Differences and similarities between some European and Japanese plum cultivars

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


 
Abstract
Prunus               
                  
    Prunus domestica  !Prunus
salicina  !  "  #          
   Prunus domestica  $$ 
        %        
  &  '  #  "   (
) * #    $+
Prunus domestica   ,'%  ,-%  ,#%  ,#%
,%  ,%!     Prunus salicina   ,  %
,./0%,./.$%,%!  1223 '
4$/56 +1
 1278127
  9  :    $
/;!!<.+!
:  5  /81!      $ Plum pox virus 
Monilinia   '           
  /    
'    +        /       
$ 
$Monilinia 
=7/;
  8  >  $    !     ?          
     +

@$9Prunus domestica !., Prunus salicina ! "   #"

"A'#BC-'"BA
  $%&&&
'  $     ()  *  +&           ,  
, -./  0&&12 3    0&(02 /.    0&(+4   
  '"             
-Prunus domestica!25206+748
-Prunus salicina!2206(%4-9/:$ ())%2
0&&(230&(02/.0&(+4'$
8$ 5";
$"       #    '    3"      
/-30&(04
3$
3 $'
  '          <    
      $  -=    >?  0&&)4    
! -()@+4      Prunus domestica  "    "$
$Prunus cerasifera Prunus spinosa$

           " "$.

  ';.
2AB"" 2 
 $5-=
 >? 0&&)4 Prunus domestica  '"  
  A'$  '"$$
'-"'4-
())14
8               -C .  '  4  $  
$"$'8-./0&&143
 >,
$"  =     (71&  3      $  !  $/    
$    (71D        '$        
         '  -=    >?  0&&)4
3'" E"$'
$"     '" ' /-.
0&&14
-$176>3 3
        D2      $       
  >0)D@D)  ED<    
4   $  (@D7+)1  7F      
4 "      $
 $F-,9
'0&(%4
    B       '"
'''$
   ''$  
 Prunus domestica. 3    '        
    $   '$ '  / G3
HG"HGH, HG,IH 5.
$B'$   $
'#" -
0&(D48/
                 
B    ' "    5  Prunus
domestica'Prunus salicina '0&&)
 
4'#"0A4'FB0
35 
                  5 Prunus
domestica '  J           $   
-G3HGH GHGH G, H G,H4    Prunus
salicina '  -GH  G/  H  G/  "H  G, H4  
'-3$(4
3$(!'
No. Name of cultivar Reported parentage
Prunus domestica – hexaploid cultivars
1 ‘Agent’ Selection within a population of seedlings resulted from open pollination
2 ‘Andreea’ Unknown
3 ‘Carpatin’ Tuleu gras x Early Rivers
4 ‘Roman’ Tuleu gras x Early Rivers
5 ‘Romanta’ Stanley x Valcean

6 ‘Tita’ Tuleu gras – irradiated stones
Prunus salicina – diploid cultivars
1 ‘Angeleno’ Open pollination of Queen Ann
2 ‘Black Beauty’ Open pollination of Red Beauty
3 ‘Black Star’ Chance seedling
4 ‘El Dorado’ Unknown
-.0&&120&(&4
3' "$/0&&)
 +  5 0       0&(@   0&(D      $'  
<A  "-/ K4
         - 4  $      -F  54  A  E
-/ J04$"Plum pox virusMonilinia 
3  $              
/           -/   ()%&2      
()1%4
3"$"  
-/ K4' 
 $ K2$
        $      F  5      
  '"2    5  /      -L, a, b4  
 L+&& L
 ! a  b  "-   
$"'"EJ
'   =    ;  M  -M    4
#             &(&  02     5  
/ J0
3'Plum pox virus  Monilinia
               Prunus 
-  %(  B      :/    NPrunus   O  4<  (
2  0  P"    $2  @  !  $2  D  2  1
$27P"$2)5"$
3  ;      '    ".   G
 JQ&&D
#0C'0A"0-C00"BA
,  '"           '    "
      $  "      3      
$B'$  
'/3$$
 '$.' +&',
5 '' 8'
/
Blooming time. R"        $    J,
 
$' '$ $&D
00, 8'$ "
'-$@&((,43
5/ "
,-3$04
Harvesting time. P  $   "    '
-GHG3H G/ "H4 3 "'  
$"  /     /
     '"       $    '    '$
 '  -3$04

