and dynamic population, the country's effort to reduce poverty levels and illiteracy rates are the main strengths. However, factors such as weak institutions, inadequate funding for green technologies innovations, inadequate long term policies for green strategies and inadequate political will are some key weaknesses. The study further found commercial interests in driving the development and transfer of green technology, cross-border collaborations and global attention to climate change, local and international support for green economy, awareness and understanding of environmental protection as some of the major opportunities. Inadequate commitment to support technology development and transfer, cost of green technologies, increasing threat of climate change and corruption were identified as threats to Ghana's effort to green its economy. In conclusion, it is imperative that policy makers develop strategies that can help take advantage of the strengths and opportunities while serving as solutions to the weakness and threats. Among other things, it is important for policy makers to prioritize science and technology education to support green economy development.
... A number of researchers during recent decades in the fields of the green economy (Khoshnava et al., 2020;Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020;Soomro, Ghumro, & Shah, 2020) and green growth have used various statistic and mathematics methods and approaches for evaluating these topics such as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) (Shen, Baležentis, Chen, & Valdmanis, 2018;Zhao & Yang, 2017), econometric regression (Kunapatarawong & Martínez-Ros, 2016;Sonnenschein & Mundaca, 2016). However, although in the literature, some efforts used different methods to evaluate green growth efficiency and indicators. ...
Recent years have witnessed the green growth as a renowned efficient approach to tracking the progress towards sustainable development. The paper is mainly aimed to propose an innovative extended approach based on Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) and Interval‐Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Set (IVIFS); thus, it is called IVIF Combined Compromise Solution (IVIF‐CoCoSo). This study is the first effort that used the fuzzy sets theory and decision‐making technique (entitled IVIF‐CoCoSo) to rank and evaluate the indicators of green growth to sustainable manufacturing in the manufacturing sector. To reach the study objectives, a total of five indicators and 30 sub‐indicators for evaluation of green growth are collected from the existing literature review. Subsequently, this study has been extended using the IVIF‐CoCoSo approach for ranking, modeling, and evaluating the green growth indicators into sustainable manufacturing based on experts' opinions. The results of this study showed that the environmental and resource productivity of the economy indicators is more significant than the other indicators in the manufacturing sector. Moreover, findings confirmed the accuracy of the proposed method in solving the green growth problem, and comparison was also made between the results of the proposed method and some other Multi‐Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) methods.
... Sustainable development is a growth parameter that meets requirements of the current time without negotiating the capability of future generations in meeting their own requirements [29][30][31]. An evolution has been experienced of the concept of sustainable development over time from the earlier time where focus was on the environmental dimension to the present understanding that sustainable development is a process that incorporates economic, environmental, and societal objectives [32,33]. Though sustainable development is a challenging concept, its fundamentals are very clear which states the maintenance of the integrity of bio physical and natural systems. ...
It is becoming more and more certain that globalization is not just purely an economical phenomenon; it is exhibiting itself on a worldwide level. Amid globalization’s observable appearances, the most obvious are the larger international mobility of goods and services, flows of finance capital, data and information and most importantly people. On top of that, there are technological progresses and more international cultural interactions, which are facilitated by the enhancement of free trade of large quantities of more differentiated goods and also through immigration and tourism. The political changes and ecological concerns play an important part in this regard. In the current study, sustainability Indices are linked with the KOF Globalization Index to understand if more globalized countries are performing better in terms of sustainable development and its dimensions, especially environmental sustainability. Sustainability indices such as Human Development Index (HDI) and Environmental Performance Index (EPI) showed a stronger relation with different levels of globalization while others (Red List Index (RLI), Environment Sustainability Index (ESI)) did not. The results reveal that globalization has a positive implication on sustainability in the overall perspective.
