No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Histoire et mémoire dans la littérature de frontièresHistoria y memoria en la literatura de fronteras
Abstract
La frontière constitue un concept aporétique, entre clôture et passage. L’ayant d’abord considérée dans sa relation au territoire et à l’espace historique, social et politique, je m’intéresse plus particulièrement à sa traduction symbolique dans la littérature et aux significations culturelles qu’elle revêt dans diverses aires linguistiques. Cet article synthétise les résultats de deux projets de recherche successifs qui abordent la représentation de la frontière dans la littérature hispano-américaine, sud-africaine et française et son rapport avec l’élaboration du discours historique et des récits de mémoire.
À la fois lignes de fractures géopolitiques, cicatrices de l’histoire et interfaces économiques et culturelles, les frontières latino-américaines ont en commun d’avoir connu les mêmes grandes phases historiques depuis la colonisation, avec d’abord, l’ébauche d’un maillage et ensuite la formation des États indépendants. Elles sont toujours aujourd’hui traversées par des dynamiques politiques, économiques et sociales qui les mettent à l’épreuve et participent d’une déconstruction/reconstruction de l’objet frontière dont l’analyse est stimulante pour les chercheurs dans la diversité de leurs disciplines.
À travers sa représentation traversée par l’idéologie féministe islamique, une perspective sur la frontière et sa poétique dans Rêves de femmes : une enfance au harem de Fatima Mernissi, s’ouvre comme un topos sur ce schème basal à la constitution de l’entité humaine (surtout féminine) comme être situé qui se situe. S’attachant à divers ordres de discours, tantôt croisés, tantôt opposés, sur les champs de la littérature, de la sociologie, de la géographie et de la culture, notre trajectoire va naviguer autour de et dans cette notion complexe qu’est la frontière. L’intérêt de cet article se traduit par l’analyse historico-sociologique qui nous permet ainsi de comprendre qu’au-delà des transgressions des frontières géographiques, culturelles et religieuses, les femmes mernissiennes tentent d’imposer leur place dans divers sphères de l’espace publique.
In his novel Odisea del norte (1999) Salvadoran writer, Mario Bencastro, represents the last two decades of the migratory Salvadoran context. Fiction is accompanied by various press articles relating the Salvadoran Civil War with the political and economic reasons encouraging Salvadorans to emigrate. Bencastro narrates Calixto’s journey from El Salvador to the United States; he also describes his settlement in this country, revealing how difficult is the integration process and the treatment suffered by some Hispanic American migrants. This paper studies two aspects of the novel. Firstly, we analyze the journey; we ponder Calixto’s reasons to leave El Salvador and the motivations driving him to the United States. We also underline Mexico’s role that prefigures the contemporary challenges of Central American migration to this country. Secondly, we focus on journalistic discourse and press articles that appear as a support of fiction. Their use simplifies the approach of migration, its contextualization, and, due to its testimonial strength, they are capable to surpass fiction.
La migración internacional nos enfrenta con problemas irresolubles desde la figura moderna del Estado nacional, su concepto de ciudadanía y su noción de justicia. Juan Carlos Velasco critica las limitaciones y la orientación de las políticas contemporáneas que nos hacen percibir a la migración como una " invasión " , y propone un modo radicalmente diferente de entender e intervenir el fenómeno desde lo trasnacional.
Nacer de uno u otro lado de una línea divisoria es un evento azaroso, no obstante delimitar la frontera es una construcción histórico-política: la desigualdad en las oportunidades que ofrecen las naciones es una situación estructural de injusticia que se perpetúa con las políticas de exclusión de los migrantes y la deslegitimación de su derecho a buscar una vida mejor. Esa circunstancia genera fracturas sociales, injustificables pero normalizadas, que imposibilitan alcanzar la justicia global.
Velasco presenta un análisis completo que abarca las dimensiones política, jurídica y moral del tema, en el que lleva a la filosofía política a un terreno práctico del que se desprenden las claves para entender y actuar en esta nueva era en la que, debido a los conflictos sociales y políticos, la migración vuelve a ser argumento de discusión relevante.
(Texto de la CONTRAPORTADA del libro)
https://www.fondodeculturaeconomica.com/DetalleEd.aspx?ctit=002324R
Vincular la política migratoria con el valor de la justicia conforma, en última instancia, la médula de este libro, al igual que la convicción de que este ideal ha de inspirar y vertebrar las políticas que se propongan como alternativas al patrón actualmente vigente. Si de lo que se trata es presentar propuestas para una compresión más integral del fenómeno migratorio, resulta crucial ir más allá de los límites del Estado nacional y situarse en la esfera supranacional, un espacio de interacción que por fin ha de dejar de ser pensado al margen de las consideraciones de la justicia.
