Investigation of fine dust pollution during hard and soft works in warehouse complexes

Abstract

The dust dispersed composition in various types of hard and soft works is under study. The dust emissions indoors concentration data is obtained. The dust concentration on distance dependence is constructed. The impact assessment of hard and soft works in warehouses and residential premises on environmental pollution by dust emissions is given. The concentration and ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 particles were calculated in order to determine the dustiness and the negative impact on the environment.

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IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Investigation of fine dust pollution during hard and soft works in
warehouse complexes
To cite this article: A B Strelyaeva et al 2019 IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng. 698 022035
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CATPID-2019
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 698 (2019) 022035
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/698/2/022035
1
Investigation of fine dust pollution during hard and soft works
in warehouse complexes
A B Strelyaeva*, E K Kalyuzhina, V V Lupinogin, Alkneume M Kh A
Institute of Architecture and Civil Engineering of Volgograd State Technical
University, 1, Akademicheskaya Street, Volgograd, 400074, Russia
E-mail: beyab@mail.ru
Abstract. The dust dispersed composition in various types of hard and soft works is under
study. The dust emissions indoors concentration data is obtained. The dust concentration on
distance dependence is constructed. The impact assessment of hard and soft works in
warehouses and residential premises on environmental pollution by dust emissions is given.
The concentration and ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 particles were calculated in order to determine
the dustiness and the negative impact on the environment.
Introduction
The main sources of suspended particles in the atmospheric air of large cities are: vehicle emissions,
ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy enterprises, mechanical engineering, building materials production
(this is associated with such technological processes as mechanical grinding of solid materials, as well
as transportation of bulk materials, blasting) processes of burning liquid fuels (diesel fuel, oils), open
storage sites for building and bulk materials (sand, salt, etc.), garbage handling stations, crushing and
sorting complexes for construction waste recycling, construction sites, building demolition work,
excavation works, unheeded soil areas [1].
Purpose of the study
The dust impact assessment on the environment quality and human health during hard and soft works.
The study of the dust dispersed composition in the working zone air. Calculation of the concentration
and ratio of PM2.5 to PM10 particles to determine dustiness and negative environmental impact.
Theoretical part
One of the urban air pollutants is construction dust, which is emitted from under construction,
reconstructed, or repaired buildings and structures. Hard and soft works (leveling of concrete and other
coatings for plaster and putty; flooring structures preparation for flooring; creating holes in vertical
and horizontal structures, chipping, fastening, etc.) related to the mechanical impact on concrete and
reinforced concrete structures.
Hard and soft works are a necessary stage of using the premises (warehouse, residential part,
museum, university, etc.). The dust formed during these works corresponds to a different degree of
dispersion and is characterized by the greatest amount of discharge. In this case, it is necessary to take
into account the physical, chemical and morphological dust characteristics. It is important to consider
the ability to absorb (absorb) harmful impurities, and as a result, the dust toxicity. The suspended

CATPID-2019
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 698 (2019) 022035
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/698/2/022035
2
particles total flow is divided by size. It consists of PM10 particles (less than 10 microns) and PM2.5
(less than 2.5 microns) [2].
All over the world and, in particular, in Russia, the standards for the content of PM2.5 and PM10 dust
particles in the ambient air have been adopted. Particles of these sizes have a negative effect on the
health and condition of the person as a whole. At the same time, particles of smaller sizes of 2.5
microns are more harmful than larger 10 microns causing pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases [3].
Hard and soft works are a source of enormous formation of dust particles. At the moment there is
no single standard for these types of work for the content of fine suspended particles PM10 and PM2.5 in
the working zone air. Also, there are no systems and assessments of the dispersed composition and
concentration control.
Experimental part
In the fine dust formation study, three operations were considered during the hard and soft works: wall
cleaning: walling; leveling the walls after plastering.
As an experimental environment, the warehouse complex in the Moscow region in the Lyubertsy
district in the working village of Tomilino was investigated as a zone with a large number of new
warehouse premises under construction.
Air sampling was carried out near the workplace at a height of approximately 1.5 meters from the
floor level (respiration level) using AFA filters an aspirator. The sampling sites number was chosen at
the rate of one point per 1 m2 of production area. Two samples were taken at one point in parallel. For
statistical processing of the results and identifying the changes dynamics in dust content in the air, at
least three consecutive samples were taken with predetermined time intervals.
During the experimental study, the measurements inside the premises (during the working shift), in
which hard and soft works were carried out, accompanied by dust emission, were taken.
The microscopic method was used to study the dust dispersed composition [4]. The technique was
used with the help of computer programs Dust, SpotExplorer, PhotoShop for editing and presenting
the obtained data, allowing to determine the different diameters particles size as a percentage. At the
beginning of the pictures with a microscope were taken. After that, they were processed in a graphic
editor. Only light and contrast settings were changed. Then the processed photos were loaded into the
program and converted into points on a logarithmic grid. At the end of the whole process - an
approximating line was drawn and the images of various processes of hard and soft works were
superimposed on a single logarithmic grid.
By analogy with the studies of studying and presenting a dispersed composition, it was decided to
visually present the study results in the particle diameters mass distribution integral functions form on
a log-normal grid (Figure 1). Each function corresponds to a certain operation type during hard and
soft works.
The disperse analysis results graphic image, presented in the particles mass distribution integral
curves form over the diameter in Figure 1, shows that the dispersed composition of the dust generated
during construction works is described by a log-normal distribution [5 - 7].