... The goal of multi-stakeholder partnerships for the advancement of a green economy is to hasten and solidify sustainable shifts in patterns of production and consumption. UN Environment has expanded its involvement with the business sector, which is a crucial player in advancing energy resource efficiency and the green economy, in addition to governments and non-profit groups (Nhamo & Mukonza, 2020). Putting the green economy agenda into practice, artificial intelligence (AI) is necessary for a sustainable energy future because it has the potential to revolutionize energy efficiency on a never-before-seen scale. ...
In the global energy mix, renewable energy technologies are essential sources of hope for coordinating the entire paradigm shift toward sustainable green economy. The shift to a green economy means reinventing energy systems and energy model through controlled policies that promote social well- being and economic growth. It entails implementing policies that reduce carbon emissions, support ecosystem preservation, and stimulate the use of renewable energy sources towards reducing climate change, protecting ecological species and improving the environmental ecosystem sustainability. This paper established that in order to compel global renewable energy future, all relevant parties from governments to commercial organizations and non- governmental organizations must work together to promote sustainable energy future for economic growth and environmental friendly microgrid energy system for rural electrification, in addition to identifying the current knowledge gaps in green economy sustainability.
Greening the economy is commonly called achieving economic growth while promoting environmental benefits and reducing the ecological footprint of economic activities. The concept focuses on minimizing the negative impact on the environment while maintaining economic and social progress through sustainable development. The greening of the economy is a complex process where a transition to a green economy requires a multi-dimensional approach that involves a wide range of activities, from policymaking to practices, and is affected by various determinants, factors, and evaluation indicators. Even though several scholarly discussions focus on refining the definitional scope of greening and discussing unique opportunities and perceptions of greening economies in different contexts, a broader overall conceptualization developed on the topic is hardly found. Thus, the present chapter aims to develop a comprehensive framework that acts as a ground to conceptualize opportunities and perceptions of greening an economy. Based on a systematic literature review, the opportunities available in the existing literature are synthesized to develop the framework, and the perceptions are identified based on relevant key literature. Accordingly, perceptions of greening can be determined on three broad bases: anticipated outcomes, transformational effects, and operational concerns. Most importantly, it was evident that the opportunities for greening available in existing literature can be identified in six major approaches: government interventions, financing and investment, technological advancements, innovation and knowledge creation, production and distribution, conservation and resilience, and social responsibility. The literature-based conceptualization in the present study would simplify the vague landscape of greening the economy, enabling sensible solutions for integrating the multiple economic, social, and environmental dimensions more successfully.
The current global environmental landscape confronts unparalleled challenges, requiring a variety of perspectives to cultivate enduring solutions. This study delves into the crucial subject of promoting women's involvement in environmental preservation, aiming to rectify gender disparities in engagement. It explores the historical legacies of women in conservation, ranging from the pioneering work of Rachel Carson to the transformative Green Belt Movement led by Wangari Maathai. Employing a research approach deeply rooted in extensive secondary data, this study investigates the multifaceted aspect of women’s participation in environmental preservation. The results spotlight significant historical and contemporary contributions, underlining the economic, social, and environmental advantages of empowering women. Recommendations underscore the necessity for gender diversity, inclusiveness, and skill enhancement within environmental organizations, policy development, and grassroots movements. A prominent discovery emphasizes the considerable impact women have in surmounting gender-related hurdles within the field, underscoring their resilience. This study offers actionable suggestions for promoting gender equality within the field, underscoring that women’s empowerment in environmental preservation is a vital strategy for a sustainable future. However, this study highlights the pivotal role of women in addressing environmental challenges, providing insights into methods for fostering gender equality. It underscores the necessity for gender inclusivity in realizing global sustainability objectives, emphasizing women’s contributions to environmental preservation as fundamental to shaping a more inclusive and sustainable future.
Purpose
This research aims to explore the role of banks in supporting women agriculture entrepreneurs (WAEs) to contribute towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It focusses on the experiences of women entrepreneurs in the agriculture sector, recognising their vital role in driving economic growth and achieving the SDGs.
