Wie digital ist die Berufsschule? – Eine Analyse anhand von Online-Berichtsheften

Abstract

Das BMBF-Forschungsprojekt DiBBLok untersucht Gelingensbedingungen des Einsatzes von digitalen Medien in Lernorten der beruflichen Bildung. Der Lernort Berufsschule wird dabei in Hinblick auf seinen Anteil an der Lernortkooperation untersucht. In diesem Beitrag wird am Beispiel des Online-Berichtshefts BLok (Online-Berichtsheft zur Stärkung der Lernortkooperation) der Frage nachgegangen, welche Berufsschulen dieses Tool deutschlandweit bereits einsetzen, in welchem Umfang dies geschieht und welche Faktoren dabei einflussgebend sind.
Entsprechende quantitative Daten wurden im Rahmen des Projekts DiBBLok nach rund zehn Jahren Praxiseinsatz von BLok erstmalig erhoben. Sie geben Aufschluss über den aktuellen Stand der Strukturdaten in Bezug auf den Standort der Berufsschule, den Umfang an angemeldeten Berufsschulehrenden und Auszubildenden sowie der Verbreitung über die Jahre hinweg. Eine quantitative Analyse der Nutzungsweisen wird im Projekt noch folgen.

Full text

* :LHGLJLWDOLVWGLH%HUXIVVFKXOH"±(LQH$QDO\VH
anhand von Online-Berichtsheften
Carmen Neuburg1, Lars Schlenker1, Thomas Köhler2
1 Technische Universitiät Dresden, Institut für Berufspädagogik und
%HUXÀLFKH'LGDNWLNHQ
2 Technische Universitiät Dresden, Institut für Berufspädagogik und
%HUXÀLFKH'LGDNWLNHQ0HGLHQ]HQWUXP
1 =XVDPPHQIDVVXQJ
'DV %0% ))RUVFKXQJV SURMHNW 'L%% /RN XQWHUVXFK W *HOLQJHQVEH GLQJXQJHQ GH V
(LQVDW]HVYRQ GLJLWDOHQ0HGLHQ LQ /HUQRUWHQGHU EHUXÀLFKHQ%LOGXQJ 'HU/HUQRUW
%HUXIVVFKXOH ZLUGGDEHLLQ +LQEOLFN DXIVHLQHQ$QWHLO DQGHU /HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ
XQWHUVXFKW ,Q GLHVHP %HLWUDJ ZLUG DP %HLVSLHO GHV  2QOLQH%HULF KWVKHIWV %/RN
2QOLQH%HULFKWVKHIW]XU6WlUNXQJGHU/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQGHU)UDJHQDFKJHJDQJHQ
ZHOFKH%HUXIVVFKXOHQGLHVHV7RROGHXWVFKODQGZHLW EHUHLWVHLQVHW]HQLQ ZHOFKHP
8PIDQJGLHVJHVFKLHKWXQGZHOFKH)DNWRUHQGDEHLHLQÀXVVJHEHQGVLQG
(QWVSUHFKHQGHTXDQWLWDWLYH'DWHQZXUGHQLP5DKPHQGHV3URMHNWV 'L%%/RNQDFK
UXQG]HKQ-DKUHQ3UD[LVHLQVDW]YRQ%/RNHUVWPDOLJHUKREHQ6LHJHEHQ$XIVFKOXVV
EHUGHQDNWXHOOHQ6WDQGGHU6WUXNWXUGDWHQLQ%H]XJDXIGHQ6WDQGRUWGHU%HUXIVVFKXOH
GHQ8PIDQJDQDQJHPHOGHWHQ%HUXIVVFKXOHKUHQGHQXQG$XV]XELOGHQGHQVRZLHGHU
9HUEUHLWXQJEHUGLH -DKUHKLQZHJ(LQHTXDQWLWDWLYH$QDO\VHGHU1XW]XQJVZHLVHQ
ZLUGLP3URMHNWQRFKIROJHQ
2 Berufsschule als Partner in der dualen Berufsausbildung
=XQlFKVW LVW ]X EHWRQHQ GDVV ÄVLFK GLH /HUQRUWH %HWULHE XQG 6FKXOH LQ LKUHQ
=LHODXVULFKWXQJHQ LKUHQ 5HFKWVVWHOOXQJHQ GHQ $UEHLWVVLWXDWLRQHQ GHU /HKUHQGHQ
