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الخروج من الخلاف الفقهي مفهومه ومسالكه

November 2019

Authors:

الجامعة الأردنية

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............................................................................................................... 



٢١٥

 :

ﻧدﯾـــﺳ ﻰـــﻠﻋ مﻼﺳـــﻟاو ةﻼﺻـــﻟاو نﯾﻣﻟﺎـــﻌﻟا بر ﷲ دـــﻣﺣﻟا ﺎ

مﯾرﻛﻟا ﻲﺑﻧﻟا ،دﻌﺑو نﯾﺑﯾطﻟا رﺎﻬطﻷا ﻪﻟآ ﻰﻠﻋو:

فﻼﺗﺧﻻﺎــﻓ ﺔــﯾﻌﯾﺑط ﺔــﺟﯾﺗﻧ ﺔــﯾﻋرﻔﻟا لﺋﺎﺳــﻣﻟا مﺎــﻛﺣأ ﻲــﻓ

وــﻫو ،دﺎــﻬﺗﺟﻼﻟﻪــﺗﻧورﻣو ﻪــﻘﻔﻟا ﺔــﯾوﯾﺣ لــﯾﻟد ، لــﯾﻟد ﻪــﻧأ ﺎــﻣﻛ

ءﺎـــﻬﻘﻔﻟا لﺎـــﻣﻋإ ﻰـــﻠﻋ مﻬـــﺻرﺣ ةدـــﺷ ﻪـــﻧﻣ رـــﻬظﯾو ،مﻬﻟوـــﻘﻋ

ﺔﻓرﻌﻣ،باوﺻﻟااذﻬﻟودﺎﻬﺗﺟﻻا ﻲﻓ فﻼﺧﻟا نﺎﻛيأرﻟﺎﺑ 

*ﺗﺳأذﺎكرﺎﺷﻣ ،ﺔﯾﻧدرﻷا ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟﻟا ،ﺔﻌﯾرﺷﻟا ﺔﯾﻠﻛ ،ﻪﻟوﺻأو ﻪﻘﻔﻟا مﺳﻗ.

ًﻻوـﺑﻘﻣ ًارﻣأ ، بﺎـﺑو ،فـﻠﺧﻠﻟ فﻠﺳـﻟا ﺎـﻬﻔﻠﺧ ﺔـﻣﯾظﻋ ةورـﺛ وـﻫو

عرﺷـــــﻟا مﺎـــــﻛﺣأ ﺔـــــﻓرﻌﻣ ﻰـــــﻟإ ﻪــــﻟﻼﺧ نـــــﻣ مﻠﺳـــــﻣﻟا ﺞـــــﻠﯾ ﻊــــﺳاو

ﻩدـــــــــﻋاوﻗو

)

(

. ﻪﺑﺎﺑـــــــــﺳأ فﻼﺗـــــــــﺧﻻا وأ فﻼـــــــــﺧﻟا اذـــــــــﻬﻟو

ﻪطﺑاوــــﺿو ، سﯾــــﻟ ذإ ةدﺎﻔﺗــــﺳاو ﻩرﺎــــﺑﺗﻋا نــــﻛﻣﯾ فﻼــــﺧ لــــﻛ

مﺎــﻛﺣأ لــﺑ ،ﻪــﻧﻣ لﺋﺎﺳــﻣﻟاو عورــﻔﻟا ّنإ دــﻋاوﻗو طﺑاوــﺿ كﺎــﻧﻫ

فﻼﺗــﺧﻻا كرــﺗو ،رــﺑﺗﻌﻣﻟا فﻼﺗــﺧﻻا رــﯾرﻘﺗ ﻲــﻓ ﺎــﻬﯾﻟإ ﻊــﺟرﯾ

رﺑﺗﻌﻣﻟا رﯾﻏ .