Design/methodology/approach
The study utilises the role congruity theory and the feminist agri-food systems model as its theoretical framework. Qualitative data from 35 WAEs and 7 bank managers (BMs) responsible for agricultural financial services and business development are collected and thematically analysed to achieve the research objectives.
Findings
Although BMs claim they offer specialised financial products with dedicated support teams, WAEs express scepticism due to fears of unfavourable deals and excessive requirements. WAEs need more understanding of SDGs but recognise their substantial contributions. BMs acknowledge the need to enhance efforts, improve communication of offers and integrate SDGs across all business operations beyond agriculture and women-centric initiatives.
Practical implications
Banks must prioritise gender sensitivity and inclusivity for WAEs, offering tailored financial products and flexible loan structures. Microfinance and strategic marketing can enhance outreach. WAEs benefit from forming associations, accessing support networks, collaborating with banks, government agencies, non-governmental organisations and agricultural associations for mentoring and networking, and achieving the SDGs and sustainable agriculture.
Originality/value
The study connects WAEs and banks in achieving SDGs.
The concept of “green growth” is gaining global momentum as a means of mitigating the environmental impact of human activities. However, transitioning to a green economy requires new green skills and a shift in mindset. Empowering women intentionally and strategically, particularly in Africa, can unlock the continent’s untapped potential and drive economic growth due to their significant labour force. Green reskilling is a crucial aspect of the green economy as it promotes gender equality and empowers women, leading to poverty alleviation and economic growth. This chapter underscores the importance of green reskilling for African women and the need to create gender-sensitive policies and strategies for climate change mitigation at all levels—local, regional, and national. By doing so, women can play a more active role in driving the transition to a greener and more sustainable future for Africa.
Sustainable development is a key concept in environmental law that tries to strike a balance between technology and the preservation of the environment. Economic development cannot be achieved at the expense of environmental degradation. Green finance is the most realistic approach to economic and ecological growth. Several summits and conferences have embraced a sustainable development framework for their action plans in order to address the critical concerns of climate change, aiming at 2030 Sustainable Development Goals which is a set of 17 goals that will work to maintain the balance among economic, social, and environmental sustainability. The chapter aims to provide an insight into the present status of green finance along with its impact on start-ups. The present stats suggest a wide range of start-ups coming out from various sectors, leading India to a global stage of discussion in terms of its participation toward economic and environmental sustainability. As per the extracted published report, it is suggested that the government is taking various initiatives in terms of programs and providing green finance funding to the blooming start-ups and at the same time Indian young entrepreneurs are taking huge benefits out of this by implementation of sustainability start-ups. For some years, India has been on a path toward green project financing, with considerable changes made to the country's financial industry to adopt environmentally friendly practises. Businesses are the engine of the economy, and implementing sustainable business practises is important to achieving carbon neutrality.
This chapter examines how women’s economic empowerment and female entrepreneurship can drive the growth and development of nations. Achieving empowerment and autonomy for women requires improving their political, social, economic, and health conditions. It is also essential for sustainable development. The balance between men and women’s roles is crucial in maintaining a household and raising children. Globally, women face challenges to their lives, health, and well-being, due to overwork and a lack of power and influence. In many regions, women have less access to formal education than men, and their skills and abilities often go unrecognized.
The complexity of interactions between the global economy, social trends, cultural aspects, human behavior economics, and their impact on capital markets demand a new approach to investing for future generations. Social innovation, social entrepreneurship, and next generation impact investment models will likely be the trifecta of our post-pandemic economic recovery journey and the foundation for the 5th Industrial Revolution era. Gender disparity represents a prime target for impact investments along climate crisis, economic inequality, racial injustice, and other crises that have been plaguing our society. The pandemic has only accelerated these, and we have noticed an upward impact investing trend that has reached new heights. Ensuring diversity and inclusion in investments is a powerful trend that will persist in the post-pandemic era, promote economic growth, and lead to empowerment of future generations of young women.