]% $UEHLWV]HLW XQG 3UlVHQ]UHJHOXQJH Q (UUHLFKEDUNHLWHQ (QWVFKHLGXQJVUlX PH
ZHVHQWOLFKYRQHLQDQGHUXQWHUVFKHLGHQ³(XOHUHWDO6
7URW]GHPZLUG]XQHKPHQGHLQHVWlUNHUH(LQELQGXQJGHU%HUXIVVFKXOHLQGHUGXDOHQ
%HUXIVDXVELOGXQJ JHIRUGHUW GDPLW EHLGH $XVELOGXQJVRUWH ± 6FKXOH XQG %HWULHE ±
PLWHLQDQGHUXQG QLFKW QHEHQHLQDQGHUDJLHUHQ 'LH$NWXDOLWlW GLHVHU 7KHPDWLN ZLUG
PLWHLQHP%OLFNDXIGLH6WXGLHThemenradar(EELQJKDXVGHVBundesinstituts
 'DV3URMHNW'L%%/RN'L൵XVLRQGLJLWDOHU7HFKQRORJLHQLQGHU%HUXÀLFKHQ%LOGXQJGXUFK
/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQZLUGYRP%0%)LP5DKPHQGHV3URJUDPPVÄ'LJLWDOLVLHUXQJLP
%LOGXQJVEHUHLFK*UXQGVDW]IUDJHQXQG*HOLQJHQVEHGLQJXQJHQ³LP=HLWUDXPYRQ0lU]
ELV)HEUXDUJHI|UGHUW:HLWHUH,QIRUPDWLRQHQXQWHUKWWSVWXGUHVGHQGHJVZ
HZ'L%%/RN


für Berufsbildung %L%%GHXWOLFK,QLKUQDKPHQ%HUXIVELOGXQJVH[SHUWHQ]XGHQ
]HQWUDOHQ7KHPHQGHUGXDOHQ%HUXIVDXVELOGXQJ6WHOOXQJXQGYHUJDEHQHLQH5DQJOLVWH
IU 5HOHYDQ] XQG DNWXHOOHP 6WHOO HQZHUW$XI 3ODW] HLQ V ZlKOWHQ GLH ([SHUWHQ GLH
'LJLWDOLVLHUXQJGHU$UEHLWVZHOW'LH6WlUNXQJGHU%HUXIVVFKXOHDOV3DUWQHULQGHUGXDOHQ
%HUXIVDXVELOGXQJHUUHLFKWEHUHLWV3ODW]'LH'LJLWDOLVLHUXQJEHVLW]WDNWXHOOEHUHLWV
HLQHQKRKHQ6WHOOHQZHUWGLH6WXGLHGHV%L%%HPS¿HKOWLKQGHQQRFKZHLWHU]XVWHLJHUQ
'LH6WlUNXQJGHU%HUXIVVFKXOHEHVLW]WLP*HJHQVDW]GD]XDNWXHOOHLQHJHULQJH5HOHYDQ]
$XFKKLHUHPS¿HKOWGHUThemenradarHLQ8PGHQNHQXQGHLQHGHXWOLFKH6WHLJHUXQJ
'LHVH =DKOHQ IRUGHUQ /|VXQJHQ ZHOFKH LP EHVWHQ )DOO PHKUHUH $VSHNWH GHV
7KHPHQUDGDUV JOHLFK]HLWLJ DGUHVVLHUHQ ZLH EHLVSLHOVZHLVH GLH 'LJLWDOLVLHUXQJ
XQGGLH 6WlUNXQJ GHU%HUXIVVFKXOH$QVWHOOHGHQ EHUHLWV ]DKOUHLFKHQYRUKDQGHQHQ
GLJLWDOLVLHUWHQ$QVlW]HQ]XU6WlUNXQJGHU%HUXIVVFKXOHHLQHQZHLWHUHQKLQ]X]XIJHQ
IUDJWGHUYRUOLHJHQGH %HLWUDJZLHJXWXQGYHUEUHLWHWEHUHLWVYRUKDQGHQH /|VXQJHQ
VLQG'DV3URMHNW'L%%/RNVHW]WKLHUGHQ)RNXVDXIGLH/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ
2.1 /HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQEHU%HULFKWVKHIWH
'HU%HJUL൵ /HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ ]LHOW LP .HUQ DXI GLH9HUQHW]XQJ]ZHLHUUlXPOLFK
YRQHLQDQGHU JHWUHQQWHU /HUQRUWH DE 6LH EHVDJW QDFK   GHV %HUXIVELOGXQJV
JHVHW]HV GDVV ]ZLVFKHQ GHQ 6WDQGRUWHQ 8QWHUQHKPHQ %HUXIVVFKXOH XQG GHU
DXHUEHWULHEOLFKHQ $XVELOGXQJ =XVDPPHQDUEHLWHQ VWDWW¿QGHQ VROOHQ :LH GLHVH
=XVDPPHQDUEHLWDXVJHVWDOWHW ZHUGHQ VROO LVW QLFKWIHVWJHVFKULHEHQ ,GHDOHUZHLVH
VROOWHQ QDFK%XVFKIHOG XQG(XOHU  EHLGHU$XVJHVWDOWXQJ GHU8PVHW]XQJHQ
GHU/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQDOOHGUHL (EHQHQInformierenAbstimmenXQGKooperieren
YHUVFKLHGHQHU3UR]HVVEHWHLOLJWHQ DGUHVVLHUW ZHUGHQ 'LH 5HDOLVLHUXQJ GHU /HUQRUW
