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Margaret Thatcher: ¿precursora del brexit o europeísta ambigua?

Authors:
David Ramiro Troitiño at Tallinn University of Technology
David Ramiro Troitiño
Tanel Kerikmäe at Tallinn University of Technology
Tanel Kerikmäe
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Abstract

Margaret Hilda Thatcher ha sido una de las políticas más influyentes en el proceso de construcción europea desde su liderazgo del Reino Unido durante un periodo de cambio y profundización en Europa. Su popularidad entre británicos y europeos es todavía alta y sus ideas liberales continúan de actualidad. La participación de la mujer de Estado británica en cuestiones cruciales como el Acta Única Europea o el cheque británico ha tenido consecuencias que afectan aún al conjunto de Europa. Asimismo, la fuerza icónica de su figura ha sido ampliamente utilizada con fines partidistas durante la campaña que precedió al referéndum británico que ha desembocado en el brexit. La presente investigación indaga sobre la figura de Thatcher desde una perspectiva singular, analizando sus contribuciones al avance del proceso de construcción europea y su bloqueo a la integración en algunos campos. El análisis directo de sus acciones, amén de sus frecuentes declaraciones respecto a la integración europea, son el pilar básico de la investigación realizada, cuyo objetivo es desenmarañar la posición de Thatcher con respecto a la Unión Europea. Las fuentes primarias son cardinales en la pesquisa, y se complementan con fuentes secundarias de alta calidad académica que han tratado el tema perpendicularmente. El problema de separar el mito de la realidad, de discernir el personaje real de la imagen, altamente manipulada por diversas corrientes para aprovecharse de su popularidad hoy en día aun alta, ha sido el mayor reto de esta investigación.
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MARGARET THATCHER: ¿PRECURSORA DEL BREXIT O EUROPEÍSTA
AMBIGUA?
Margaret Thatcher: BREXIT precursor or recalcitrant pro-European
DAVID RAMIRO TROITIÑO
Universidad Técnica de Tallin (Estonia)
david.troitino@taltech.ee
TANEL KERIKMÄE
Universidad Técnica de Tallin (Estonia)
tanel.kerikmae@taltech.ee
Cómo citar/Citation
Ramiro Troitiño, D. y Kerikmäe, T. (2019).
Margaret Thatcher: ¿precursora del Brexit o europeísta ambigua?.
Historia y Política, 42, 00-00.
doi: https://doi.org/10.18042/hp.42.12
(Recepción: 08/11/2018; evaluación: 19/01/2019; aceptación: 13/05/2019; publicación:
13/12/2019)
Resumen
Margaret Hilda Thatcher ha sido una de las políticas más influyentes en el proceso de
construcción europea desde su liderazgo del Reino Unido durante un periodo de cambio y
profundización en Europa. Su popularidad entre británicos y europeos es todavía alta y sus ideas
liberales continúan de actualidad. La participación de la mujer de Estado británica en cuestiones
cruciales como el Acta Única Europea o el cheque británico ha tenido consecuencias que
afectan aún al conjunto de Europa. Asimismo, la fuerza icónica de su figura ha sido
ampliamente utilizada con fines partidistas durante la campaña que precedió al referéndum
británico que ha desembocado en el brexit. La presente investigación indaga sobre la figura de
Thatcher desde una perspectiva singular, analizando sus contribuciones al avance del proceso
de construcción europea y su bloqueo a la integración en algunos campos. El análisis directo de
sus acciones, amén de sus frecuentes declaraciones respecto a la integración europea, son el
pilar básico de la investigación realizada, cuyo objetivo es desenmarañar la posición de
Thatcher con respecto a la Unión Europea. Las fuentes primarias son cardinales en la pesquisa,
y se complementan con fuentes secundarias de alta calidad académica que han tratado el tema
perpendicularmente. El problema de separar el mito de la realidad, de discernir el personaje real
de la imagen, altamente manipulada por diversas corrientes para aprovecharse de su
popularidad hoy en día aun alta, ha sido el mayor reto de esta investigación.