Public policies are made to solve public problems. A problem can be said to be a public problem if reality and expectations are different. Women and men have the opportunity to participate in gender equitable development. One of the key components for the successful implementation of gender mainstreaming is the formulation of gender-responsive policies, namely policies that are able to respond to differences in experiences, aspirations and needs between women and men. This article discusses the importance of gender mainstreaming policies and innovations carried out by the Secretary General as a driver institution for gender mainstreaming, realizing gender equality and justice within the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF). It is a descriptive qualitative research with respondents from Policy Makers in the Secretary General of MoEF with purposive sampling. The data were collected through questionnaires, focus group discussion. Data were analyzed using a systematic literature review (SLR) model. A gender policy through the Regulation of the MoEF, the innovations carried out by driver institution. Conclusion of this article is gender mainstreaming policies are important for incorporated into the MoEF’s environmental and forestry policies.
Environmental demanding situations require businesses to innovative as a way to gain each environmental, economic and social goals. This article objectives to suggest the elements influencing improvement of green female entrepreneurship thinking about the improvement possibilities thru standardization and gender equality inherent within side the green economy. Using the methods of regression evaluation with the aggregate of Likert's scale approach, 226 woman entrepreneurs from Serbia in 2021 have been involved in the research. The findings display female entrepreneurship however also, that there may be inadequate interest been committed to them within side the procedure of greening their enterprise in green economy support measures for small and medium companies.
South Africa’s Renewable Energy Independent Power Producer (REIPP) procurement programme is hailed worldwide as a model for renewable energy procurement. Its success is far from experimental and haphazard and points directly to lessons acquired prior to, and during, the launch and running of the programme. This article explores the journey to the REIPP procurement programme and draws critical lessons from the process. It discusses the success of the REIPP procurement programme in developing the renewable energy sector in South Africa, drawing seven key lessons explain this success and exploring the remaining challenges. The article shows that, despite the need for further improvements and continual optimisation, the development of the REIPP procurement programme has been a positive illustration of successful policy and regulatory learning processes.
Purpose of Review
Using practice theories as the analytical framework, this paper assesses the potential of the Economic Community of West African States’ (ECOWAS) first ever regional policy on Gender Mainstreaming in Energy Access to produce the desired behavioral changes envisioned.
Recent Findings
The policy came to fruition after a multi-year, multi-stakeholder effort of research, advocacy, and consensus building; all spearheaded by an institution of the community, the ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE). The success of the ECOWAS policy has led to the development of a related regional level legal instrument, monitoring protocols, institutional evolutions, as well as replication efforts in other African regions.
Summary
The policy’s provisions were aimed at changing the mind-sets and, eventually, behaviors of people concerned and were designed in order to increase its chances of successful implementation; however, the onus lies on the constituent governments of the community to provide incentives for its full and effective implementation in order to guarantee its success.
This chapter maps the green economy landscape in South Africa where many such policyinterventions have emerged: The 2009 framework for responding to economic crisis; theMedium-Term Strategic Framework 2009-2014; the National Strategy for SustainableDevelopment and Action Plan (NSSD1 2011-2014); the Long-Term Mitigation Scenarios;the 2010 Green Economy Summit Report [Statement of Conclusion]; the National ClimateChange Response White Paper; the Medium-Term Budget Policy Statement 2011; the NewGrowth Path; the Industrial Policy and Action Plan II; Environmental Fiscal Instruments; thedraft Carbon Tax; the Ten-Year Innovation Plan; National Skills Development Strategy 3;Integrated Resource Plan II; The Medium-Term Strategic Framework 2009-2014; GreenEconomy Accord; National Development Plan: Vision 2030; and policy statements leadingfrom COP17 to RIO+20. The green economy interventions from industry discussed inthis chapter include the CDP and CDP Water, King III (Integrated Reporting), and ClimateChange Criteria on the JSE SRI. The aim of the chapter is to create a link and highlight thepossible reasons why corporate South Africa has taken the decision to move towards agreen economy.