NRRSHUDWLRQNDQQGHP]XIROJHYLHOIlOWLJJHOLQJHQ2EMHNWGHU%HWUDFKWXQJELOGHWGDV
LQ GHU$XVELOGXQJ ]X IKUHQGHQ %HULFKWVKHIW GD GLHVHV EHLGH 6WDQGRUWH EHUGLH
/HUQLQKDOWH YHUELQGHQNDQQ %HUHLWVGDV NODVVLVFKH%HULFKWVKHIWHUP|JOLFKWHVGHQ
$XVELOGHQGHQ ,QIRUPDWLRQHQDXV GHP /HUQRUW 6FKXOH ]X HUKDOWHQ8PJHNHKUW LVW
GLHVVHOWHQGHU)DOOGDGDV%HULFKWVKHIWLQGHU5HJHOGHQ/HKUHQGHQGHU%HUXIVVFKXOH
QLFKWYRUOLHJW
2.2 2QOLQH%HULFKWVKHIW%/RN
'DV%HULFKWVKHIWNDQQ VHLW DXFK RQOLQH LQ)RUP HLQHV 3RUWIROLRVDQJHIHUWLJW
ZHUGHQ'HXWVFKODQGZHLW ZLUG%/RN HLQH3ODWWIRUP ]XU(UVWHOOXQJ YRQ2QOLQH
%HULFKWVKHIWHQ PLWWOHUZHLOHYRQ EHU $XVELOGXQJVXQWHUQHKPHQ LQ EHU
YHUVFKLHGHQHQ$XVELOGXQJVEHUHLFKHQHLQJHVHW]W%/RN:HEVLWH
 'DV2QOLQH%HULFKWVKHIW%/RNZXUGHLP5DKPHQHLQHVYRP%0%)JHI|UGHUWHQ
)RUVFKXQJVXQG(QWZLFNOXQJVSURMHNWVDQGHU3URIHVVXUIU%LOGXQJVWHFKQRORJLHGHU
7HFKQLVFKHQ8QLYHUVLWlW'UHVGHQHQWZLFNHOW


1HEHQ GHU DXFK EHL NODV VLVFKHQ %HULF KWVKHIWHQ YRU KDQGHQHQ 8QWH UVWW]XQJ YRQ
5HÀH[LRQVSUR]HVVHQ N|QQHQ LP 2QOLQH%HULFKWVKHIW DXFK ,QIRUPDWLRQHQ ]X GHQ
$XVELOGXQJVLQKDOWHQ DEJHUXIHQ ZHUGHQ 'LHVH N|QQHQ DQKDQG YRQ 6HOEVW XQG
)UHPGZDKUQHKPXQJ DOV LQGLYLGXHOOHU DNWXHOOHU (QWZLFNOXQJVVWDQG WUDQVSDUHQW
UHSUlVHQWLHUW ZHUGHQ .|KOHU  1HXPDQQ  'DUEHU KLQDXV KDEHQ GLH
$XV]XELOGHQGHQ QHXH 0|JOLFKNHLWHQ VLFK DP /HKU XQG /HUQSUR]HVV ]X EH
WHLOLJHQ ZLH EHLVSLHOVZHLVH GXUFK GDV +RFKODGHQ YRQ VHOEVW HUVWHOOWHQ (UNOlU
YLGHRV6LHN|QQHQVHOEVW]X3URGX]HQWHQYRQ/HUQLQKDOWHQZHUGHQXQGGDPLWLKUHQ
/HUQSUR]HVVDNWLYPLWJHVWDOWHQ$XHUGHPN|QQHQGXUFKGLHGLJLWDOH5HSUlVHQWDWLRQ
QHEHQ GHU UHLQHQ 'RNXPHQWDWLRQ .RPPXQLNDWLRQVSUR]HVVH LQLWLLHUW XQG PLW
+LOIH HLQHV 1D FKULFKWHQV\V WHPV UHDOLVLH UW ZHUGHQ 0LW GLHVHQ 0DQD KPHQ ZLUG
GLH/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ ]ZLVFKHQ %HUXIVVFKXOH XQG$XVELOGXQJVSODW] HUP|JOLFKW
%|UQHU$OEUHFKW .|KOHU'LH 1XW]XQJ LVW IU%HUXIVVFKXOHQ NRVWHQIUHL
)UGHQ$XV]XELOGHQGHQEH]DKOWLQGHU5HJHOGDV8QWHUQHKPHQ'LH.RVWHQN|QQHQ
XQGZHUGHQDEHUDXFKWHLOZHLVH YRQEHUXIVVWlQGLVFKHQ .|USHUVFKDIWHQ.DPPHUQ
EHUQRPPHQ
'XUFKGDV2QOLQH%HULFKWVKHIWN|QQHQ%HUXIVVFKXOOHKUHQGHZHOFKHELVKHUQLFKWLQ
GHQ3UR]HVVGHU%HULFKWVKHIWHLQYROYLHUWZDUHQQXQHEHQIDOOV,QIRUPDWLRQHQEHUGLH
/HUQSUR]HVVHLP %HWULHE HUKDOWHQ XQG LKUH 8QWHUULFKWVJHVWDOWXQJ HQWVSUHFKHQG QHX
VWUXNWXULHUHQXQGDQSDVVHQ$XIGLHVH:HLVHLVWGHU=XJUL൵VRIHUQGLH$XV]XELOGHQGHQ
GLHVHQDNWLYHUODXEHQIUDOOH%HWHLOLJWHQYRQDOOHQ/HUQVWDQGRUWHQDXVP|JOLFK
3 =LHOH
0LW GHP )RUVFKXQJVYRUKDEHQ 'L%%/RN ZHUGHQ *HOLQJHQVEHGLQJXQJHQ IU
'LJLWDOLVLHUXQJ LP .RQWH[W GHU /HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ XQWHUVXFKW 3ULPlU LVW GLH