Palabras clave
Thatcher; Reino Unido; Unión Europea; cooperación europea; integración europea.
Abstract
Margaret Thatcher has been one of the most influential politicians in the European building
process as she was the head of one of the most outstanding member states of Europe. Numerous
British and European citizens continue to share her ideas currently so her importance goes
beyond her period in politics. Her participation in different European developments such as the
Single European Act or the British Rebate has consequences that still affect the whole of
Europe. In addition, the iconic strength of his figure has been widely used during the campaign
that preceded the British referendum that led to the brexit. The present investigation explores
the figure of Thatcher from a unique perspective when analyzing her contributions to the
process of European construction in the context of her contributions and her concerns to the
integration process. The direct analysis of her actions and her statements regarding European
integration are the basic pillar of the research carried out, with the aim of clarifying Thatcher's
position with regard to the European Union. Therefore, primary sources are essential,
complementing secondary sources of high academic quality that have treated the subject
tangentially. The problem of separating myth from reality, of discerning a character highly
manipulated by different political actors to take advantage of her popularity, even today high,
has been the greatest challenge of this research, whose results clearly reflect a Thatcher united
to Europe, but not to the European Union.
Keywords
Thatcher; United Kingdom; European Union; European cooperation; European integration.
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... Moreover, even when this wave is not recent, this research deals with sentiments that has characterized countries such as France and Great Britain for centuries (Troitiño andKerikmäe, 2019 andTroitiño, Polese andBraghiroli, 2018) and it brings the opportunity to assess the relation between nationalism and attitudes to the EU before the Brexit, a relevant process that may influence French´s perceptions. The fourth wave will shed light on this impact (it will be released in 2026). ...
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Chapter
  • Jan 1995
Much work on the UK executive still focuses on long-running ‘chestnuts of the constitution’, especially the controversy about the relative power of the prime minister and the cabinet (Heclo and Wildaysky, 1974, pp.341–3). Mackintosh’s (1962, 1968) study crowned the debate with an impressive summary of the historical evolution of cabinet government, but over the last 30 years little systematic fieldwork-based research into the prime minister or cabinet government has been published (the major exceptions are Hennessy, 1986; James, 1992; but see also Herman and Alt, 1978; Headey, 1974). Although this topic lives on as a standard controversy much raked over by students and newspaper columnists, in political science it has been an inactive field.
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Concepts and Problems Associated with eDemocracy
Chapter
  • Jul 2014
Information and communications technology (ICT) plays a major role in modern society. The Internet has certain unique factors which make eParticipation and eGovernance particularly appealing, namely the size and extent of the Internet, which enables it to be a medium whereby information can be very widely dispersed. This in turn has made political participation easy online. However, there is also a propensity of ICT to be used to interfere with our right to privacy. There is a need to factor in present and future requirements in the scope of eDemocracy and eGovernance generally, and one of the key issues is the devising of methods to narrow the prevailing digital divide. There is also more need for creation of adequate support tools to enable the user to navigate through vast contents, while also engaging and interacting in a meaningful manner with others. For eDemocracy to flourish, what is needed are newer versions of ICT, interest in eDemocracy (both by the government and public), suitable legislation, financing, and a generally conducive environment for enhancement of democratic ideals. However, by its very nature, technology is not inherently democratic. To indulge in eParticipation, we need to understand the concept of ePersonality. This in turn leads us to the question of what is an ePerson? In order to enable the ePersonality to flourish, the authors propose the need to create a parallel online universe, where rights and liabilities mirror those found in our various earthly conventions and declarations related to human, cultural and political rights, but where the distinction between the real world and the online world persists—thereby creating a situation wherein the twain shall coexist but never meet. This is the cloned heaven specially made for Trishanku, a concept taken from Hindu mythology in an attempt to find the answer for the future from our past.
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