The informal economy is a vibrant and growing phenomenon, offering both opportunities and lessons on resilience and innovation. When considering global social, economic and environmental challenges, resilience and innovation are valuable response strategies. The notion of a green economy has similarly inspired a number of ideological, geopolitical and institutional responses, yet a review of the dominant approach indicates the propensity to undervalue or ignore the informal economy. Within the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication, connecting the informal economy with the green economy is imperative. This paper explores possible connections between the green economy and the informal economy in South Africa and argues that by engaging the informal economy in discussions on the green economy, a more informed policy and planning environment may ensue, resulting in more socially equitable and environmentally sustainable development.
Readiness! This is a concept interchanged with preparedness and, many assume, adequate knowledge. Simple as it may be, readiness denotes a complex interaction of parameters and conditionalities required for an uptake of a phenomenon – in the context of this article, green economy transition. Following deliberations to and from Rio + 20, there is no doubt the world is set to undertake green economy as a means to attaining sustainable development, poverty eradication, job creation and equity evermore. At the heart of the green economy is the need to address negative impacts associated with one of the key global challenges of our epoch, climate change. The question this article seeks to address is: To what extent is South Africa green economy ready? Focusing on the national sphere of government, the article concludes that this country has moved swiftly in addressing key readiness parameters, including high-level commitment and stakeholder buy-in, enhancing institutional set-up, developing the necessary legislation, establishing funding mechanisms and having programmes running on the ground. However, more work is still needed in areas such as continued domestication of the understanding on green economy, addressing weak individual and institutional capacity, increasing funding, proliferation of policies, matching national to global interests on green economy, and the role of higher (including further) education.
Climate variability presents different challenges for men and for women in their efforts to ensure household food security. However, despite their central role, gender issues have received only cursory attention in adaptation studies. This article looks at causes of gender vulnerability to climate variability and household food insecurity in one sub-Saharan African country: Malawi. Data were collected through a household questionnaire survey, focus group discussions and key informants' interviews in Chikhwawa and Ntcheu districts, located in the southern and central areas of Malawi. Results revealed that exposure and sensitivity to climate risks vary between men and women; therefore, each gender responds differently to climate risks, with men having more opportunities than women. The results highlight the need for policies and interventions to empower women in the access to resources that can strengthen households' resilience to climate variability.
In the limited literature on gender and climate change, two themes predominate – women as vulnerable or virtuous in relation to the environment. Two viewpoints become obvious: women in the South will be affected more by climate change than men in those countries and that men in the North pollute more than women. The debates are structured in specific ways in the North and the South and the discussion in the article focuses largely on examples from Sweden and India. The article traces the lineage of the arguments to the women, environment and development discussions, examining how they recur in new forms in climate debates. Questioning assumptions about women's vulnerability and virtuousness, it highlights how a focus on women's vulnerability or virtuousness can deflect attention from inequalities in decision-making. By reiterating statements about poor women in the South and the pro-environmental women of the North, these assumptions reinforce North–South biases. Generalizations about women's vulnerability and virtuousness can lead to an increase in women's responsibility without corresponding rewards. There is need to contextualise debates on climate change to enable action and to respond effectively to its adverse effects in particular places.
Hello everyone. The publishers have given me permission to upload chapter four and the contents pages. Unfortunately, I am unable to share any other chapters for copyright reasons. There is however a large amount of material on my YouTube channel marksaundersonresearchmethods.
Mark
According to the UN Agenda 21 in 1992, women were regarded as a very important part in achieving sustainable development. In this agenda, participation, equality, and empowerment for females were emphasized as bases for sustainable development. In this paper, we make an attempt to explore the relationship between women's political empowerment (WPE) and CO2 emissions. To that end, we apply panel‐cointegration techniques to investigate both long‐term and short‐term effects of WPE on the environment in 72 countries during 1971–2012. The results from the pooled mean group (PMG) estimator indicate that, in the long run, CO2 emissions decrease by about 11.51 percent points in response to a one‐unit increase in the index of WPE after controlling for a variety of other factors. However, the short‐term estimated coefficient of WPE is statistically insignificant. Moreover, further study shows that women's civil society participation has the largest effect, followed by political participation. Another noteworthy result is the effect of energy intensity. We find that both the long‐term and short‐term estimated coefficient of energy intensity are positive and highly statistically significant, but the magnitude of the short‐term estimated coefficient is lower than the long‐term one. This comparison suggests that the influence of energy intensity on CO2 emissions would usually take some time to materialize fully. From a policy perspective, our estimation results suggest that improving the status of women worldwide, especially in the developing countries, can reduce CO2 emissions.
