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Testbed Federation for 5G Experimentation: Review and Guidelines
... The principal aim of NR is to produce completely distinct characteristics and technologies that do not signifi-cantly backward fit contemporary 4G, long-term evolution (LTE) operations. Recently, meetings for 5G NR standardization have been engaged to standardize the initial release in 2020 [5], [6]. Comparable to past experiences, the mobile communication industry announced 3G technology as UMTS, 4G technology as LTE, 5G technologies, and beyond as NR. ...
... Moreover, a 5G EVE European project intended to interconnect multiple sites to produce a single 5G end-to-end facility was also executed. A comprehensive architecture of the French test bed which comprised four nodes in diverse locations at various sites of the project was also presented [6]. Some of the 5G projects and 5G federation test-beds, such as ONE5G, 5G-Transformer, ORCAm 5GCity, 5GCar, Fed4fire+, and 5TONIC, accompanied by software and hardware practices, are listed in Table 1. ...
The study provides an experimental setup, interconnection sites, and indoor-outdoor cases to reflect the results of a 5G+ millimeter wave (mmWave) network operating from 3.5 to 28 GHz implemented as a campus test-bed case at the Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi, Korea. Moreover, applications of the 5G+ campus test-bed case are discussed, such as learning management and augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) video streaming, cloud platforms for smart factories, and project-based learning. The study aimed to perform operations at 5G+ frequencies, that is, at the frequency range 1 (FR1) comprising frequency bands 6 GHz, and at the frequency band 2 (FR2) comprising bands in the mmWave range (24-100 GHz), thus making the mmWave range especially suitable for 5G Ultra-Wideband operations. The operated channel frequency band used ranges between 3.5 to 28 GHz with channel bandwidths of 100, 200, and 400 MHz. This study established the basis to allow different future operators within South Korea to adopt and employ the concept of infrastructure sharing for a particular case as an indoor scenario. Furthermore, this study involves the discussion of research challenges and open issues for future developments and collaborations.
... The system takes advantage of a range of funding requests (such as ICT calls) intended at seeking distinct features of 5G, including the development of a chain of inter-connected 5G test-beds throughout Europe. The test-beds plan to i) display that the fundamental 5G PPP network key performance indicators (KPIs) can be met; ii) be verified, accessed, and utilized by vertical industries to establish up examination trials of innovative use cases, to additional verify core 5G KPIs in the circumstances of simultaneous usages by various users [6]. ...
... Three projects have been funded by H2020 ICT-17-2018 -5G-EVE, 5GENESIS, and 5G-VINNI [8], [9]. A detailed architecture of the French test-bed that includes four nodes in different locations along with different sites of the project is presented [6]. Moreover, AT&T is increasing the availability of its 5G network while also commencing to make its 5G+ network open to customers. ...
One of the principal aims of a test-bed is to exhibit and validate recently designed and evolved technology elements. Typically, achieving this goal involves combining a large number of distinct technology elements in a general structure where various trial sites and elements can be interconnected in a diversity of configurations depending on the demands. In this paper, a practical scenario employing 5G+ operating at 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) is performed as a campus test-bed case. This study details a 5G+ mmWave campus test-bed case conducted spanning the frequency range of 3.5 GHz to 28 GHz within the Kumoh National Institute of Technology employing a 5G+ mmWave campus test-bed. The intended outcomes of this particular study are to perform the operation for 5G + frequencies i.e., frequency range 1 (FR1) comprising sub-6 GHz frequency bands below and frequency band 2 (FR2) comprising bands in the mmWave range, which covers 24-100 GHz making the mmWave range especially suitable to enable 5G Ultra-Wide-band.
... OTTs, which we call verticals in the rest of the paper). Details of the architecture of 5G-EVE facilities can be found in our previous work [4]. ...
In this paper we present a 5G design and deployment framework within the 5G-EVE European project which aims at interconnecting multiple sites in order to form a single 5G end-to-end facility. Each partner of the project proposes 5G solution elements that will host use-cases brought by verticals. In this paper we present Plug'in as a design framework allowing different partners of the 5G-EVE project and verticals to create and test innovative components for 5G. We also present how components such as VNFs are on-boarded within 5G-EVE and finally we give a quick overview of a vertical's workflow.
