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Analysis of The Changes in Certain Agrıcultural Indicators of Turkey By The European Union Rural Area Classification - Avrupa Birliği Kırsal Alan Sınıflamasına Göre Türkiye’de Bitkisel Ve Hayvansal Üretim Değerlerindeki Değişimin Panel Veri Analizi Yöntemi İle Analizi

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Abstract

There are different opinions about the definition of the concept rural area because it has contained various elements. In Turkey, while taking account of the number of population of the settlements in the definition of the concept of rural areas, the population and population density in km2 are taken into consideration on definition of rural area in European Union (EU) for which Turkey many reforms including agriculture and rural development policy were filed and has been being made since 1959. While the share of industry and service sectors in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has been increasing day by day, the share of agriculture sector has been decreasing, and the transformations of agriculture sector in rural area are outstanding. The increase in urbanization, falling the tendency level of the young population to stay in agriculture sector, the loss of agriculture sector's advantage over other sectors in terms of income play a major role in this transformation. In this study, the changes in agricultural production values were analyzed by panel data analysis between 1995-2018 years according to the EU rural area classification of Turkey’s provinces. In addition, demographic change between the regions and the transformation in the agricultural sector were tried to be demonstrated according to this new classification made on a yearly basis. In conclusion, according to a new classification of rural areas, 60.20% of total agricultural land in Turkey is in the predominant rural area, 32.40 of it is in intermediate area, and the rest of it is in urban areas. While agricultural areas in urban areas are decreasing, especially animal husbandry (bovine) developments have been determined positively Kırsal alan kavramı içerisinde barındırdığı öğelerin çeşitliliğinin çok olması nedeni ile tanımlanması konusunda değişik görüşler hakimdir. Türkiye’de kırsal alan kavramının tanımlanmasında yerleşim yerlerinin nüfusu dikkate alınırken, ortaklık başvurusunda bulunduğumuz 1959 yılından bu yana tarım ve kırsal kalkınma politikalarının da dahil olduğu bir çok reformları yaptığımız ve yapmaya da devam ettiğimiz Avrupa Birliği’nin (AB) kırsal alan tanımında sadece nüfus değil bunun yanında km2’deki nüfus yoğunluğu da göz önüne alınmaktadır. Türkiye’de sanayi ve hizmetler sektörünün gün geçtikçe Gayri Safi Milli Hasıla (GSMH) içindeki payı artarken tarımın payı azalmakta kırsal alanda da tarım sektöründe dönüşümler göze çarpmaktadır. Kentleşmenin artması, kırsal alanda genç nüfusun tarımda kalma eğilimlerinin düşmesi, tarımın getiri yönü ile diğer sektörlere göre avantajını kaybetmesi bu dönüşümde büyük rol oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1995-2018 yılları arasında AB kırsal alan sınıflaması baz alınarak illerin kırsallık durumlarına göre tarımsal üretim değerlerindeki değişim panel veri analizi ile incelenmiştir. Ayrıca yıllar bazında yapılan bu yeni sınıflamaya göre bölgeler arasında demografik değişim ve tarım sektöründeki dönüşüm ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda yeni sınıflamaya göre Türkiye’de toplam tarımsal alanın %60,20’sinin baskın kırsal alanlarda, %32,40’ının geçiş (orta) bölgelerinde geri kalan kısmın ise kentsel alanlarda olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Kentsel alanlarda tarımsal alanlar azalırken özellikle hayvancılık (büyükbaş) konusunda olumlu yönde gelişmelerin olduğu belirlenmiştir
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