Sustainable development depends on coherence between the development policies of recipients and the providers of development assistance. Yet achieving coherence is difficult. This paper examines the extent to which the Policy Coherence for Development movement offers guidelines for aligning national development priorities with global development priorities. This qualitative paper focuses on alignment between South Africa's National Development and its Medium‐Term Strategic Frameworks and the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals. Based on an analysis of policy documents and peer‐reviewed research on the Policy Coherence for Development movement, it is argued that five guidelines might be of relevance for South Africa, namely (i) prioritizing political buy‐in, (ii) safeguarding country ownership of development priorities, (iii) using and improving existing institutional structures and processes, (iv) stimulating cooperation across government departments by using an issue‐based approach and (v) including a long‐term and transnational perspective when considering policy impacts.
The aim of this paper is to cast light on the relationship between sustainable development environmental policy and renewable energy use. We utilize a dynamic GMM approach over a panel of 34 European Union (EU) countries spanning the period 2005-2013. Our findings reveal a positive monotonic relationship between development and pollution. Energy saving positively affects environmental degradation, while energy intensity increases air pollution. Our findings imply important policy implications to policy makers toward sustainability. Despite the fact that the Europe “20-20-20” climate and energy package strategy seems to be achieved, the recently adopted Energy Roadmap 2050 must be updated on regular basis in order to be effectively implemented and monitored by government officials
and firms’ stakeholders. Therefore, we argue that EU countries must increase the use of new technology and renewable energy capacity in order to align environmental policies towards more efficient energy use and sustainable development among the EU periphery.
Green growth has been identified as an effective way to foster economic growth and address environmental problems, and is practised in various countries globally. However, there remain several obstacles and difficulties to evaluating green growth practices in theory, as there is no proper evaluation framework. To bridge this gap, a universal and comprehensive evaluation indicator system for green growth is built based on improving the plan–do–check–action (PDCA) cycle method, and then is applied to study China's green growth practices by using a hybrid method combining fuzzy set theory and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method. The influences and interrelationships of sub-practices are determined, and a visual analysis is conducted to evaluate their relationships. The findings reveal that five sub-practices were grouped into a set of causes. Of these, high-level leadership (G1) is the largest influencing factor, and its support and consideration should be prioritized. The other 10 sub-practices are classified as a set of effects. Of this set, a well-governed and effective institutional arrangement (G5) is the most influential practice restricting China's green growth. Additionally, this paper also finds that communicating benefits with stakeholders (G7) is strongly related to other sub-practices, and is the top factor contributing to the success of China's green growth strategy. This study contributes not only to the literature on green growth practices in an emerging economy but also to giving decision-makers and researchers inside and outside China valuable inspiration and references for improving the performance of green growth practices. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
This Article responds to claims in the literature that gender mainstreaming is lacking in international and national climate change policy regimes. A scan of climate change policies from selected east and southern African countries was conducted to assess whether climate change policies include gender and women. The focus on women is deliberate given women's greater vulnerability to climate change impacts than men. The research analysis used a framework modified from the United Nations Environment Programme's (2011) recommendations on women's needs in climate change. The main finding is that although the national policies reviewed are in their infancy, with the oldest, the National Policy on Climate Change for Namibia having been put in place only in 2010, the mainstreaming of women's needs in climate change has gained momentum. However, the empowerment of women by climate change policy varies significantly from country to country.
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