Abstract—A significant amount of fifth-generation (5G) experimentation
facilities and testbeds have been proposed in the
scientific literature over the past five years, each characterized
by its unique setup of resources and control frameworks. Given
the wide set of often contradicting requirements presented
by the various classes of 5G use cases, the 5G-EPICENTRE
project focuses on the provision of a truly open, multi-site 5G
experimentation facility specifically tailored to the needs of public
safety solution providers, which will leverage on, and extend the
capabilities of 5G testbeds developed in, or resulting out of the
5G-PPP Projects (Phase 1-3). At its heart, 5G-EPICENTRE will
encompass best practices derived from Cloud-Native implementations,
providing a platform for automating and streamlining
5G experiment deployment inside flexible, easily reproducible
environments packed in lightweight software containers. 5GEPICENTRE
will focus on the provision of an innovative, open
and interoperable platform that aims to act as both a testbed,
as well as a federation of existing 5G testbeds. Through an
augmentation of experimentation facilities, 5G-EPICENTRE will
define the necessary information models to interconnect testbeds
partaking in the federation through simplified APIs, and will
facilitate the orchestration of their resources to optimally service
the needs and requirements of PPDR-centric applications.
The 5G-EPICENTRE EU-funded project proposes mission-critical service and application experimentation in federation, adopting a "testbed of testbeds" approach in which different 5G-based platforms are intelligently combined and calibrated from a single control point. This cross-testbed concept embraced in the 5G-EPICENTRE project, together with the transition of 5G technologies into a Cloud-native environment pose numerous challenges, including an increased attack surface and various security concerns such as how to enforce security policies at multiple levels across the entire infrastructure. In that sense, first, this paper provides an overview of such security challenges and a review of the methodologies discussed in the literature to decrease the attack surface in those complex scenarios. Later, this paper presents the 5G-EPICENTRE security approach and an early version of a security framework which considers the usage of security by design techniques, network and container-level isolation strategies and the usage of the service mesh design pattern, all of them key elements to allow to secure the overall infrastructure and monitor, mitigate and respond to security incidents.
Mission-critical services to emergency events require a coordinated response on optimizing the actions for first responders in cases such as firefighters, police agents, doctors, nurses, and paramedics as medical personnel) actions to care for sick and/or injured citizens.
A central coordination and management team elaborates on the critical decisions and actions helping to realize the increasingly demanding complex scenarios.
The implementation of those scenarios significantly rely on the capability to transport and process larger volumes of data from the field to increase the effectiveness on realizing the full awareness of the situation in the field. The adoption of 5G technologies will bring new opportunities to reduce the latency by addressing larger volumes and more complex data.
This paper describes the use case "IoT for Improving First Responders' Situational Awareness and Safety", identified in the context of 5G-EPICENTRE EU-funded project. It aims to demonstrate a mission-critical service through application experimentation in federation adopting a "testbed of testbeds" approach in which different 5G-based platforms are intelligently managed from a single control point.
The Novel Enablers for Cloud Slicing (NECOS) project addresses the limitations of current cloud computing infrastructures to respond to the demand for new services, as presented in two use-cases, that will drive the whole execution of the project. The first use-case is focused on Telco service provider and is oriented towards the adoption of cloud computing in their large networks. The second use-case is targeting the use of edge clouds to support devices with low computation and storage capacity. The envisaged solution is based on a new concept, the Lightweight Slice Defined Cloud (LSDC), as an approach that extends the virtualization to all the resources in the involved networks and data centers and provides uniform management with a high-level of orchestration. In this position paper, we discuss the motivation, objectives, architecture, research challenges (and how to overcome them) and initial efforts for the NECOS project.
Network slicing has been identified as the backbone of the rapidly evolving 5G technology. However, as its consolidation and standardization progress, there are no literatures that comprehensively discuss its key principles, enablers and research challenges. This paper elaborates network slicing from an end-to-end perspective detailing its historical heritage, principal concepts, enabling technologies and solutions as well as the current standardization efforts. In particular, it overviews the diverse use cases and network requirements of network slicing, the pre-slicing era, considering RAN sharing as well as the end-to-end orchestration and management, encompassing the radio access, transport network and the core network. This paper also provides details of specific slicing solutions for each part of the 5G system. Finally, this paper identifies a number of open research challenges and provides recommendations towards potential solutions.