$QQDKPH GDVVGLH 'LJLWDOLVLHUXQJGHU /HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQHLQ ,QGLNDWRU IUHLQHQ
IRUWJHVFKULWWHQHQ 6W DQG GHU 'LJLWD OLVLHUXQJ LQ G HQ EHWHLOLJWH Q (LQULFKWXQJ HQ LVW
'DUEHUKLQDXVZLUGDQJHQRPPHQGDVVGLH HLQULFKWXQJVEHUJUHLIHQGH7HFKQROR
JLHGL൵XVLRQGXUFK GLH'LJLWDOLVLHUXQJ YRQ /HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ HUIROJW 2UJDQLVD
WLRQHQ GDUEHU LQ 9HUELQGXQJ VWHKHQ XQG HLQH =ZHFNEH]LHKXQJ HLQJHKHQ$OV
$XVJDQJVSXQNW GDIU ZLUG LQ 'L%%/RN GDV 2QOLQH%HULFKWVKHIW %/RN KHUDQ
JH]RJHQ'HUYRUOLHJHQGH%HLWUDJVWHOOWGLH'DWHQDQDO\VHGHU5HJLVWULHUXQJGHUVHLW
]HKQ-DKUHQIUGLHEHUXÀLFKHQ 6FKXOHQ GXUFK GDV2QOLQH%HULFKWVKHIW%/RN]XU
9HUIJXQJ VWHKHQGHQQHXHQ 0|JOLFKNHLWHQGHU GLJLWDOLVLHUWHQ /HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ
YRU


4 9RUJHKHQ
*UXQGODJH GHU 8QWHUVXFKXQJ ELOGHQ 6WUXNWXUGDWHQ YRQ %HUXIVVFKXOHQ LQQHUKDOE
GHV2QOLQH%HULFKWVKHIWV%/RNGDV YRQ GHUBildungsportal Sachsen GmbH %36
EHWULHEHQZLUG 'LH6WUXNWXUGDWHQ ZXUGHQYRQGHU %36 DQRQ\PLVLHUW EHUHLWJHVWHOOW
XQG ODVVHQ NHLQH 5FNVFKOVVHDXI (LQ]HOSHUVRQHQ ]X 'DPLW GLHV LQVEHVRQGHUH
EHL NOHLQHQ 8QWHUQHKPHQ PLW QXU HLQHP $XV]XELOGHQGHQ JHZlKUOHLVWHW ZHUGHQ
NDQQ NRQQWHQ NHLQH 1XW]XQJVGDWHQ LQ=XVDPPHQKDQJ PLW GHP%HWULHERGHU GHU
%HUXIVVFKXOHHUKREHQZHUGHQ'LHVH'DWHQPVVHQJHVRQGHUWHUKREHQZHUGHQ
'LH'DWHQGLHVHU8QWHUVXFKXQJVSLHJHOQHLQH4XHUVFKQLWWVHUKHEXQJYRP
ZLHGHU$XV GHQ 'DWHQ N|QQHQ PLW +LOIH GHVNULSWLYHU $QDO\VHQ YHUVFKLHGHQH
,QIRUPDWLRQHQ XQG 5FNVFKOVVH DXI GLH 1XW]XQJ JH]RJHQ ZHUGHQ 6LH JHEHQ
$XIVFK OXVV EHU GLH 9HUEUHLWXQ J GHU 2QOLQH %HULFKWVKHIW H XQG GHQ 6WDQ GRUW GHU
%HUXIVVFKXOHQ.RQNUHWEHLQKDOWHWGDV
 hEHUEOLFNVGDWHQ*HVDPW]DKOUHJLVWULHUWHUXQGDNWLYHU%HUXIVVFKXOHQVRZLH
YHUQHW]WHU8QWHUQHKPHQ
 6WDQGRUWGHU%HUXIVVFKXOH%XQGHVODQG*U|HGHU6WDGWLGHQWLVFKHU6WDQGRUW
ZLHGDV8QWHUQHKPHQ
 1XW]XQJVGDXHULQZHOFKHP-DKU0RQDWHUIROJHQGLH5HJLVWULHUXQJHQGHU
0LWJOLHGHU
 *UDGGHU/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ$Q]DKOYRQ$XV]XELOGHQGHQXQG8QWHUQHKPHQ
GLH%HUXIVVFKXOHKUHQGHQ]XJHRUGQHWVLQG
5 Ergebnisse
'LH'DWHQVlW]H]HLJHQGDVVGHXWVFKODQGZHLW%HUXIVVFKXOHQEHL%/RNUHJLVWULHUW
VLQG'DVVLQGEHUGHU%HUXÀLFKHQ6FKXOHQDQGHQHQPDQHLQHQ%HUXIVDEVFKOXVV
HUZHUEHQ NDQQ 'DYRQ VLQG  %HUXIVVFKXOHQ $XV]XELOGHQGHQ XQG QXU 
%HUXIVVFKXOHQ/HKUHQGHQ]XJHRUGQHW%HUXIVVFKXOHQVLQGGHPHQWVSUHFKHQG]ZDU
UHJLVWULHUWMHGRFK RKQH1XW]HU,KUH$FFRXQWV N|QQHQGDKHU DOVLQDNWLYEH]HLFKQHW
ZHUGHQ /HGLJOLFK  %HUXIVVFKXOHQ JHK|UHQ ]X HLQHU DNWLYHQ 1XW]HUJUXSSH
GHUHQ/HKUHQGH XQG$XV]XELOGHQGHJOHLFK]HLWLJDNWLYVLQG'LH*UXQGODJHGHULP
)ROJHQ GHQ DXIJHIKU WHQ$ QDO\VHQ ELOG HQ GLH  %HUX IVVFKXOHQ PL W PLQGHVWHQV
