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Concept of eliminating past environmental damage in the area of mining industry of the North Caucasus
Abstract
The article presents the results of many years research on the surface infrastructure influence of mining industry of the North Caucasus on biosphere components in its area of activity. Considering that industrial mining of ores on the eastern slope of Caucasus Mountains (Sadonskoe silver-zinc deposit) began in the middle of the nineteenth century by Belgian industrialists and continues to the present. The accumulation of heavy and toxic metals in the soil horizon is shown (2.5–3.5 MAC), creating a real threat to health and livelihoods of the population living here. Fragmentary variability of landscapes, leading to the depletion of biological diversity, up to the disappearance of its various types has been revealed. According to the intensity of dust emission and the share of negative sources participation in the overall balance of dust pollution of the area atmosphere, it has been found that man-made deposits of ore processing waste are potential foci of catastrophic processes in the destruction of fencing dams by mountain streams, as they are located on terraced areas of mountain valleys. It is analytically established that safety, both general and environmental, can be achieved only by eliminating these sources from potentially dangerous places.
Substantiates the strategy for the development of a promising scientific area of activity of the All-Russian research institute for civil defense and emergency situations of EMERCOM of Russia (Federal center for science and high technologies) in the field of preventing the environmental consequences of emergencies, ensuring environmental safety, in terms of the activities of EMERCOM of Russia. The development of a new interdisciplinary field of research into interrelated problems of ensuring the safety of life of the population, the state of human protection from emergencies, monitoring and forecasting their environmentally adverse consequences is becoming particularly relevant in a complex geopolitical situation, the reduction of reserves of uncontaminated natural resources, and the ever-increasing technospheric impact on the natural environment. The novelty of the approaches proposed by the authors lies in a new format for studying the processes of environmental hazard from the standpoint of preventing its occurrence at the stage and in the sources of origin. The purpose of this study was to develop new conceptual approaches, the main activities of a scientific institution in the interdisciplinary subject area of monitoring, forecasting the state of protection of the population, the natural environment, territories from threats of natural and man-made emergencies in terms of preventing dangerous environmental and related consequences. One of the applied tasks of the work was to substantiate the formation of one of the first joint dissertation councils in Russia in the scientific specialty «Environmental safety». According to the authors of the article, the development of scientific research within the framework of the work of the new dissertation council will serve as a powerful impetus to the intensification of research activities in the relevant field of knowledge aimed at ensuring the safety, favorable conditions of Russian citizens, protection and preservation of the natural environment, ensuring sustainable socio-economic development of the Russian Federation.
- A Monin
- K S Losev
Monin A S and Losev K S 1999 Ecological Encyclopedic Dictionary (Publ. house Noosphere) 930
p
New methods in assessing the impact of mining on the environment Mining sci. at the turn of the 21 st century
- N N Chaplygin
- V I Papichev
- G I Blizniuk
- A Proshliakov
- D O Stoliarov
Chaplygin N N, Papichev V I, Blizniuk G I, Proshliakov A A and Stoliarov D O 1998 New
methods in assessing the impact of mining on the environment Mining sci. at the turn of the 21 st
century, Proc. of the 1997 Int. Conf. (Yekaterinburg; Moscow) pp 468-77
Mining ecology in the research of IPKON
- N N Chaplygin
- V I Papichev
Chaplygin N N and Papichev V I 1997 Mining ecology in the research of IPKON RAS Mountain
Bull. 5 86-92
New methods in assessing the impact of mining on the environment
- Chaplygin
Mining ecology in the research of IPKON RAS
- Chaplygin