='"' E";#"
      A  E  /    $  
-4$"-3,4-  0&(@4
3$ 0  3  $            '     Prunus
domestica!Prunus salicina!-0&(@J0&(D4
No. Cultivar Blooming time Ripening time
2013 2014 2015 2013 2014 2015
Prunus domestica L.
1 ‘Agent’ 22.04 08.04 16.04 15.08 18.08 19.08
2 ‘Andreea’ 20.04 07.04 15.04 20.08 22.08 23.08
3 ‘Carpatin’ 22.04 09.04 16.04 26.07 27.07 30.07
4 ‘Roman’ 21.04 07.04 16.04 05.08 10.08 10.08
5 ‘Romanta’ 20.04 05.04 15.04 15.08 20.08 21.08
6 ‘Tita’ 20.04 08.04 15.04 25.07 26.07 30.07
Amplitude 05.04 – 22.04 25.07 – 23.08
Prunus salicina Lindl.
1 ‘Angeleno’ 11.04 30.03 06.04 10.09 15.09 15.09
2 ‘Black Beauty’ 10.04 30.03 07.04 25.07 24.07 26.07
3 ‘Black Star’ 10.04 30.03 07.04 03.08 05.08 05.08
4 ‘El Dorado’ 10.04 30.03 07.04 01.08 03.08 01.08
Amplitude 30.03 – 11.04 24.07 – 15.09
Yielding capacity3B"'
$        "      -'"  0&(04  $  
'"         "    
"     '"   
 H     - Q&&D4   E
;  $    '  ='    $    
$'    GH -0&)  / K  J        "4  3  '
        '       0%(0    3  
 '  GH G,H    G3H" 0&)2  (7D
 (7( / K '" 3 "    8  ' G
H    G, H   (D(   (@1  / K  -3$ @4    0&(@ 
8''"  (7/ K
-GH    G, H4      5    "      
 Monilinia /" 
3$@3'  0&(@*0&(D-1"
+504
No. Cultivar Average fruit production
(kg/tree)
Average fruit production (t/ha)
Prunus domestica L.
1 ‘Agent’ 10.27 de 12.84 de
2 ‘Andreea’ 18.50 ab 23.12 ab
3 ‘Carpatin’ 15.03 bc 18.79 bc
4 ‘Roman’ 9.07 e 11.34 e
5 ‘Romanta’ 20.90 a 26.12 a
6 ‘Tita’ 18.13 ab 22.66 ab
Amplitude 9.00 – 21.60 11.25 – 27.00
Prunus salicina Lindl.
1 ‘Angeleno’ 13.67 cd 17.08 cd
2 ‘Black Beauty’ 8.77 e 10.96 e
3 ‘Black Star’ 8.30 e 10.37 e

4 ‘El Dorado’ 15.40 bc 19.25 bc
Amplitude 5.00 – 18.70 6.25 – 23.37
    >$  $"          E"
;-S&&D4
Fruit characteristics
3  $
$"  8'-
0&(D2P 0&(&20&(04
Fruit weight.,        /      '
 .,'  -,:4
$"  0D'"
      GH-%&) 4
G3H-D(1 43;5
.G, HG,H  8 
$G/H-1&) 4G/"H-%0D 4
$'8      -
' D%) 8'+&7 4-3$+4
Fruit soluble solids content."
    $      #"  5 3      '    
 $GH-()(@F4 G,H-0@(&F4
 G, H -0++@F438 '   $ 
 G, H -(%)%F4   GH -(%(@F4        
$' $
8-' D%) 8'+&7 
4-3$+4
Flesh rmness             
E"$
/ B '#"$"'"
           #"  -/    :  0&(&4
"AE  "
    '   "   E       "  
'-())+4
3  '   AE GH
-+10  /  J04    G3H  -+@7  /  J04  '    E    $"
P -0&(&4-E'  
E4'  +-E+&J
D)= >K&(&0#'+&&*%&&/ J04
$"//- 4,8
' AE-$D%&/ J0 GH
7&D/ J0G, H4'-3$+4
    -0&(D4         '  01*@D  >
AE @&*@D/ J0  (((*()1F
3,'&@&(%&F
3$+3'"-0&(@*
0&(D4
No. Cultivar Fruits weight (g) Fruit soluble solids
content (%)
Flesh firmness
(kgcm-2)
Prunus domestica L.
1 ‘Agent’ 32.53 e 24.43 a 3.56 h
2 ‘Andreea’ 36.53 de 23.10 b 3.85 gh
3 ‘Carpatin’ 49.87 c 19.13 c 4.15 fg
4 ‘Roman’ 50.20 c 14.87 efg 4.20 fg
5 ‘Romanta’ 60.90 b 14.27 gh 4.72 e

6 ‘Tita’ 51.70 c 16.10 de 4.38 ef
Amplitude 31.40 – 62.30 14.00 – 25.40 3.31 – 4.93
Prunus salicina Lindl.
1 ‘Angeleno’ 52.53 c 16.97 d 8.05 a
2 ‘Black Beauty’ 62.53 b 15.33 ef 6.70 c
3 ‘Black Star’ 70.90 a 14.00 h 7.22 b
4 ‘El Dorado’ 41.80 d 16.13 de 5.60 d
Amplitude 40.80 – 81.30 14.00 – 17.60 5.44 – 8.44
    >$  $"          E"
;-S&&D4
Fruits colour
/5
                      