CATPID-2019
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 698 (2019) 022035
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/698/2/022035
3
Figure1. The particles mass distribution integral functions by diameter for dust generated during the
hard and soft works: 1 - cleaning the walls; 2 - stroking; 3 - alignment of the walls after plastering.
Also, the dust concentration dependences on distance (Figure 2), particle size (Figure 3), room area
(Figure 4) and working time (Figure 5) were experimentally obtained. The fine particles PM10 PM2.5
concentrations ratio is presented in the considered operations of hard and soft works (Figure 6). A
general table of concentrations from each type of operation is summarized and the ratio of PM2.5 to
PM10 is revealed (Table 1).
Figure 2. The concentration dependence of dust generated during hard and soft works on the
distance from the place of operation: 1 - cleaning the walls; 2 - stroking; 3 - alignment of the walls
after plastering.
The analysis, which showed that the dust concentration selected at different distances, decreases,
can be explained by the particles’ aggregation into larger ones.

CATPID-2019
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 698 (2019) 022035
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/698/2/022035
4
Figure 3. The concentration dependence of dust generated during hard and soft works on the
particle size: 1 - cleaning the walls; 2 - stroking; 3 - alignment of the walls after plastering.
Figure 4. The concentration dependence of dust generated during hard and soft works on the floor
space: 1 - cleaning the walls; 2 - stroking; 3 - alignment of the walls after plastering.
Figure 5. The concentration dependence of dust generated during hard and soft works on the time
of the working process: 1 - cleaning the walls; 2 - stroking; 3 - alignment of the walls after plastering.

CATPID-2019
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 698 (2019) 022035
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/698/2/022035
5
Due to the new warehouse complexes construction high rates, a new air pollution level is emerging.
Starting from the soil development stage and ending with construction and installation work,
accompanied, as a rule, by tremendous dust formation, in spite of the fact that these types of dust are
of organic nature, they significantly affect the ecological situation.
Table 1. Concentration of PM10 and PM2.5 particles during building finishing works
Operation
no.
Operation type
Concentration, [mg / m3]
The ratio of
PM2.5 to PM10,
[%]
Average
PM2,5
PM10
1
Grooving
1.72
0.0052
0.2924
0
2
Plastering
1.52
0.0062
0.4464
0.003
3
Stopping
1.24
0.023
1.2464
0.006
Figure 6. The fine dust particles concentrations PM10 and PM2.5, formed during the finishing and
construction works: 1 - PM10 concentration when cleaning walls; 2 — PM2.5 concentration during wall
cleaning; 3 — PM10 concentration during grooving; 4 — PM2.5 concentration during grooving; 5 -
PM10 concentration when leveling after plastering; 6 - PM2.5 concentration when leveling after
plastering.
Taking the dust high fine fractions percentage into account, it can be concluded that even at
concentrations of suspended solids in atmospheric air corresponding to TLV, there is an excess of
PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations according to Hygienic Rating 2.1.6.2604-10 [8]. Therefore, it is
necessary to carry out the measures to improve the atmospheric air quality in the urban environment.
Summary
Various types of hard and soft works (cleaning walls, walling, leveling after plastering) are
considered, and the particle size ranges during their technological process, which range from 1.5
microns to 30 microns, are determined.
The dust particles concentration dependences during hard and soft works on the distance from the
place of work, on the dust particles size, on the room area, on the working process time were obtained.
It was determined that the dust highest concentration when cleaning the walls (18 mg / m3) and the
lowest when leveling after plastering (8 mg / m3). At the same time, the fine dust share when cleaning
the walls is less than when leveling after plastering.
The ratio of particle sizes D (PM2.5) to D (PM10) as a percentage was obtained and presented in
graphical form.

CATPID-2019
IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 698 (2019) 022035
IOP Publishing
doi:10.1088/1757-899X/698/2/022035
6
An assessment of pollution and dust particles distribution during hard and soft works in
warehouses was given.
References
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