(PDF) الحق التعويضي في التأمين على الحياة والجهة المستفيدة منه

............................................................................................................... 



٣٩

*ذﺎﺗﺳأكرﺎﺷﻣ ،ﺔﯾﻧدرﻷا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻟا ،ﺔﻌﯾرﺷﻟا ﺔﯾﻠﻛ ،ﻪﻟوﺻأو ﻪﻘﻔﻟا مﺳﻗ.

 

*

ثﺣﺑﻟا لوﺻو ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :١٥/٩/٢٠١٠مثﺣﺑﻟا لوﺑﻗ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :٣/١٠/٢٠١١م  

ﺗﻟاﺄنﯾﻣ دـﻬﻌﺗﺗ يرﺎـﺟﺗﻟا نﯾﻣﺎﺗﻟا دوﻘﻋ عاوﻧأ نﻣ ةﺎﯾﺣﻟا ﻰﻠﻋﻩﺎﺿـﺗﻘﻣﺑ نﻣؤـﻣﻟا ةرـﺳأ ﻰـﻟإ لﺎـﻣﻟا نـﻣ ﻎـﻠﺑﻣ مﯾدـﻘﺗﺑ نﯾﻣﺄـﺗﻟا ﺔـﻬﺟ

ﻪﻟوأﻲﻓ ﻪﻧﯾﻌﯾ يذﻟا دﯾﻔﺗﺳﻣﻟا دﻘﻌﻟااذإ وأ ًﺎﯾرﻬـﺷ ةدـﻣﻟا كـﻠﺗ ﻲـﻓ ﺎﻬﻌﻓدـﯾ ةددـﺣﻣ طﺎﺳـﻗأ ءﺎـﻘﻟ دـﻘﻌﻟا ﻲﻓ ةددﺣﻣﻟا ةدﻣﻟا لﻼﺧ ﻲﻓوﺗ

ًﺎﯾوﻧﺳ . توـﻣﻟا دﻌﺑ ﺎﻬﻘﯾﻘﺣﺗ ﻲﻓ بﻏرﺗ بﺳﺎﻛﻣ وأ دﺻﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﻬﻟ نﻣﻣ سﺎﻧﻟا نﻣ ةددﺣﻣ ﺔﺋﻓ نﯾﺑ نﯾﻣﺄﺗﻟا نﻣ عوﻧﻟا اذﻫ دادزﯾوﻲـﺗﻟاو

و دﺎـﺟﯾإ قـﯾرط نـﻋ توﻣﻟﺎـﺑ نﺋﺎـﻛﻟا مدـﻌﻟا رـﺛأ ﺔﻬﺟاوﻣ ﺎﻬﻧﻣ ًﺎـﯾﻟﺎﻣ ررﺿـﻟا ﻪـﯾﻠﻋ ﻊـﻘﯾ نـﻣ ﻰـﻠﻋ ﻊـﻗاوﻟا توـﻣﻟا رـﺛأ ﻊـﻓرﺗ ﺔـﯾﻟﺎﻣ ﺔﻠﯾـﺳ

ﻪﺗوﻣ لﺑﻗ ررﺿﻟا اذﻫ ﻪﯾﻘﯾ نﺎﻛ نﻣ توﻣﺑ .

دﻗو ﻲﻟﺎﻣﻟا لدﺑﻟا وﻫو ،ﻲﺿﯾوﻌﺗﻟا قﺣﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻧﻋ رﺑﻌﯾ يذﻟا ﻪﻟ نﻣؤﻣﻠﻟ قﺣﺗﺳﻣﻟا ﻲﻟﺎﻣﻟا ﻎﻠﺑﻣﻟا مﻛﺣ نﺎﯾﺑ ﻲﻓ ثﺣﺑﻟا ءﺎﺟ

ﻟا ررﺿﻟا نﻋ ًﺎﺿﯾوﻌﺗ دﯾﻔﺗﺳﻣﻟا وأ ﺔﺛروﻠﻟ تﺑﺎﺛﻟا ﻩدﺿ نﻣؤﻣﻟا رطﺧﻟا عوﻗو دﻧﻋ يوﻧﻌﻣﻟا وأ يدﺎﻣ-توﻣﻟا- رﻣﻷا ﻲﻟو ﻩررﻘﯾ