HLQHPUHJLVWULHUWHQ1XW]HQGHQ
 ,QVJHVDPWJDEHVLQ'HXWVFKODQG%HUXÀLFKH6FKXOHQ6WDWLVWLVFKHV
%XQGHVDPW'DYRQNDQQDQ6FKXOHQHLQ%HUXIVDEVFKOXVVHUZRUEHQ
ZHUGHQ%HUXIVIDFKVFKXOHQ7HLO]HLW%HUXIVVFKXOHQ6FKXOHQGHV
*HVXQGKHLWVZHVHQV)UGLHhEULJHQ%HUXÀLFKHQ6FKXOHQZLH]%
%HUXIVYRUEHUHLWXQJVMDKUHRGHU)DFKJ\PQDVLHQLVWGDV%HULFKWVKHIWQLFKWYRQ,QWHUHVVH


5.1 :HUQXW]W%/RN"
'HXWVFKODQGZHLW VLQG LQVJHVDPW  /HKUHQGH DQ %HUXIVVFKXOHQ UHJLVWULHUW ,P
6FKQLWWVLQGLQGHQ%HUXIVVFKXOHQPLWZHQLJVWHQVHLQHPUHJLVWULHUWHQ1XW]HUMHZHLOV
FD$XV]XELOGHQGHGLH %/RNQXW]HQ ]X¿QGHQ 3UR%HUXIVVFKXOHNRPPHQ GLH
$XV]XELOGHQGHQ LP 'XUFKVFKQLWW DXV IQI YHUVFKLHGHQHQ 8QWHUQHKPHQ %HL GHU
6XPPHGHU YHUQHW]WHQ 8QWHUQHKPHQ ZLUGGHXWOLFKGDVV EHU 8QWHUQHKPHQ
NHLQH]XJHK|ULJH%HUXIVVFKXOHDQJHJHEHQKDEHQ
%HLGHU %HZHUWXQJGHU 'DWHQ PXVVEHUFNVLFKWLJWZHUGHQGDVVGLH 6WUHXXQJ GHU
(UJHEQLVVHGXUFK HLQ]HOQH([WUHPZHUWH VHKU KRFKLVWXQGVRPLW QXU ZHQLJHJHQDX
GHP0LWWHOZHUWHQWVSUHFKHQGH%HUXIVVFKXOHQYRUKDQGHQVLQGVLHKH7DE
Tabelle 1: Nutzung innerhalb der registrierten Berufsschulen
5HJLVWULHUWH%HUXIV
VFKXOOHKUHQGH
5HJLVWULHUWH$XV]X
ELOGHQGH
9HUQHW]WH8QWHU
QHKPHQ
6XPPH   
0LWWHOZHUW   
6WG$EZHLFKXQJ   
0D[LPXPSUR
%HUXIVVFKXOH
  
*UXQGV lW]OLFK LVW GD V9HUKlOWQLV YRQ $XV]XELOGH QGHQ XQG %HUXI VVFKXOOHKUHQ GHQ
DX൵lOOLJ,QGHQLQVJHVDPW%HUXIVVFKXOHQVLQGPHKU$XV]XELOGHQGHDOV
/HKUHQGHUHJLVWULHUW'LH=DKOGHU/HKUHQGHQLVWDXFKLP9HUKlOWQLV]XGHU*HVDPW]DKO
GHUPLWGHQ%HUXIVVFKXOHQYHUQHW]WHQ8QWHUQHKPHQVHKUNOHLQ
'HU0LWWHOZHUWXQGGLH6WUHXXQJ]HLJHQHLQHUVHLWVGDVVVLFKIUYLHOH%HUXIVVFKXOHQ
QXU$XV]XELOGHQGH XQGNHLQH/HKUHQGHQDQJHPHOGHWKDEHQ XQGDQGHUHUVHLWVGDVV
YLHOH.OHLQXQGPLWWVWlQGLJH%HWULHEHWHLOQHKPHQZHVKDOERIWDXFKQXUYHUHLQ]HOWH
$XV]XELOGHQGHQLQHLQHU%HUXIVVFKXONODVVH%/RNQXW]HQ
5.2 *HRJUDSKLVFKH9HUWHLOXQJ
'LHJHRJUDSKLVFKH9HUWHLOXQJGHU%HUXIVVFKXOHQPLWDQJHPHOGHWHQ$XV]XELOGHQGHQ
HQWVSULFKWLQJURHQ7HLOHQGHU(LQZRKQHU]DKOGHU%XQGHVOlQGHU%DGHQ:UWWHPEHUJ
DOVGHUPLW$EVWDQGDPVWlUNVWHQYHUWUHWHQGH6WDQGRUWXQG6DFKVHQDOVYLHUWVWlUNVWHV
%XQGHVODQGHQWVSUHFKHQQLFKWGLHVHP0XVWHU)UEHLGH%XQGHVOlQGHUOLHJHQ]ZHL
]HQWUDOH %HVRQGHUKHLWHQ DOV (UNOlUXQJ QDKH (LQHUVHLWV ZXUGH %/RN LQ 6DFKVHQ
HQWZLFNHOWVRZLHHUSUREWXQGKDWGDKHUEHVRQGHUVLQGHQHUVWHQGUHL-DKUHQYHUPHKUW
VlFKVLVFKH1XW]HUDQJH]RJHQ'HPJHJHQEHULVWGLH6LWXDWLRQLQ%DGHQ:UWWHPEHUJ
NRPSOH[HU+LHUJLEWHVPHKUHUH(UNOlUXQJVDQVlW]H(LQHULVWGDVVGLH$EUHFKQXQJ


GHU .RVWHQ IU $E]XELOGHQGH LQ %DGHQ:UWWHPEHUJ WHLOZHLVH ]HQWUDO YRQ GHQ
.DPPHUQXQGQLFKWYRQGHQ8QWHUQHKPHQJHWUDJHQZLUG(VLVWZDKUVFKHLQOLFKGDVV
DXVGLHVHP*UXQGPHKU8QWHUQHKPHQXQGGDPLWDXFKPHKU%HUXIVVFKXOHQUHJLVWULHUW
VLQG(LQHKRKH9HUEUHLWXQJKDWGLH]HQWUDOH$EUHFKQXQJDNWXHOODXFKLQ5KHLQODQG