     " $/  
   "        A'  '  3        H
'$3
$"-30&&D4
3'
<'L3
 -G, HG,HGHGH4/
$-GHG3HG, HG/"H/H4-3$D4
,      !,                 
 E  ;  $  '  ,'  '    !T    0@(0
'  $0&+)-GH40%))-G, H4'
'!T5$/   5T'
$             E  ;  $  '
3'  '  T   ++D       '
 G, H  %@1    G3H(&D -/  $ 4  9
5  $T           E  ;  $  '  3
' '  $TJ(D1 '  -'4   
  G  H  -&+74         $          '
- '4    G, H  -JD@&4      /  $      $/
-3$D4
/ "' 
    -!T4      -T4      $  -$T4  -P    
0&(&4
3$D3'"-0&(@*0&(D4
No. Cultivar Visual colour Colour parameters (L* a* b*)
L* a* b*
Prunus domestica L.
1 ‘Agent’ Reddish 26.99 a 6.30 b 0.27 a
2 ‘Andreea’ Reddish 26.70 a 6.37 b -0.39 a
3 ‘Carpatin’ Blue brown 22.61 b 1.63 b -1.33 ab
4 ‘Roman’ Reddish 20.96 b 4.99 b -0.65 ab
5 ‘Romanta’ Dark blue 26.66 a 3.23 b -4.36 bc
6 ‘Tita’ Dark blue 21.94 b 1.05 b -2.51 ab
Prunus salicina Lindl.
1 ‘Angeleno’ Dark blue (almost
black)
22.69 b 8.94 a -5.30 c
2 ‘Black Beauty’ Dark blue 20.70 b 2.35 b -1.08 ab
3 ‘Black Star’ Dark blue 21.42 b 4.75 b -0.82 ab
4 ‘El Dorado’ Reddish 20.49 b 4.90 b 0.48 a
Average - 23.12 4.45 -1.57

    >$  $"          E"
;-S&&D4
Susceptibility to *+**G!. Plum pox virus   
/J'          '  ;  
$ "
    -      0&(04      /        
        "    "    '  
'-U 0&&(4, '$'E
-4GHG3HGHG
H ' P" '-0 J'"
 $49"' -GHG3H4P 
"    - 0  J  '"    $4  ,      
                "    '  
$"''
$' '
3  '  '  $     "  $"  !,    -
K'4   $"  !,          
  '<  GH  GH  GH  G3H  G  H  
G, H-3$%4
3$ % 3 $'  '  T - 5 P  Monilia
4-0&(@*0&(D4
No. Cultivar PPV** Monilia sp.**
On leaves On fruits ELISA test
Prunus domestica L.
1 ‘Agent’ 1.00 c 1.00 b Negative 2.33 bc
2 ‘Andreea’ 1.00 c 1.00 b Negative 1.00 c
3 ‘Carpatin’ 2.67 a 2.00 a Positive 2.33 bc
4 ‘Roman’ 1.00 c 1.00 b Positive 1.00 c
5 ‘Romanta’ 1.67 b 1.00 b Positive 1.67 bc
6 ‘Tita’ 2.67 a 2.00 a Positive 4.33 ab
Prunus salicina Lindl.
1 ‘Angeleno’ 1.00 c 1.00 b Negative 6.67 a
2 ‘Black Beauty’ 1.00 c 1.00 b Positive 7.00 a
3 ‘Black Star’ 1.00 c 1.00 b Negative 5.67 a
4 ‘El Dorado’ 2.00 b 1.00 b Positive 5.33 a
Average 1.50 1.20 3.73
T   "<  (  2 0  P"   $2  @ ! $2D  21
$27P"$2)5"$
TT  >$$"   E"
;-S&&D4
Susceptibility to Monilia  R'$
    $"       '  "  ='"      
 $      0&   0DVW  "
  Monilinia
5  E           Monilinia  '"    
8' "'-D1
*        $4        '  
  -  0 J  '"    $4         "  -0&(+  
0&(D4 Monilinia /   '"           "     8
-3$%4
-BA-C0"BA0

3     ' $ $ &D
00, 8'$ "
'-$@&((,4
,  '    ;     '        
8"$
3"' 8
'
8' E
$
8 ''  $"  Monilinia 

'    #   $    . 
     8  '  5  
'  

.8-0&&14,'" $ ,=1@+<@(J
+D
U      -0&(&4         ' ,
=71+<D(JD7
          -0&(04     '      
"'/E
PXXP>P!
                 -0&(D4  '        
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