مدﻋ لﺻﻷا نأ ﺎﻣﻛدوﺟولوـﺻأ ﻲﻓ ﻻ فﻼﺗﺧا

 

*

ثﺣﺑﻟا لوﺻو ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :٨/٣/٢٠١١مثﺣﺑﻟا لوﺑﻗ ﺦﯾرﺎﺗ :١٧/٨/٢٠١١م  

كﻟﺎﺳــﻣﻟا ﻩذــﻫ رﻬــﺷأو ،ﻲــﻬﻘﻔﻟا فﻼــﺧﻟا نــﻣ جورــﺧﻟا ﺎﻬﺗطﺎــﺳوﺑ نــﻛﻣﯾ ﻲــﺗﻟا ﺔــﯾﻣﻠﻌﻟا كﻟﺎﺳــﻣﻟا ﺔــﺳارد ثــﺣﺑﻟا لوﺎــﻧﺗ : ذــﺧﻷا

وأ بﻫذــﻣ عﺎــﺑﺗا ،عﺎــﻣﺟﻹا دﺎــﻘﻌﻧا ،طﺎــﯾﺗﺣﻻﺎﺑمﻛﺎــﺣﻟا مــﻛﺣ ،ﺔــﯾﻧوﻧﺎﻗ داوــﻣ ﺔــﺋﯾﻫ ﻰــﻠﻋ مﺎــﻛﺣﻷا نﯾــﻧﻘﺗ ،دــﺣاو مﺎــﻣإ دﺎــﻬﺗﺟا دــﯾﻠﻘﺗ وأ

ﻰـــﻠﻋ مﺋﺎــﻘﻟا ﺔــﯾدﺎﻬﺗﺟﻻا ءارﻵا نﯾــﺑ ﺢﯾﺟرــﺗﻟا ﻲـــﻓ ﻲــﺑﯾرﺟﺗﻟا ﻲــﻣﻠﻌﻟا ﺞﻬﻧــﻣﻟا عﺎــﺑﺗاو ،ىرـــﺧﻷا ءارﻵا كرــﺗ ﻊــﻣ يأر مﯾدــﻘﺗﺑ ﻲــﺿﺎﻘﻟا

ﺔﯾﻣﻠﻌﻟا ﺔﺑرﺟﺗﻟاو ﺔﯾﻧﺎﺳﻧﻹا ةرﺑﺧﻟا .

ﻠﻛﻟا دــﻋاوﻘﻠﻟ قــﻓاوﻣﻟا ةرــﺑﺧﻟا لــﻫأ لوــﻗ مﯾــﻛﺣﺗو ،ﻲــﺑﯾرﺟﺗﻟا ﻲــﻣﻠﻌﻟا ﺞﻬﻧــﻣﻟا عﺎــﺑﺗإ ﺔــﯾﻣﻫأ ﻰــﻠﻋ ثــﺣﺑﻟا زــﻛر دــﻗو دــﺻﺎﻘﻣﻟاو ﺔــﯾ

لـﺻوﺗ ﺎـﻣ ﻰـﻟإ مﻬﺗادﺎـﻬﺗﺟاو ءﺎـﻬﻘﻔﻟا لاوـﻗأ عﺎﺿـﺧإ ﻰـﻠﻋ موـﻘﯾ ﻲـﻬﻘﻔﻟا فﻼـﺧﻟا نـﻣ جورـﺧﻟا كﻟﺎﺳـﻣ نـﻣ كﻠﺳـﻣﻛ ،ﺔﻌﯾرﺷـﻠﻟ ﺔﻣﺎﻌﻟا

ﻲــﻣﻠﻌﻟا يأرــﻟا قــﻓو ﺎــﻬﻧﯾﺑ ﺢﯾﺟرــﺗﻟا مــﺛ نــﻣو ءﺎــﻬﻘﻔﻟا لاوــﻗأ نﯾــﺑ ﺔــﻧزاوﻣﻟا مﺗــﺗ ثــﯾﺣﺑ ةرــﺑﺧﻟا لــﻫأ لوــﻗ ﻪــﯾﻠﻋ رﻘﺗــﺳا ﺎــﻣو مــﻠﻌﻟا ﻪــﯾﻟإ

ﯾرﺟﺗﻟﺎﺑ تﺑﺎﺛﻟا ﺢﯾﺣﺻﻟاب .

Abstract

Difference of opinions about secondary issues of Fiqh comes as one of the natural results of al-ijtihad.

This is one of the examples on the flexibility and vitality of Islamic Law. It indicates scholar's use of Reason

and their concerns about reaching a sound view. Thus, difference of opinions is acceptable in Islamic Law.

It is a heritage transmitted from ancestors to predecessors and a way for finding legal rulings. This

difference, therefore, has reasons and controls which classify at into valid or invalid difference.