3IDO]1LHGHUVDFKVHQXQG%UHPHQJHIXQGHQ
$EELOGXQJ6WDQGRUWYHUWHLOXQJDXI%XQGHVOlQGHU
,Q%H]XJDXIGLH/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQIlOOWDXIGDVVHVLQVJHVDPWZHVHQWOLFKZHQLJHU
%HUXIVVFKXOHQPLWUHJLVWULHUWHQ/HKUHQGHQDOVPLW$XV]XELOGHQGHQJLEW6RODQJHGLH
%HUXIVVFKXOH]ZDUDQJHPHOGHWLVWDEHUNHLQHULKUHU0LWDUEHLWHUNDQQGDV%HULFKWVKHIW
QXULPNODVVLVFKHQ6LQQ]ZLVFKHQ%HWULHE XQG$XV]XELOGHQGHQXQGQLFKW LP6LQQH
HLQHU/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQPLWGHU%HUXIVVFKXOHJHQXW]WZHUGHQ,P*HJHQVDW]]XP
DOOJHPHLQHQ7UHQGOLHJHQGLH%XQGHVOlQGHU6DFKVHQ1LHGHUVDFKVHQXQG1RUGUKHLQ
:HVWIDOHQ EHL GHU $Q]DKO GHU DQJHPHOGHWHQ /HKUHQGHQ YRUQH ,QVEHVRQGHUH LQ
%DGHQ:UWWHPEHUJ%D\HUQ+HVVHQDEHUDXFKLQ15:LVWGLH'LVNUHSDQ]]ZLVFKHQ
DQJHPHOGHWHQ6FKXOHQXQGDQJHPHOGHWHQ/HKUHQGHQEHVRQGHUVKRFKZDVHLQJURHV
3RWHQWLDOELUJWVLHKH$EE
5.3 6WDQGRUWJU|H
1HEHQGHQ %XQGHVOlQGHUQ ZXUGH DXFK GLH *U|H GHU 6WDQGRUWH DQDO\VLHUW 
GHU%HUXIVVFKXOHQOLHJHQLQNOHLQHQELVPLWWHOJURHQ6WlGWHQPLW]ZLVFKHQXQG
(LQZRKQHUQ,Q*URVWlGWHQPLWEHU(LQZRKQHUQEH¿QGHQVLFKQXU
GHU%HUXIVVFKXOHQDOVRHLQZHVHQWOLFKNOHLQHUHU7HLO


=XVlW]OLFK ZXUGH HUIDVVW RE GLH %HUXIVVFKXOH XQG GDV MHZHLOLJH 8QWHUQHKPHQ
GHU$XV]XELOGHQGHQ LQGHUJOHLFKHQ6WDGW VLQG(V]HLJWH VLFKGDVV GLH+lOIWHGHU
%HUXIVVFKXOHQ  DP JOHLFKHQ 6WDQGRUW ZLH GDV MHZHLOLJH 8QWHUQHKPHQ
DQJHVLHGHOW LVW XQG VRPLW MHGHU ]ZHLWH $XV]XELOGHQGH HLQH JU|HUH UlXPOLFKH
'LVWDQ]EHUZLQGHQPXVV XPGHQ$XVELOGXQJVEHWULHE ]X HUUHLFKHQ8P6WDQGRUWH
LQXQWHUVFKLHGOLFKHQ%XQGHVOlQGHUQKDQGHOWHVVLFKGDEHLDEHUQXULQ(LQ]HOIlOOHQ
5.4 (QWZLFNOXQJ
,P=HLWUDXPYRQELVVLQGGLH$QPHOGH]DKOHQYRQ%HUXIVVFKXOHKUHQGHQ
LQ %/RN NRQWLQXLHUOLFK JHVWLHJHQ VLHKH 7DE  $XI GDV -DKU EHWUDFKWHW VLQG
HUZDUWXQJVJHPl GLH $QPHOGH]DKOHQ LP$XJXVW XQG 6HSWHPEHU ]X %HJLQQ GHV
$XVELOGXQJV]\NOXVDP K|FKVWHQ(LQH ZHLWHUH 6WHLJHUXQJ GHU$QPHOGH]DKOHQIU
GDV-DKUHV DXFKEHUGLHGHV9RUMDKUHVKLQDXVLVWGDKHU]X HUZDUWHQ'DPLW
]HLFKQHWVLFKLQVJHVDPWHLQGHXWOLFKSRVLWLYHU7UHQGEHLP(LQEH]XJGHU%HUXIVVFKXOH
LP6LQQHGHU/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQDE
7DEHOOH$QPHOGH]DKOHQYRQ%HUXIVVFKXOHKUHQGHQ6WDQG,4XDUWDO
-DKU      
$QPHOGXQJUHJLVWULHUWHU/HKUHQGHU>@      
6 'LVNXVVLRQ
'LH'DWHQ PDFKHQGHXWOLFKGDVVVLFK GHU6WDQGRUW %HUXIVVFKXOH LQ%H]XJ DXI GLH
'LJLWDOLVLHUXQJGHU/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ QRFKDP$QIDQJEH¿QGHW$XFK ZHQQVLFK
SRVLWLYH(QWZLFNOXQJHQEHLVSLHOVZHLVHDQKDQGGHU$QPHOGH]DKOHQEHREDFKWHQODVVHQ
IHKOWHVDQHLQHU EUHLWHQ=XVWLPPXQJXQG NRQVHTXHQWHQ1XW]XQJ GHU YRUKDQGHQHQ
GLJLWDOHQ0|JOLFKNHLWHQ
%HL GHU %HZHUWXQJ GHU 'LJLWDOLVLHUXQJ GHU GXDOHQ %HUXIVDXVELOGXQJ PXVV GLH