In the near future, i.e., beyond 4G, some of the prime objectives or demands that need to be addressed are increased capacity, improved data rate, decreased latency, and better quality of service. To meet these demands, drastic improvements need to be made in cellular network architecture. This paper presents the results of a detailed survey on the fifth generation (5G) cellular network architecture and some of the key emerging technologies that are helpful in improving the architecture and meeting the demands of users. In this detailed survey, the prime focus is on the 5G cellular network architecture, massive multiple input multiple output technology, and device-to-device communication (D2D). Along with this, some of the emerging technologies that are addressed in this paper include interference management, spectrum sharing with cognitive radio, ultra-dense networks, multi-radio access technology association, full duplex radios, millimeter wave solutions for 5G cellular networks, and cloud technologies for 5G radio access networks and software defined networks. In this paper, a general probable 5G cellular network architecture is proposed, which shows that D2D, small cell access points, network cloud, and the Internet of Things can be a part of 5G cellular network architecture. A detailed survey is included regarding current research projects being conducted in different countries by research groups and institutions that are working on 5G technologies.
Networking testbeds are playing an increasingly important role in the development of new communication technologies. Testbeds are traditionally built for a particular project or to study a specific technology. An alternative approach is to federate existing testbeds to a) cater for experimenter needs which cannot be fullled by a single testbed, and b) provide a wider variety of environmental settings at different scales. These heterogenous settings allow the study of new approaches in environments similar to what one finds in the real world.
This paper presents OMF, a control, measurement, and management framework for testbeds. It describes through some examples the versatility of OMF's current architecture and gives directions for federation of testbeds through OMF. In addition, this paper introduces a comprehensive experiment description language that allows an experimenter to describe resource requirements and their configurations, as well as experiment orchestration. Researchers would thus be able to reproduce their experiment on the same testbed or in a different environment with little changes. Along with the efficient support for large scale experiments, the use of testbeds and support for repeatable experiments will allow the networking field to build a culture of cross verification and therefore strengthen its scientific approach.
Management and orchestration of virtual resources and functions, commonly referred to as MANO, are key functionalities of NFV environments. This article describes the design and deployment of the NFV MANO platform of 5TONIC, the open research and innovation laboratory on 5G technologies founded by Telefonica and IMDEA Networks. This NFV MANO platform provides 5TONIC trials and experiments with access to a functional production-like NFV environment, enabling experimentation with novel NFV products and services. As a relevant feature, the platform is capable of incorporating external sites to complement the portfolio of software and hardware resources that can be made available for experimentation activities. The 5TONIC MANO platform has been designed and built using open source technologies. The research carried out during its design and deployment has resulted in a contribution already made to its upstream projects regarding the automated configuration of virtualized network functions. Finally, we explore the scalability properties of the 5TONIC MANO platform, and we experimentally validate its functional capacity to orchestrate multi-site experiments.
The upcoming 5G ecosystem is envisioned to build business-driven Network Slices to accommodate the different needs of divergent service types, applications and services in support of vertical industries. In this paper, we describe the Network Slicing concept, by unveiling a novel Network Slicing architecture for integrated 5G communications. Further, we demonstrate its realization, for the case of evolved LTE, using state of the art
technologies. Finally, we elaborate on the LTE specific requirements towards 5G and point out existing challenges and open issues.
GENI, the Global Environment for Networking Innovation, is a distributed virtual laboratory for transformative, at-scale experiments in network science, services, and security. Designed in response to concerns over Internet ossification, GENI is enabling a wide variety of experiments in a range of areas, including clean-slate networking, protocol design and evaluation, distributed service offerings, social network integration, content management, and in-network service deployment. Recently, GENI has been leading an effort to explore the potential of its underlying technologies, SDN and GENI Racks, in support of university campus network management and applications. With the concurrent deployment of these technologies on regional and national R&E backbones, this will result in a revolutionary new national-scale distributed architecture, bringing to the entire network the shared, deeply programmable environment that the cloud has brought to the datacenter. This deeply programmable environment will support the GENI research mission and as well as enabling research in a wide variety of application areas.
Geni: Conceptual design, project execution plan
- T Anderson