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Salud auditiva en la comunidad de víctimas del conflicto armado sobrevivientes a la masacre de Bojayá en el departamento del Chocó, Colombia.

Authors:
Zulma Consuelo Urrego - Mendoza at National University of Colombia
Zulma Consuelo Urrego - Mendoza
Mariana Moreno Martinez at National University of Colombia
Mariana Moreno Martinez
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Abstract

Este estudio descriptivo tiene el objeto de establecer el perfil de salud auditiva en la comunidad de víctimas del conflicto armado sobrevivientes a la llamada “Masacre de Bojayá” y se desarrolla en el marco del posacuerdo vivido en Colombia actualmente y a raíz de las secuelas evidenciadas en la población del municipio de Bojayá, Chocó tras los actos de violencia sucedidos en el año 2002, más específicamente la explosión de un cilindro bomba que concluyó en la muerte, desplazamiento y victimización la mayoría de población, junto a graves afectaciones de salud física y mental, entre ellas la pérdida auditiva y factores concomitantes a dicha dificultad.
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Salud auditiva en víctimas afrocolombianas del conflicto armado sobrevivientes de
artefacto explosivo improvisado
Hearing health in Afro-Colombian victims of the armed conflict survivors of improvised
explosive device
RESUMEN
Introducción: En el año 2002 un artefacto explosivo improvisado estalló sobre la
población civil afrocolombiana refugiada en una iglesia generando una masacre. Los
sobrevivientes presentaron importantes afectaciones en la salud sin estudio completo
hasta la fecha.
Objetivo: Establecer el perfil de salud auditiva en la comunidad de sobrevivientes a la
“Masacre de Bojayá”, Chocó.
Métodos: Estudio de caso descriptivo, a partir de evaluaciones clínicas audiológicas con
anamnesis, otoscopia, audiometría, logoaudiometría e impedanciometría en 61
personas sobrevivientes; la información fue analizada con Epi info 7.2.0.1. Se estudiaron
variables socio-demográficas, factores de riesgo, signos y síntomas auditivos, y
diagnósticos audiológicos.
Resultados: Un 72,13 % de los participantes fueron mujeres y los restantes, hombres.
Además de exposición al estallido de artefacto explosivo improvisado, que les afectó
tanto en recinto cerrado (78, 69 %), como en exteriores adyacentes (3,28 %) o
ubicaciones más distantes, los principales factores de riesgo auditivo encontrados
fueron la infección de oído previa (26,87 %). Un 70,49 % sufría de tinnitus y 14,75 % de
vértigo. El 81,97 % de sobrevivientes (n=50) presentaron alteraciones en su audición, sin
estudio previo. Un 81 % de quienes se encontraron con algún grado de hipoacusia
reportaban el antecedente de exposición al estallido dentro del espacio cerrado de la
iglesia.
Conclusiones: Se encontró importante afectación en salud auditiva entre los
sobrevivientes de la masacre de Bojayá, Chocó.
Palabras Claves: Traumatismos por Explosión; Conflictos Armados; Pérdida Auditiva;
Grupo de Ascendencia Continental Africana; Audiología.
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