To escape from the differences in Fiqh issues and decide which view is meant by the Legislator there

is a variety of methods. These methods are categorized into:

First: making reference to the rules and principles of the discipline of conflict and harmonization. This

discipline was established by scholars of usul al-fiqh who presented its principles, conditions and controls

which are to be followed for preferring one piece of evidence over the others. This is in order to make

sound ijtihad and harmonize contradictory pieces of evidence.

Second: following the experimental method where scholars consult the experts in the issue in question

and Science in the light of the rules of legislation and objectives of Islamic Law. Of the examples on this

is when we refer to the Muslim ruler's selection to judge between parties.

:ﻥﺍﻮﻨﻌﻟﺍﻪﻜﻟﺎﺴﻣﻭ ﻪﻣﻮﻬﻔﻣ ﻰﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻑﻼﺨﻟﺍ ﻦﻣ ﺝﻭﺮﺨﻟﺍ

:ﺭﺪﺼﻤﻟﺍﺔﻴﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﺕﺎﺳﺍﺭﺪﻟﺍ ﻲﻓ ﺔﻴﻧﺩﺭﻷﺍ ﺔﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ

:ﺮﺷﺎﻨﻟﺍﺖﻴﺒﻟﺍ ﻝﺁ ﺔﻌﻣﺎﺟ

:ﻲﺴﻴﺋﺮﻟﺍ ﻒﻟؤﻤﻟﺍﺪﻤﺤﻣ ﺪﻤﺣﺃ ﺱﺎﺒﻋ ،ﺯﺎﺒﻟﺍ

:ﺩﺪﻌﻟﺍ/ﺪﻠﺠﻤﻟﺍ1ﻉ ,10ﺞﻣ

:ﺔﻤﻜﺤﻣﻢﻌﻧ

:ﻱﺩﻼﻴﻤﻟﺍ ﺦﻳﺭﺎﺘﻟﺍ2014

:ﺕﺎﺤﻔﺼﻟﺍ215 - 235

:MD ﻢﻗﺭ801793

:ﻯﻮﺘﺤﻤﻟﺍ ﻉﻮﻧﺕﻻﺎﻘﻣﻭ ﺙﻮﺤﺑ

:ﺕﺎﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤﻟﺍ ﺪﻋﺍﻮﻗIslamicInfo

:ﻊﻴﺿﺍﻮﻣﻲﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻑﻼﺨﻟﺍ ﻢﻠﻋ ،ﻰﻬﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻑﻼﺨﻟﺍ ،ﻰﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ ﻝﻮﺻﺃ ،ﻰﻣﻼﺳﻹﺍ ﻪﻘﻔﻟﺍ

:ﻂﺑﺍﺭhttp://search.mandumah.com/Record/801793

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ﻡﺍﺪﺨﺘﺳﻼﻟ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ ﺔﻋﺎﺒﻃ ﻭﺃ ﻞﻴﻤﺤﺗ ﻚﻨﻜﻤﻳ .ﺔﻇﻮﻔﺤﻣ ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﻊﻴﻤﺟ ﻥﺃ ﺎﻤﻠﻋ ،ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻊﻣ ﻊﻗﻮﻤﻟﺍ ﻕﺎﻔﺗﻹﺍ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺀﺎﻨﺑ ﺔﺣﺎﺘﻣ ﺓﺩﺎﻤﻟﺍ ﻩﺬﻫ

ﺭﺍﺩ ﻭﺃ ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻕﻮﻘﺣ ﺏﺎﺤﺻﺃ ﻦﻣ ﻲﻄﺧ ﺢﻳﺮﺼﺗ ﻥﻭﺩ (ﻲﻧﻭﺮﺘﻜﻟﻻﺍ ﺪﻳﺮﺒﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺖﻧﺮﺘﻧﻻﺍ ﻊﻗﺍﻮﻣ ﻞﺜﻣ) ﺔﻠﻴﺳﻭ ﻱﺃ ﺮﺒﻋ ﺮﺸﻨﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﻞﻳﻮﺤﺘﻟﺍ ﻭﺃ ﺦﺴﻨﻟﺍ ﻊﻨﻤﻳﻭ ،ﻂﻘﻓ ﻲﺼﺨﺸﻟﺍ

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