XQWHUVFKLHGOLFKH$XVJDQJVODJHYRQ %HUXIVVFKXOHQ LP9HUKlOWQLV]X 8QWHUQHKPHQ
EHDFKWHWZHUGHQ6RLVW GLH %HUXIVVFKXOH LQ GHUGXDOHQ$XVELOGXQJ JUXQGVlW]OLFK
DXWRQRPGKRKQHYHUSÀLFKWHQGH.RRSHUDWLRQHQPLW8QWHUQHKPHQ(LQH0|JOLFKNHLW
IU%HUXIVVFKXOHQGHQQRFK(LQÀXVV DXIGLHGXDOH$XVELOGXQJ ]X QHKPHQOLHJW LQ
GHUDNWXHOOEHUHLWVLQHLQLJHQ6FKXOJHVHW]HQGHU/lQGHU IHVWJHVFKULHEHQHQ9RUJDEH
]XU /HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ %FKWHU  'LH JHVHW]OLFKHQ )RUGHUXQJHQ DXV GHP
%HUXIVELOGXQJVJHVHW]JHEHQMHGRFKNDXP$QODVV]XPDNXWHQ+DQGOXQJVEHGDUI


8QDEKlQJLJ YRQ GHU 'LJLWDOLVLHUXQJ LVW GLH 7HLOQDKPH DQGHU %HULFKWVKHIWOHJXQJ
IUGLH%HUXIVVFKXOHQPLW+UGHQYHUEXQGHQ:lKUHQGGHU$XVELOGXQJV]HLWZLUG
GDV %HULFKWVKHIW YRQ GHQ$XV]XELOGHQGHQ JHIKUW XQG YRQ GHQ$XVELOGHQGHQ LP
%HWULHEJHJHQJH]HLFKQHW(VEHLQKDOWHW HLQH JHJHQVHLWLJH9HUVWlQGLJXQJEHU GDV
*HOHUQWHGDGHU%HWULHEVLFKQXUDQGHU$XVELOGXQJVRUGQXQJGHV%XQGHVRULHQWLHUW
)UGLH%HUXIVVFKXOHKLQJHJHQLVWGHU5DKPHQOHKUSODQGHU.XOWXVPLQLVWHUNRQIHUHQ]
ULFKWXQJVJHEHQG 'DPLW ZLUG YRUDXVJHVHW]W GDVV DOOH /HUQLQKDOWH YHUPLWWHOW
ZHUGHQ XQG NHLQHZHLWHUHQhEHUHLQNQIWHGD]X JHWUR൵HQ ZHUGHQPVVHQ'HU]HLW
EHVWHKWDOVRNHLQHJHVHW]OLFKH*UXQGODJHGDIUGDVV%HUXIVVFKXOHQDP3UR]HVVGHU
%HULFKWVKHIWEHJOHLWXQJEHWHLOLJW VHLQPVVHQ ,P *HJHQWHLODNWXHOO EHGHXWHWHVIU
%HUXIVVFKXOOHKUHQGHHKHUHLQHQ0HKUDXIZDQG
$OV VFKZLHULJ HUZHLVW VLFK ]XGHP HLQ GLGDNWLVFKHV 8QWHUULFKWVNRQ]HSW DXI
GLH /HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ KLQ DXV]XULFKWHQ ZHQQ GDV ]XJUXQGHOLHJHQGH 2QOLQH
%HULFKWVKHIW RIW YRQ QLFKW PHKU DOV  3HUVRQHQ JHQXW]W ZLUG +LHU PVVWH
]XQlFKVW HLQH ÀlFKHQGHFNHQGHUH 1XW]XQJ JHJHEHQ VHLQ RGHU EHU DOWHUQDWLYH
%HWHLOLJXQJVP|JOLFKNHLWHQQDFKJHGDFKWZHUGHQ
(VJLEWMHGRFKDXFKVWlUNHQGH)DNWRUHQ (LQH]HQWUDOH$EUHFKQXQJXQGGLH KlX¿J
GDPLW YH UEXQGHQH .RV WHQEHUQDKP H GXUFK GLH .DP PHUQ KDEHQ HL QHQ SRVLWLYHQ
(LQÀXVV DXI GLH$QPHOGH]DKOHQ YRQEHWULHEOLFKHQ 1XW]HUQ 'LHV ZLHGHUXP IKUW
]X HLQHU YHUVWlUNWHQ (LQEH]LHKXQJ GHU PLW GLHVHQ 8QWHUQHKPHQ YHUEXQGHQHQ
%HUXIVVFKXOHQ LQ %/RN 'HQ 'DWHQ OlVVW VLFK ]XGHP HQWQHKPHQ GDVV ZHQQ PLW
HLQHU%HUXIVVFKXOH EHVRQGHUVYLHOH 8QWHUQHKPHQYHUQHW]W VLQG GLHVH KlX¿JPLW
HLQHU]HQWUDOHQ$EUHFKQXQJDUEHLWHQ'LHVN|QQWHGDUDXI KLQGHXWHQGDVVHLQHUVHLWV
HLQHVWHLJHQGH$Q]DKO YRQ8QWHUQHKPHQ SUR%HUXIVVFKXOH LQGHU 2QOLQH/HUQRUW
NRRSHUDWLRQDXFKGLH1XW]XQJVV]HQDULHQIUGLH%HUXIVVFKXOHYHUEHVVHUQ$QGHUHUVHLWV
N|QQWH GLH%HUXIVVFKXOH DXFKDOV 0XOWLSOLNDWRUIXQJLHUHQ XQGGHQ(LQVWLHJ LQ GLH
2QOLQH/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQLQVEHVRQGHUHIUNOHLQH8QWHUQHKPHQDWWUDNWLYPDFKHQ