La « frontière » est habituellement comprise comme la « limite de souveraineté et de compétence territoriale d'un État » De nos jours, la prégnance de cette définition semble s'estomper à l'échelle mondiale, accompagnant ainsi le processus de relativisation multiforme de l'État. Il faut y voir l'effet de l'évolution des techniques de transport et de communication, la dynamique et l'ampleur des échanges économiques, mais aussi la prise en ...
How shall cosmopolitanism be conceived in relation to globalization, capitalism, and modernity? The geopolitical imaginary nourished by the term and processes of globalization lays claim to the homogeneity of the planet from above--economically, politically, and culturally. The term cosmopolitanism is, instead, used as a counter to globalization, although not necessarily in the sense of globalization from below. Globalization from below invokes, rather, the reactions to globalization from those populations and geohistorical areas of the planet that suffer the consequences of the global economy. There are, then, local histories that plan and project global designs and others that have to live with them. Cosmopolitanism is not easily aligned to either side of globalization, although the term implies a global project. How shall we understand cosmopolitanism in relation to these alternatives? Let's assume then that globalization is a set of designs to manage the world while cosmopolitanism is a set of projects toward planetary conviviality. The first global design of the modern world was Christianity, a cause and a consequence of the incorporation of the Americas into the global vision of an orbis christianus. It preceded the civilizing mission, the intent to civilize the world under the model of the modern European nation-states. The global design of Christianity was part (End Page 721) of the European Renaissance and was constitutive of modernity and of its darker side, coloniality. The global design of the civilizing mission was part of the European Enlightenment and of a new configuration of modernity/coloniality. The cosmopolitan project corresponding to Christianity's global design was mainly articulated by Francisco de Vitoria at the University of Salamanca while the civilizing global design was mainly articulated by Immanuel Kant at the University of Königsberg. In other words, cosmopolitan projects, albeit with significant differences, have been at work during both moments of modernity. The first was a religious project; the second was secular. Both, however, were linked to coloniality and to the emergence of the modern/colonial world. Coloniality, in other words, is the hidden face of modernity and its very condition of possibility. The colonization of the Americas in the sixteenth and the seventeenth centuries, and of Africa and Asia in the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, consolidated an idea of the West: a geopolitical image that exhibits chronological movement. Three overlapping macronarratives emerge from this image. In the first narrative, the West originates temporally in Greece and moves northwest of the Mediterranean to the North Atlantic. In the second narrative, the West is defined by the modern world that originated with the Renaissance and with the expansion of capitalism through the Atlantic commercial circuit. In the third narrative, Western modernity is located in Northern Europe, where it bears the distinctive trademark of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution. While the first narrative emphasizes the geographical marker West as the keyword of its ideological formation, the second and third link the West more strongly with modernity. Coloniality as the constitutive side of modernity emerges from these latter two narratives, which, in consequence, link cosmopolitanism intrinsically to coloniality. By this I do not mean that it is improper to conceive and analyze cosmopolitan projects beyond these parameters, as Sheldon Pollock does in this issue of Public Culture. I am stating simply that I will look at cosmopolitan projects within the scope of the modern/colonial world--that is, located chronologically in the 1500s and spatially in the northwest Mediterranean and the North Atlantic. While it is possible to imagine a history that, like Hegel's, begins with the origin of humanity, it is also possible to tell stories with different beginnings, which is no less arbitrary than to proclaim the beginning with the origin of humanity or of Western civilization. The crucial point is not when
Los límites de la cultura
- Alejandro Grimson
Ce que la littérature fait de l'histoire et à l'histoire », Fabula / Les colloques, Littérature et histoire en débats
- François Hartog
Señales que precederán al fin del mundo
- Yuri Herrera
Border of fear, border of desire
- Rolando Romero
Entre la magia y la historia. Tradiciones, mitos y leyendas de la frontera
- José Valenzuela Arce
- Manuel
Obsession des frontières
- Michel Foucher
Waiting for the Barbarians
- John Coetzee
- Maxwell
La formación del estado y la nación, y el pueblo mapuche. De la inclusion , a la exclusión
- Jorge Pinto
Americanity as a concept or the Americas in the modern world-system
- Aníbal Quijano
- Immanuel Et Wallerstein