ثﯾﺣ نﻣو قﺣﻟا اذﻬﻟ ءﻲﺷﻧﻣﻟا بﺑﺳﻟا ثﯾﺣ نﻣ ًﻻﺎﻣﺗﺣا ﻊﻗوﺗﻣﻟا توﻣﻟا رﺛأ ﺔﻬﺟاوﻣﻟ ًارﺎﯾﺗﺧا دﻘﻌﻟﺎﺑ ﻪﻟ نﻣؤﻣﻟا ﻩؤﺷﻧﯾ وأ ًارﺎﺑﺟإ

ﺢﺟرﺗ دﻗو ،ﺔﻬﺟﻟا ﻩذﻫ دﯾدﺣﺗ ﻲﻓ قﺣﻟا بﺣﺎﺻو ﻎﻠﺑﻣﻟا اذﻫ ﺎﻬﯾﻟإ لوؤﯾ ﻲﺗﻟا ﺔﻬﺟﻟا ﺔﯾطﻋو ﺔﺣﻧﻣ نﯾﻣﺄﺗﻟا ﻎﻠﺑﻣ نأ ثﺣﺎﺑﻟا دﻧﻋ

رﺎﺛآ ﺔﻬﺟاوﻣﻟ ًﺎﻔﻠﺳ دﻌﻣﻟاو عوﻣﺟﻣﻟا ﻎﻠﺑﻣﻟا ﺔﻠﯾﺻﺣ نﻣ مﻬﻟ نﻣؤﻣﻟا عوﻣﺟﻣ ﻪﻣدﻘﯾ نوﻌﻟا مﯾدﻘﺗو لﻓﺎﻛﺗﻟا ﻪﻧﻣ دﺻﻘﯾ لﻣﻋ لﺑﺎﻘﻣ

ًﻻوأ مدﻗ يذﻟا رﯾﺧﻟا لﻌﻓ ﻰﻠﻋ ةﺄﻓﺎﻛﻣو ءازﺟ ﻻإ سﯾﻟ نﯾﻣﺄﺗﻟا ﻎﻠﺑﻣ نﻣ ﻊﻓدﯾ ﺎﻣ نوﻛﯾو ﺔﯾﻟﺎﻣﻟا ﺔﯾﺣﺎﻧﻟا نﻣ توﻣﻟا بﺎﺑ نﻣ

عوﻣﺟﻣو ﻪﻟ نﻣؤﻣﻟا نﺎﻓرطﻟا ﻪﯾﻠﻋ ﻰﺿارﺗ يذﻟا ﻪﯾﻠﻋ قﻔﺗﻣﻟا دﻬﻌﺗﻠﻟ ًاذﯾﻔﻧﺗ دﯾﻔﺗﺳﻣﻟا ﻰﻟإ وأ ﻪﻟ نﻣؤﻣﻟا ﺔﻠﺋﺎﻋ ﻰﻟإ ﻊﻓدﺗ ﺔﻧوﻌﻣﻟا

دﯾدﺣﺗ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻠﻣﺎﻛﻟا ﺔﯾرﺣﻟا ﻪﻟ نﻣؤﻣﻟا ﺢﻧﻣﯾ ﺔﯾطﻋو ﺔﺣﻧﻣ ﻪﻧأ ﻰﻠﻋ نﯾﻣﺄﺗﻟا ﻎﻠﺑﻣ ﺞﯾرﺧﺗو ،نﯾﻣﺄﺗﻟا ﺔﻬﺟ مﻬﻠﺛﻣﺗ نﯾذﻟا نﯾﻧﻣؤﻣﻟا