=XVDPPHQIDVVHQG NDQQ IHVWJHVWHOOW ZHUGHQ GDVV LQVEHVRQGHUH GLH IHKOHQGHQ
JHVHW]OLFKHQ%HGLQJXQJHQHLQ*UXQGIUGLHJHULQJH%HWHLOLJXQJYRQ%HUXIVVFKXOHQ
DP2QOLQH%HULFKWVKHIW %/RN]X VHLQVFKHLQHQ*OHLFK]HLWLJIHKOW HVDQ$QUHL]HQ
IU GLH % HUXIVVFKXOH Q VLFK VWlUN HU DQ GHU /HU QRUWNRRSHUD WLRQ ]X EHWHL OLJHQ 'LH
2QOLQH/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQ IXQNWLRQLHUW DOOHUGLQJV QXU ZHQQ GLHVH DXV 6LFKW YRQ
$XVELOGHUQ$XV]XELOGHQGHQDEHUDXFKDXV6LFKWGHU%HUXIVSlGDJRJHQDOVKLOIUHLFK
DQJHVHKHQZLUG .|KOHU .UHLNHQERP 1HXPDQQ 8HEHUVFKDHU $XV GHU
YRUOLHJHQGHQ$QDO\VHMHGRFKZLUGGHXWOLFKGDVVVHOEVWEHLGHQLQ%/RNUHJLVWULHUWHQ
%HUXIVVFKXOHQRIW QLFKW PHKU DOV HLQ ELV GUHL /HKUHQGH DQJHPHOGHW VLQG XQG GLHVH
LQQHUKDOELKUHU2UJDQLVDWLRQHKHU(LQ]HOIlOOHGDUVWHOOHQ:LHVLFKGLH$UEHLWPLW%/RN


DQGHQUHJLVWULHUWHQ %HUXIVVFKXOHQLP'HWDLO JHVWDOWHWRGHUDXIZHOFKH DOWHUQDWLYHQ
.RPPXQLNDWLRQVZHUN]HXJH HYHQWXHOO ]XUFNJHJUL൵HQ ZLUG NDQQ GHQ DNWXHOO
YRUOLHJHQGHQ'DWHQQLFKWHQWQRPPHQZHUGHQ'D]XZLUGGLH3URMHNWJUXSSH'L%%/RN
ZHLWHUIKUHQGYHUWLHIHQGHXQGTXDOLWDWLYDXVJHULFKWHWH)DOODQDO\VHQGXUFKIKUHQ
Literaturangaben
>@%/RN:HEVHLWH6HSWHPEHU%/RN2QOLQH%HULFKWVKHIW9RQ2QOLQH
$XVELOGXQJVQDFKZHLVKWWSVZZZRQOLQHDXVELOGXQJVQDFKZHLVGHSRUWDO
LQGH[SKS"LG UHIHUHQ]HQDEJHUXIHQ
>@%|UQHU&$OEUHFKW&.|KOHU7%/RN±'DVHUVWH2QOLQH
%HULFKWVKHIWPLWLQWHJULHUWHP(QWZLFNOXQJVSRUWIROLR,Q8(OVKRO]0
5RKV+UVJ(3RUWIROLRVIUGDVOHEHQVODQJH/HUQHQ±.RQ]HSWHXQG
3HUVSHNWLYHQ6±%LHOHIHOG:%HUWHOVPDQQ9HUODJ
>@%FKWHU.%HUXIVVFKXOHQLQGHUGXDOHQ$XVELOGXQJXQGUHJLRQDOHQ
:LUWVFKDIW*OHLFKEHUHFKWLJWH3DUWQHUVFKDIWGXUFK5HIRUP"'VVHOGRUI
+DQV%|FNOHU6WLIWXQJ
>@%XVFKIHOG'(XOHU'$QWZRUWHQGLHHLJHQWOLFK)UDJHQVLQG
±hEHUOHJXQJHQ]XU.RRSHUDWLRQGHU/HUQRUWH%HUXIVELOGXQJLQ
:LVVHQVFKDIWXQG3UD[LV±
>@(EELQJKDXV07KHPHQUDGDU±'XDOH%HUXIVDXVELOGXQJ±)UKMDKU
%RQQ%DUEDUD%XGULFK
>@(XOHU'HWDO.RRSHUDWLRQGHU/HUQRUWHLPGXDOHQ6\VWHPGHU
%HUXIVELOGXQJ%HULFKWEHUHLQH$XVZHUWXQJYRQ0RGHOOYHUVXFKHQ
%RQQ%/.±0DWHULDOLHQ]XU%LOGXQJVSODQXQJXQG]XU
)RUVFKXQJVI|UGHUXQJ
>@.|KOHU7.UHLNHQERP+1HXPDQQ-8HEHUVFKDHU$2QOLQH
/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQDXV6LFKWYRQ$XVELOGHQGHUXQG$XV]XELOGHQGHQ,Q
1&.UlPHU16WUlÀLQJ10DO]DKQ7*DQVWHU8+RSSH+UVJ
/HUQHQLP:HE±(UIDKUXQJHQDXV%HUXIVELOGXQJXQG6WXGLXP5HLKH
Ä%HULFKWH]XUEHUXÀLFKHQ%LOGXQJ³%RQQ%,%%9HUODJ
>@.|KOHU71HXPDQQ-'DV2QOLQH%HULFKWVKHIW±6WlUNXQJGHU
/HUQRUWNRRSHUDWLRQLQGHUGXDOHQ%HUXIVDXVELOGXQJGXUFK:HE
%LHOHIHOGZEY
>@6WDWLVWLVFKHV%XQGHVDPW$XJXVW'HVWDWLV$OOJHPHLQELOGHQGHXQG
EHUXÀLFKH6FKXOHQ9RQKWWSVZZZGHVWDWLVGH'(7KHPHQ*HVHOOVFKDIW
8PZHOW%LOGXQJ)RUVFKXQJ.XOWXU6FKXOHQ7DEHOOHQDOOJHPHLQELOGHQGH
EHUXÀLFKHVFKXOHQVFKXODUWHQKWPODEJHUXIHQ