ﻣﻟا اذﻫ نﻣ دﯾﻔﺗﺳﻣﻟا ﻪﻧﻣ ﺔﻠﺣﻧو ﺔﯾطﻋ وﻬﻓ ،ﺎﻣﻬﻣﺎﻛﺣأ ﻪﯾﻠﻋ يرﺟﺗ ﻼﻓ ﺔﯾﺻو وأ ثارﯾﻣﺑ دﯾﯾﻘﺗ نود ﻪﻌﯾزوﺗ ﺔﯾﻔﯾﻛو ﻪﺗوﻣ لﺑﻗ لﺎ

ﻩدﻧﺳﺗ يذﻟا ﺢﺟارﻟا وﻫ اذﻫو ﺎﻬﻧﻋ ًﺎﯾﺑﻧﺟأ نوﻛﯾ دﻗو ﻪﺗرﺳأ نﻣ ًﺎﺛراو جﺎﺗﺣﻣﻟا نوﻛﯾ دﻗو ،لﺎﻣﻟا اذﻫ ﻰﻟإ ﻪﺗﺟﺎﺣ ىرﯾ نﻣ ﻰﻟإ

باوﺻﻟﺎﺑ مﻠﻋأ ﷲاو ﺔﻟدﻷاو تﺎﻬﯾﺟوﺗﻟا نﻣ ﺔﻠﻣﺟ. 

Abstract

Life insurance is a contract in which the insurer promises to pay an amount of money to the family of

the insured or to an assigned person. This is if the insured person died during the contract time and in

exchange of the premium payments paid to the insurer. People who have the goal of preventing their

dependents from any kind of damage especially the financial one caused by death are very interested in

this kind of contracts .

This paper shows the legal ruling of the amount of money paid to the beneficiary in exchange of the

material and immaterial damages which might be caused by the death of the insured person. This amount

of money is determined by the ruler or established willingly by the insured to face the sequences of the

possible death in regard of its reason and the party to which this money will be paid, and the one who has

the right to determine this party .

Scholars differ about this right and how to give it a juristic adaptation. The researcher sees that the

preferred view is to consider this sum of money as a cooperative donation and a gift from all insured

people to the beneficiary or his family members in exchange of the premium paid during the contract

period and according to the agreement they had. This preference gives the insured person the freedom to

designate the beneficiary person/s and does not confine it to his relatives or inheritors. It is

a preference according to the study of this issue and the legal evidence, and Allah knows best .

:ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﻟﺍﻪﻨﻣ ﺓﺪﻴﻔﺘﺴﻤﻟﺍ ﺔﻬﺠﻟﺍﻭ ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺘﻟﺍ ﻰﻓ ﻰﻀﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﺤﻟﺍ

:ﺭﺪﺼﻤﻟﺍﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ

:ﺮﺷﺎﻨﻟﺍﺖﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

:ﻲﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻒﻟؤﻤﻟﺍﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺪﻤﺣﺃ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ،ﺯﺎﺒﻟﺍ

:ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ/ﺪﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ4ﻉ ,9ﺞﻣ

:ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻣﻢﻌﻧ

:ﻱﺩﻼﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ2013

:ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍ39 - 57

:MD ﻢﻗﺭ801663

:ﻯﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻧﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﺙﻮﺤﺑ

:ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗIslamicInfo

:ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﻣﻰﻠﻋ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻯﺭﺎﺠﺘﻟﺍ ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻦﻴﻣﺄﺘﻟﺍ ،ﻰﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ،ﻰﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ

ﻰﻀﻳﻮﻌﺘﻟﺍ ﻖﺤﻟﺍ ،ﺓﺎﻴﺤﻟﺍ

:ﻂﺑﺍﺭhttp://search.mandumah.com/Record/801663

.ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ ﻕﻮﻘﺤﻟﺍ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ .ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ ﺭﺍﺩ 2019 ©

ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻃ ﻭﺃ ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ ﻚﻨﻜﻤﻳ .ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ،ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻊﻣ ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﺔﺣﺎﺘﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ

ﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻄﺧ ﺢﻳﺮﺼﺗ ﻥﻭﺩ (ﻲﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻻﺍ ﺪﻳﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ) ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻱﺃ ﺮﺒﻋ ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﻤﻳﻭ ،ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ

.ﺔﻣﻮﻈﻨﻤﻟﺍ